374472 research outputs found
Sort by
Antonio Turiel defiende el decrecimiento contra la crisis energética: «Crecer por crecer es la filosofía de un tumor»
No full textEl pasado lunes 28 de abril, la península ibérica vivió un apagón eléctrico sin precedentes, que ha generado un sinfín de teorías sobre sus causas y las posibles soluciones para evitar que algo similar vuelva a ocurrir. Durante la entrevista en EgunON Magazine, Antonio Turiel, doctor en física y experto en energía del CSIC, nos ha ofrecido su análisis sobre lo sucedidoPeer reviewe
Exercise and mind-body exercise for feeding and eating disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regressions
No full text[Purpose] To develop a systematic review with meta-analysis to summarize the effectiveness of exercise, regular physical activity, and mind-body exercise on harmful exercise habits, psychological factors, and quality of life in people clinically diagnosed with feeding and eating disorders.[Material and methods] Randomized clinical trials and pilot randomized clinical trials were considered.[Results] Twelve studies were included. No studies evaluated athletes. No studies examined regular physical activity as the targeted intervention. Quality of life could not be meta-analyzed. Overall, meta-analyses showed that exercise or mind-body exercise was not more effective than controls in reducing depression symptoms, harmful exercise habits, eating behaviors, or emotional regulation skills. However, important methodological and clinical issues were detected in the included studies. This affected the certainty of evidence of the meta-analyzed outcomes which ranged from low to very low. No studies reported in sufficient detail their interventions to be replicated.[Conclusions] Overall, exercise and mind-body exercise may be ineffective in improving meta-analyzed outcomes. However, the certainty of evidence ranged from low to very low and the body of knowledge in this field needs to be increased to reach robust conclusions.The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.Peer reviewe
No s’ha volgut fer allò que calia per a garantir el subministrament elèctric, sinó allò que més beneficis donava a les companyies
No full textEntrevista al científic i divulgador, investigador de l'Institut de Ciències del Mar del CSIC, sobre el sistema elèctric de l'estat espanyolPeer reviewe
Leptin and Leptin Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review
No full textObesity, a pandemic health problem, is now considered as a chronic inflammatory state, related to many autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. Thus, adipokines, inflammatory mediators secreted by adipose tissue, play an important role modulating the immune response. In this context, obesity, especially during adolescent age, seems to be a key factor for the development of multiple sclerosis. Leptin, the main pro-inflammatory adipokine secreted by the adipose tissue, has been found increased in patients with multiple sclerosis and is able to regulate the immune system promoting a pro-inflammatory response. Leptin signaling in both innate and adaptative immune cells might have immunomodulatory effects in the context of multiple sclerosis. In this way, leptin has been found to produce a Th1 and Th17 response, increasing M1 macrophages and decreasing regulatory T cells and Th2 response. Moreover, circulating inflammatory adipokines, such as leptin, have been found in people with multiple sclerosis. In the present work, we are reviewing literature to update the body of knowledge regarding the role of obesity and leptin in multiple sclerosis.Funding for open access publishing: Universidad de Sevilla/CBUA. L.H-P. is supported by the Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía (RH-0047-2021). D.J.G-D. is supported by the VII Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia of Universidad de Sevilla [Contrato de Acceso (II.4)/VII PPIT-US]. VSM is the PI of the group CTS-151 supported by Junta de Andalucia.Peer reviewe
Cluster-lensed supernova yields from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
No full text[Context] Through gravitational lensing, galaxy clusters can magnify supernovae (SNe) and thereby create multiple images of the same SN. This enables measurements of cosmological parameters (primarily the Hubble constant), which will be increasingly important in the context of upcoming surveys from the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman) and Vera C. Rubin Observatory.[Aims] We study the prospects of detecting strongly lensed supernovae in cluster fiels with Roman’s High Latitude Time Domain Survey (HLTDS) and the Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST).[Methods] We employed two approaches: one focusing on known multiply imaged galaxies (arcs) behind cluster fields, along with the SN rates specific to those galaxies (arc-specific), while the second is based on the expected number of lensed SNe exploding in a given volume behind a galaxy cluster (volumetric). We collected all the clusters in the literature that feature a) a well-constrained lens model and b) multiply imaged galaxies behind clusters with high-quality data for the multiply imaged galaxies behind clusters. This allowed us to determine the supernova rate for each galaxy. We provide predictions for 46 clusters visible to the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, as well as for 9 observable by Roman’s HLTDS, depending on whether the clusters fall within the survey’s observing field.[Results] We predict that the number of multiply imaged SNe discovered by LSST in its first three years is 3.95 ± 0.89 from the first approach or 4.94 ± 1.02 from the second. Based on the current proposed observing strategy for the HLTDS, which specifies the requirements on galactic and ecliptic latitudes, the expected number of multiply imaged supernovae ranges from 0.38 ± 0.15 to 5.2 ± 2.2, depending on the specific cluster observed. However, the exact fields to be targeted remain a matter of discussion.