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Beyond the frames : Lines of flight through the evolution of art education and the liberated hands of art educators
No full textArt education has historically been surrounded by the perception of being deemed a less critical subject in the educational system. Through the philosophies of Deleuze & Guattari (1987) and Biesta (2004; 2014), this qualitative survey of twelve questions aims to bring to light and analyse the views, dreams, and desires of 19 Art educators, hoping to identify potential paths toward rectifying the suboptimal status of Art education. The study shows a consistency of identified territories, lines of flight and gaps. Three main lines of flight were established based on the findings: Flight Line 1: Time and space Flight Line 2: Teaching opportunities Flight Line 3: In the encounter and interactions of the Art teacher and pupil – the future optimal and the past suboptimal Art educators’ testimonies tell of outer limitations that affect all parts of their work and ultimately affect their students’ education, which can be seen as a violation of the students’ rights, according to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (2024). The findings show an interconnected experience in the pedagogical workforce; and a unanimous call for action
The Long Road to Historical Recognition : A study of how the Roma peoples is described within the Swedish history textbooks for grades 7-9.
No full textLLM-Defined BlackBoxFunction in JavaScript/TypeScript : A Prompt-Driven Framework for Automated Validation and Iterative Improvement
No full textThis thesis explores the reliability of code generated by large language models (LLMs) in dynamically typed programming environments, with a focus on JavaScript and TypeScript. While LLMs are increasingly used to automate coding tasks, their outputs often lack robustness and fail to handle edge cases, especially in one-shot generation scenarios. To address this problem, we propose and implement a framework called BlackBoxFunction, which integrates prompt-driven code generation with automated validation and iterative self-healing. The framework constructs functions via GPT-4.1, validates them using schema-based tests, and automatically regenerates invalid outputs until they pass or reach a retry limit. A controlled experiment was conducted across 20 diverse programming tasks grouped into algorithms, data transformations, and text processing. The results show that self-healing significantly improves functional correctness, raising accuracy from an average of 63% to nearly 100% across all categories, while also reducing the need for manual intervention. These findings highlight the potential of lightweight feedback loops to improve LLM reliability in real-world development workflows.
Parents experience of having their child in a sportspreschool : An interview study
No full textBakgrund: Idrottsförskolor är ett relativt nytt begrepp och koncept i Sverige. Förskolorna integrerar mer idrott och rörelse i barnens dagliga aktiviteter under förskoletid. Idrottsförskolor har samarbeten med olika idrottsföreningar vilket bidrar till att barnen bland annat får testa på en rad olika sporter såsom fotboll, tennis, hockey och innebandy. Detta utifrån ett syfte att uppmuntra ett förhoppningsvis livslångt intresse för idrott och rörelse. I nuläget finns det begränsad forskning på idrottsförskolor och vad förskolans inriktning kan bidra med. Syfte: Undersöka föräldrars erfarenheter och upplevelser av att deras barn går i en idrottsförskola. Metod: En kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med sex deltagare utifrån ett bekvämlighetsval. Databearbetningen genomfördes med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Efter den kvalitativa innehållsanalysen identifierades 5 kategorier samt 19 subkategorier. Studien visar att valet av idrottsförskola ofta grundades på praktiska faktorer, men att idrottsinriktningen sågs som ett värdefullt komplement som främjade rörelseglädje och ett fysiskt aktivitetsbeteende. Det uttrycktes en viss oro kring organisatoriska utmaningar samt att bibehålla balansen mellan lekfullhet och idrott. Konklusion: Fördelar med idrottsförskola som lyfts var ökad rörelseglädje, möjligheter att prova flera idrotter och ett lugnare klimat, men även organisatoriska hinder och oro för att idrott skulle ta över rörelseglädjen. Studien understryker vikten av att sprida kunskap om idrottsförskolor och behovet av fortsatt forskning kring långsiktiga konsekvenser/effekter av att gå i idrottsförskola.Background: Sports preschools are a relatively new term and concept in Sweden. These preschools integrate more sport and movement into children's daily activities during preschool hours. Sports preschools have partnerships with various sports clubs, which means that children can try a range of different sports such as soccer, tennis, hockey and floorball. The aim is to encourage an interest in sport and exercise. However, there is limited research on sports preschools and what the preschool's focus can contribute with. Objective: To investigate parents' experiences and perceptions of their child attending a sports preschool. Method: A qualitative study including semi-structured interviews was conducted with six participants based on convenience selection. Data analysis was performed using qualitative content analysis. Results: After the qualitative content analysis, five categories and 19 subcategories were identified. The study shows that the choice of a sports preschool was often based on practical factors, but that the sports focus was seen as a valuable complement that promoted playfulness and physical activity behavior. Some concerns were expressed about organizational challenges and maintaining the balance between playfulness and sport. Conclusion: Advantages of sport preschools highlighted were increased physical activity, opportunities to try different sports and a calmer climate, but also organizational barriers and concerns that sports would take over the playfulness. The study emphasizes the importance of spreading knowledge about sports preschools and the need for further research
On the path towards a European defence union
No full textThis thesis investigates how recent US actions altering the postwar order in Europe have affected the European Commission’s expanding role in EU defence policy, traditionally a domain of national sovereignty. Grounded in theories of crisis-integration, the study applies a theory-driven critical case study methodology through process tracing to examine institutional responses following the 2025 Munich Security Conference, which marked a significant shift in transatlantic relations. By analysing institutional developments, such as the Commission’s ReArm Europe plan and proposed SAFE instrument, the study illustrates how supranational policy entrepreneurship has been activated in response to an existential threat. The findings of the study indicate that while member states remain central to EU decision-making, they increasingly delegate coordination responsibilities to the Commission during times of crises. The analysis provides evidence of a convergence between the intergovernmentalist and supranationalist approaches, as both national and EU actors collaborate under pressure. The study concludes that the crisis has led to a measurable expansion of the Commission’s influence in EU defence policy. It contributes to the refinement of crisis-integration theory by highlighting defence-specific mechanisms and emphasising institutional adaptability in periods of geopolitical upheaval.
