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Kunskap om trafikstrategiskt arbete : Födjupningsdokument till Handbok för trafikstrategiskt arbete
No full textDenna publikation utgör den första utgåvan av en ny generation underlag som avses utgöra ett stöd inom trafikstrategiskt arbete. Det är ett stödmaterial till ”Handbok för trafikstrategiskt arbete” som 2022 ersatte handboken ”Trafik för en attraktiv stad” (TRAST). Grunden utgörs av de olika fördjupningar som under många år togs fram för att stödja arbetet inom TRAST. Det var fördjupningar som togs fram i samverkan mellan Boverket, Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner och Trafikverket. Dessa fördjupningar har nu bearbetats och delats upp i två dokument. Det ena är detta dokument ”Kunskap om trafikstrategiskt arbete”, där det material samlats som ger bakgrundskunskap i det trafikstrategiska arbetet. Det andra är ”Metoder i trafikstrategiskt arbete”, där det material finns som beskriver olika metoder i det trafikstrategiska arbetet. Arbetet har utförts av Sophie Augustsson, Emilia Franzén, Lina Thölix och Mathias Wärnhjelm på Trafikverket. Trafikverket ansvarar för förvaltning. Målsättningen är att med jämna mellanrum se över, uppdatera och förnya dessa två publikationer. Notera även att en av bilagorna i denna publikation anger vilka tidigare fördjupningar som nu ersätts
Child-to-Parent Violence in Sweden : Validation of the Abusive Behavior by Children- Indices (ABC-I) and the Prevalence of Abusive Behavior
No full textPurpose Child-to-parent violence (CPV) is an increasingly important social issue, with most research concentrated in a few countries, highlighting a need for more research on the subject. In this study, we therefore validate the Swedish version of the Abusive Behavior by Children-Indices (ABC-I), a self-report tool with subscales for verbal aggression, coercive behavior, and physical aggression. We also explore the prevalence of CPV among Swedish adolescents. Methods Using data from a self-report survey conducted among a stratifed sample of adolescents in southern Sweden (N=5310; 53.2% female; Mage=16.17, SD=1.6), we validated the three-component structure of the ABC-I using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). We also analyzed diferences in the prevalence of various types of abuse and aggression by sons and daughters against mothers, fathers, or either parent using Pearson’s chi-square test. Results The Swedish version of the ABC-I shows predictive and concurrent validity in capturing CPV across genders and age groups, although caution is advised when interpreting the verbal aggression scale. The overall prevalence of any form of abusive behavior toward parents was 15% (5% for physical abuse, 4% for verbal abuse, 11% for coercive behavior). Violence against mothers was more common than against fathers, with daughters being more aggressive and abusive, particularly toward mothers. Conclusions We argue that the Swedish version of the ABC-I constitutes a valuable tool for assessing CPV. The relatively high prevalence of overall CPV underscores the need for further research in order to develop efective prevention strategies and interventions.FundingOpen access funding provided by Malmö University. This research was supported by a grant from Forte, the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare.</p
Sex Buyer : A critical discourse analysis of power relations and motives
No full textSyftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur sexköpare formulerar sig om prostituerade, sexköp och motiven bakom, med fokus på maktrelationer, sociala normer och diskurser som skapas och upprätthålls genom språket. Studien utgick från Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys och radikalfeministisk teori. Empirin samlades in från sexköpstrådar på Flashback Forum och analyserades utifrån implicita och explicita drag i diskurserna samt deras relation till maktstrukturer och normer. Analysen identifierade tre centrala diskursordningar: diskurser om sexköp, diskurser om de som säljer sex och motiven bakom sexköpet. Resultaten visade att sexköparnas språk ofta präglades av en marknadsdiskurs, där sexköpet beskrevs som en ekonomisk transaktion och rättfärdigades med kärleksrelationer som också påstods kosta pengar. Kvinnor som säljer sex framställdes antingen som självständiga aktörer, vars syfte var att uppfylla männens behov eller som varor vars värde bedömdes utifrån utseende och prestation. De motiv som framträdde var främst kopplade till sexköparens självförverkligande syfte. Studien belyser hur språket kan reproducera eller utmana maktstrukturer, vilket är centralt för socialt arbete och för utvecklingen av insatser som syftar till att motverka könsrelaterad utsatthet.The purpose of this study was to examine how sex buyers articulate their views on prostitutes, sex purchases, and the underlying motives, with a focus on power relations, social norms, and discourses created and maintained through language. The study was based on Fairclough's critical discourse analysis and radical feminist theory. The empirical data was collected from sex purchase threads on the Flashback Forum and analyzed based on implicit and explicit features in the discourses, as well as their relation to power structures and norms. The analysis identified three central discourse orders: discourses about sex purchases, discourses about those who sell sex, and the motives behind sex purchases. The results showed that the language of sex buyers was often characterized by a market discourse, where the sex purchase was described as an economic transaction and justified through comparisons to romantic relationships, which were also claimed to incur costs. Women selling sex were portrayed either as independent actors aiming to fulfill men's needs or as commodities whose value was assessed based on appearance and performance. The motives that emerged were primarily linked to the sex buyer's pursuit of self-fulfillment. The study highlights how language can reproduce or challenge power structures, which is essential for social work and for developing interventions aimed at counteracting gender-related vulnerability
Det gängrelaterade skjutvapenvåldet – en kunskapsöversikt : Dynamiken bakom skjutvapenvåldet och en orientering i varför det skjuts mer sällan i Jönköping