[Conclusions] We conclude that LSST offers great prospects for detecting multiply imaged SNe. If adequate follow-up campaigns are conducted, these capabilities will enable measurements of cosmological parameters independent of conventional probes. These predictions are effectively lower limits, as we only considered the most massive and well-studied clusters in the present work. Here, we provide a recommendation for HLTDS observing field selection, namely: either MACS J0553.4-3342 or Abell 1758a should be observed by the survey to maximize the number of potential multiply imaged SN discoveries.MB and TP acknowledge the financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (grants I0-0033, P1-0031, J1-8136, J1-2460 and Z1-1853) and the Young Researchers program. This work was also supported with travel grants by the Slovenian Research Agency (BI-US/24-26-085, BI-VB/23-25-005 and BI-US/22-24-006) and the COST Action CA21136 Cosmoverse. This research was supported by the Munich Institute for Astro-, Particle and BioPhysics (MIAPbP), which is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC-2094 – 390783311. AA acknowledges financial support through the project PID2022-138896NB-C51 (MCIU/AEI/MINECO/FEDER, UE) Ministerio de Ciencia, Investigación y Universidades. This work is based on observations taken by the RELICS Treasury Program (GO 14096) with the NASA/ESA HST, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This work utilizes gravitational lensing models produced by PIs Bradač, Natarajan & Kneib (CATS), Merten & Zitrin, Sharon, Williams, Keeton, Bernstein and Diego, and the GLAFIC group. This lens modeling was partially funded by the HST Frontier Fields program conducted by STScI. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The lens models were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). N. B. acknowledges to be funded by the European Union (ERC, CET-3PO, 101042610). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. Researcher T. J. conducts his research under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions – COFUND project, which is co-funded by the European Union (Physics for Future – Grant Agreement No. 101081515). We are grateful for the support of the University of Chicago’s Research Computing Center for assistance with the calculations carried out in this work. We thank G. Caminha and L. Strolger for the useful discussions. We thank the anonymous referee, whose valuable insight greatly improved our work. The following software was used in this work: SNCosmo (Barbary et al. 2025), extinction (Barbary 2016), NumPy (Harris et al. 2020), Astropy (Astropy Collaboration 2022), CIGALE (Boquien et al. 2019), based on Noll et al. (2009) and Burgarella et al. (2005), dustmaps (Green 2018), Lenstool (Jullo et al. 2007; Jullo & Kneib 2009), Matplotlib (Hunter 2007), SNANA (Kessler et al. 2009), TOPCAT (Taylor 2005).Peer reviewe
Links between sea surface temperature anomalies and seismic activity in the Red Sea across multiple temporal scales
No full textThe datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request, except seismic datasets, because restrictions apply to the availability of these data and they are not publicly available.This study evaluates the links between seismic activity and sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the Red Sea from 2003 to 2020. We utilized the Egyptian National Seismic Network (ENSN) and ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (version 9.0) provided by the Global Earthquake Risk Model (GEM) Organizations and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua satellite SST data. Trend analysis indicates that the northern and southern regions exhibited distinct SST changes, with a robust gradient of warming signals from the north to the south. In addition, we assessed the association between seismic activity and SST anomalies across various timescales (daily, annual, and decadal) in the Red Sea. Overall, results suggest a consistent negative correlation between SST changes and seismic activity at the multidecadal and annual scales. At these longer timescales (i.e., annual and decadal), seismic events, even with micro magnitudes (less than 3) as in the northern Red Sea, may contribute to localized and slow negative SST anomalies. This negative feedback may be attributed to the reduction in hydrostatic pressure on the sea crust as a result of the formation of new crusts in response to the divergence of tectonic plates. On the other hand, at shorter scales (daily or weekly), the results indicate SST warming before seismic events and SST cooling during and after the seismic events. This pattern indicates that lithostatic pressure changes and geothermal flux are likely to impact SST shortly before seismic activity. Nevertheless, the long-term variability of SST is less significantly impacted by these localized and short-term anomalies. Overall, the intricacy of SST-seismic interactions has implications for acquiring and understanding the behavior of the dynamic marine environment and earthquake forecasting, but further studies are needed to confirm these potential interactions.The authors would like to express their gratitude to the ENSN and ISC organizations for providing seismic data. The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their suggestions and valuable comments.Peer reviewe
Euclid: Early Release Observations – Programme overview and pipeline for compact- and diffuse-emission photometry