The paradox of perfume: Exclusivity may not affect likability
No full textOdors are known to affect social perception and behavior, and while perfume is used widely toimprove one’s body odor, its effect on social evaluation is a lesser explored area. In thisexperiment we tested the hypothesis that a more exclusive perfume causes a more positivelikability assessment of human faces. Participants (N = 20), 10 male and 10 female, agedbetween 21 to 75, assessed the likability of images of human faces after exposure to affectiveprime stimulus in the form of smelling an exclusive or less exclusive men’s perfume. Theresults indicated that there was no difference in likability assessments between the exclusiveand less exclusive perfume, and participants’ gender did not influence the ratings. A strongcorrelation was found between rated pleasantness of the perfume and likability ratings. Theresults suggest that a perfume’s exclusivity may not influence whether a person is liked byothers, contrary to popular belief. A pleasant scent, however, may play an important role insocial evaluation
Emotioners roll i sanningsbedömning: Hur påverkar emotionellt sinnestillstånd benägenheten att tro på ”fake news”?
No full textHow do emotions affect susceptibility to believing fake news? Previous research of misinformation in the field of psychology has focused mainly on the role of analytical reasoning without considering how emotional states may influence individuals’ cognitive processing, critical thinking, and overall susceptibility to misinformation. To better understand these issues, we replicated an American study in which an association between experiencing heightened emotionality and being more susceptible to fake news was observed. We adapted our design to fit within a Swedish context by selecting news articles that were culturally and politically relevant to a Swedish audience. A digital survey was used to assess participants (N=102, 53 men, 49 women, M=37.5) emotional states, followed by accuracy ratings of 18 news headlines, half of which were fabricated fake news. Then, a linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze how emotional states, specific emotions and demographic variables predicted truth ratings of fake (and real) news. Unlike the original study, we did not find any association between heightened emotional states and an increased belief in fake news. We did however find a weak association (p = .08) between negative emotionality and an increased scepticism towards news articles in general. These findings suggest that emotions may influence how individuals process information, and subsequently their susceptibility towards fake news, but that more research is needed in this area. Future research should include a larger sample size to increase generalizability, examine additional contexts to better understand cross-cultural differences, and perhaps use an experimental design to investigate causal relationships between emotionality and belief in fake news.Hur påverkar emotionellt sinnestillstånd benägenheten att tro på falska nyheter? Tidigare psykologisk forskning om misinformation har huvudsakligen fokuserat på analytiskt resonemang utan att ta hänsyn till hur känslotillstånd kan påverka kognitiv bearbetning, kritiskt tänkande, och mottaglighet för misinformation generellt. I syfte att bättre förstå dessa aspekter replikerades en amerikansk studie där ett samband mellan förhöjda emotionella tillstånd och högre mottaglighet för falska nyheter observerades. Vi anpassade innehållet till en svensk kontext genom att välja nyhetsartiklar som var kulturellt och politiskt relevanta för en svensk publik. En digital enkät användes för att mäta deltagarnas (N=102, 53 män, 49 kvinnor, M=37.5) känslotillstånd, följt av bedömningar av sanningsenligheten i 18 nyhetsartiklar varav hälften var falska, fabricerade nyheter. Därefter användes en linjär mixed-effects modell för att undersöka hur känslotillstånd, specifika emotioner samt demografiska variabler predicerade bedömningar av sanningsenligheten i falska (och sanna) nyhetsartiklar. Till skillnad från originalstudien fann vi ingen association mellan förhöjda emotionella tillstånd och en ökad tro på falska nyheter. Däremot fann vi ett svagt samband (p = .08) mellan negativa känslotillstånd och ökad skepticism gentemot nyheter generellt. Dessa fynd indikerar att emotioner kan spela en roll i hur människor granskar och bearbetar information och följaktligen deras mottaglighet för falska nyheter, men att mer forskning behövs inom området. Framtida forskning bör inkludera ett större urval för att öka generaliserbarheten, undersöka ytterligare kulturella kontexter, och använda en experimentell design för att studera potentiella kausala samband mellan känslotillstånd och mottaglighet för falska nyheter
Euclid : III. The NISP Instrument