No full textEuclid Collaboration: et al.The Euclid Early Release Observations (ERO) showcase Euclid’s capabilities in advance of its main mission by targeting 17 astronomical objects, including galaxy clusters, nearby galaxies, globular clusters, and star-forming regions. A total of 24 hours of observing time was allocated in the early months of operation, and the scientific community was engaged through an early public data release. We describe the development of the ERO pipeline to create visually compelling images while simultaneously meeting the scientific demands within months of launch by leveraging a pragmatic data-driven development strategy. The pipeline’s key requirements are to preserve the image quality and to provide flux calibration and photometry for compact and extended sources. The pipeline’s five pillars are removal of instrumental signatures, astrometric calibration, photometric calibration, image stacking, and the production of science-ready catalogues for both the VIS and NISP instruments. We report a point spread function (PSF) with a full width at half maximum of 0ʺ.16 in the optical IE-band and 0ʺ.49 in the near-infrared (NIR) bands YE, JE, and HE. Our VIS mean absolute flux calibration is accurate to about 1%, and the accuracy is 10% for NISP due to a limited calibration set; both instruments have considerable colour terms for individual sources. The median depth is 25.3 and 23.2 AB mag with a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of ten for galaxies, while it is 27.1 and 24.5 AB mag at an S/N of five for point sources for VIS and NISP, respectively. Euclid’s ability to observe diffuse emission is exceptional due to its extended PSF nearly matching a pure diffraction halo, the best ever achieved by a wide-field high-resolution imaging telescope. Euclid offers unparalleled capabilities for exploring the low-surface brightness (LSB) Universe across all scales, providing high precision within a wide field of view (FoV), and opening a new observational window in the NIR. Median surface-brightness levels of 29.5 and 27.9, AB mag arcsec−2 are achieved for VIS and NISP, respectively, for detecting a 10ʺ × 10ʺ extended feature at the 1 σ level.This work has made use of the Early Release Observations (ERO) data from the Euclid mission of the European Space Agency (ESA), 2024, https://doi.org/10.57780/esa-qmocze3. The Euclid Consortium acknowledges the European Space Agency and a number of agencies and institutes that have supported the development of Euclid, in particular the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, the Austrian Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft funded through BMK, the Belgian Science Policy, the Canadian Euclid Consortium, the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, the DTU Space and the Niels Bohr Institute in Denmark, the French Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, the Netherlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie, the Norwegian Space Agency, the Research Council of Finland, the Romanian Space Agency, the State Secretariat for Education, Research, and Innovation (SERI) at the Swiss Space Office (SSO), and the United Kingdom Space Agency. A complete and detailed list is available on the Euclid web site (https://www.euclid-ec.org). This work presents results from the European Space Agency (ESA) space mission Gaia. Gaia data are being processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). Funding for the DPAC is provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia MultiLateral Agreement (MLA). The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys (PS1) and the PS1 public science archive have been made possible through contributions by the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, the Queen’s University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate, the National Science Foundation Grant No. AST–1238877, the University of Maryland, Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE), the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This project used public archival data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. CS acknowledges the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). Cette recherche a été financée par le Conseil de recherches en sciences naturelles et en génie du Canada (CRSNG). CS also acknowledges support from the Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics (CITA) National Fellowship program.Peer reviewe
Tracing contamination in mining areas through sulfur and oxygen isotopes in groundwater sulfates: a case study from the Apuan Alps (Italy)
No full textGroundwater contamination from legacy mining activities is a significant environmental concern, particularly in karst regions with vulnerable aquifers. This study investigates the isotopic composition of groundwater sulfates in a former mining area (Apuan Alps, Italy) to identify contamination sources and assess aquifer vulnerability. Sulfur and oxygen isotopes (δ34S and δ18O) of dissolved sulfates, combined with hydrochemical data, distinguish ulfidederived sulfate, originating from acid mine drainage and sulfide oxidation, from sulfate released through evaporitic dissolution. The results show that some groundwater springs near mining sites are influenced by the oxidation of sulfide minerals and the dissolution of secondary Fe-Al-K sulfates, as evidenced by depleted δ34S and δ18O values and the presence of trace metals, including thallium. In contrast, other springs exhibit isotopically enriched δ34S and δ18O signatures, characteristic of the dissolution of Triassic evaporites, indicating deeper aquifers protected from mining-related contamination. Seasonal isotopic variations reveal the mixing of shallow and deep groundwater flow components, with dilution effects observed during recharge periods. These findings underscore the effectiveness of isotopic tools in tracing sulfate origin and highlight the risks of contamination in shallow karst systemsPeer reviewe