No full textThe Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) on board the Euclid satellite provides multiband photometry and R greater than or similar to 450 slitless grism spectroscopy in the 950-2020 nm wavelength range. In this reference article, we illuminate the background of NISP's functional and calibration requirements, describe the instrument's integral components, and provide all its key properties. We also sketch the processes needed to understand how NISP operates and is calibrated as well as its technical potentials and limitations. Links to articles providing more details and the technical background are included. The NISP's 16 HAWAII-2RG (H2RG) detectors with a plate scale of 0 ''.3 pixel(-1) deliver a field of view of 0.57 deg(2). In photometric mode, NISP reaches a limiting magnitude of similar to 24.5 AB mag in three photometric exposures of about 100 s in exposure time for point sources and with a S/N of five. For spectroscopy, NISP's pointsource sensitivity is a signal-to-noise ratio = 3.5 detection of an emission line with flux similar to 2 x 10(-16) erg s(-1) cm(-2) integrated over two resolution elements of 13.4 angstrom in 3 x 560 s grism exposures at 1.6 mu m (redshifted H alpha). Our calibration includes on-ground and in-flight characterisation and monitoring of the pixel-based detector baseline, dark current, non-linearity, and sensitivity to guarantee a relative photometric accuracy better than 1.5% and a relative spectrophotometry better than 0.7%. The wavelength calibration must be accurate to 5 angstrom or better. The NISP is the state-of-the-art instrument in the near-infrared for all science beyond small areas available from HST and JWST - and it represents an enormous advance from any existing instrumentation due to its combination of field size and high throughput of telescope and instrument. During Euclid's six-year survey covering 14 000 deg(2) of extragalactic sky, NISP will be the backbone in determining distances of more than a billion galaxies. Its near-infrared data will become a rich reference imaging and spectroscopy data set for the coming decades.For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450786</p
Radioaktiv strålning och joniserande strålning : En undersökande studie kring den uppfattade skillnaden mellan begreppen radioaktiv strålning och joniserande strålning
No full textIn Sweden there are two terms for ionizing radiation; joniserande strålning which is the correct term and the literal translation to the English term ionizing radiation, and radioaktiv strålning which translates to “radioactive radiation” and is a term that is scientifically incorrect. Largely, the Swedish public uses the incorrect term while the scientific community uses the correct term. In an earlier study (Dalesjö 2024) it was discovered that science students found these two terms to mean different things although they should not. In this study I performed a survey with the same fact-based questions as in the survey used for Dalesjö 2024 and compared the results when changing the term in the questions from joniserande strålning (Dalesjö 2024) to radioaktiv strålning (this study). We could see that there is indeed a difference in how these two terms are understood. The difference was not substantial but was later reinforced by interviews with science students who very clearly either thought these two terms were different things or who could not definitively state what made them the same or what made them differ. The interviews show that the starting point is not that the terms should be the same but that they should not and a majority of the interviewees spent their interviews trying to come up with arguments as to why the two terms should not be the same thing rather than why they should. When it comes to what seems to be the perceived difference between the two terms it became pretty clear that the science students in large part were not familiar with the term joniserande strålning at all, even though they have studied the subject in school. Radioaktiv strålning was the term they felt best fit the subject at hand. Radioaktiv strålning was seen as negative and was connected to nuclear disasters or atomic bombs. Using the little information the interviewees seemed to know about joniserande strålning it seemed to be more neutral and also perceived as more scientific. While radioaktiv strålning was dangerous and cancerous, the interviewees could not agree on whether joniserande strålning was more or less dangerous or what it was physically. In the end many ended up stating that the two terms might be categories to each other where many guessed that joniserande strålning was a kind of radioaktiv strålning. In the discussion I propose what might set these two terms apart and argue that they might not actually be synonymous. In the end a discussion is held regarding how we can improve the education around ionizing radiation. I promote more education regarding the history between society and nuclear physics as a way to make students understand what connects these two terms and how they differ from each other.