No full textThis report combines a systematic literature review with an exploratory interview study to examine why the municipality of Jönköping, Sweden, experiences relatively low levels of gang-related firearm violence compared to other similarly sized cities. Conducted within a three-year municipal research initiative, the study supports ongoing local development efforts in four priority areas: Huskvarna Söder, Råslätt, Österängen, and Öxnehaga. The literature review synthesizes current research on structural and social factors that influence gang formation and firearm violence, such as inequality, segregation, and collective identity formation through violence. Additionally, the review presents individual risk factors for gang involvement and gun violence. It also outlines evidence-based interventions—including group violence reduction strategies, public health approaches, and functional family therapy—that have demonstrated positive results internationally. To complement these findings, six interviews were conducted with strategically selected stakeholders engaged in Jönköping’s crime prevention and youth collaboration efforts. Interviewees emphasized the importance of the municipality’s long-standing, trust-based collaborative frameworks and targeted support for at-risk youths. They also highlighted the role of a strong civil society and high community engagement as protective factors. Comparative data suggest that Jönköping’s relatively low levels of segregation and socioeconomic inequality further contribute to its resilience. The report concludes by recommending future research into how local criminal ecosystems may influence gang dynamics and help stabilize levels of violence
Geological carbon storage site characterization using a dual element seismic recording technology
No full textGeologic carbon storage in saline acquirers is a feasible and scalable way of reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Since 2022, Denmark has stepped up site characterization at five suitable onshore locations for this purpose with a particular focus on four-way domal structures. A dual-element recording system incorporating landstreamer and wireless recorders was innovated and upscaled in a cost- and time-effective way for this purpose at the R & oslash;dby structure (one of the five sites). The dual-element recording allows a better imaging of the near-surface structures but also because of its broadband nature, it helps to retain higher resolution for imaging toplap structures and smaller faults in the area. The landstreamer data better image fault structures offsetting the Bunter Sandstone Formation, which is the primary reservoir, and the overlying geological seals such as Fjerritslev, & Oslash;rslev and Falster Formations. The Vedsted Formation, which a secondary seal in the region, appears unfaulted in the landstreamer data. The landstreamer data also reveal glacial valleys, near the surface, which are a source of groundwater. The two complementary datasets, from the landstreamer and nodal data, help to de-risk geological carbon storage in Denmark and is a solution we recommend to be adapted for onshore sites elsewhere in the world specially where the logistical acquisition challenges are not significant
Unpacking social capital in University–Industry Collaborations: Pathways to cross-industry knowledge sharing
No full textThis study investigates the role of University–Industry Collaboration (UIC) in enabling cross-industry knowledge sharing, focusing on the implications of structural social capital within these collaborations. Through a multiple case study involving three distinct UIC structures, we explore how the nature of these collaborations, whether research-focused or networking-focused, influences cross-industry knowledge sharing. Our findings reveal that research-focused UIC, characterized by formal and structured interactions, primarily leverages cognitive social capital to abstract and disseminate knowledge across industries. Conversely, networking-focused UIC, which operates through informal and less-structured channels, relies mainly on relational social capital to foster direct, trust-based knowledge sharing between industries. We identify key enablers and distinctions in these UIC structures, illustrating how they shape cross-industry knowledge sharing. Specifically, we propose a conceptual model, highlighting the mediating role of social capital dimensions and the moderating effects of interest and funding. This model offers new insights into the relationship between structural social capital and cross-industry knowledge sharing in UIC. From a managerial perspective, our study suggests that whether firms engaged in UIC can leverage UIC structures for cross-industry knowledge sharing largely comes down to their own strategical development and management of social capital. From a policy perspective, our study suggests that augmenting already existing policy toward cross-regional knowledge sharing by considering aspects of networking-focused UIC and cross-industrial knowledge sharing, could leverage gains from UIC.Funding Agencies|Erik Johnsson's Foundation</p
nc-MeB2/a-MPEA structured (HfMoNbZr)xTi1-xBy films for enhanced hardness, toughness and tribological performance
No full textThis study demonstrated the composite concept to precisely control the grain boundary composition to address TiB2 films inherent brittleness. Such concept was realized by combining high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) with direct current magnetron sputtering (dcMS). By employing an HfMoNbZr-HiPIMS/TiB2- dcMS co-sputtering configuration, we successfully replaced the B in the grain boundaries with a B-containing amorphous multi-principal element alloy (MPEA). The results showed that TiB2 film deposited by dcMS alone typically had an overstoichiometric composition, with a B/Ti ratio of 2.96, and a relatively low hardness (H) of 26.6 +/- 1.2 GPa. In contrast, the formation of a nanocomposite structure (nc-MeB2/a-MPEA, i.e., nanocrystalline MeB2 (Me = HfMoNbZrTi) embedded in an amorphous MPEA matrix), with MeB2 in-plane grain sizes ranging from 2 to 5 nm, increased the hardness to 41.8 +/- 3.7 GPa, while also enhancing indentation fracture toughness and reducing wear rate. This strengthening mechanism was attributed to lattice distortion within the MeB2 grains and the suppression of grain boundary sliding by the MPEA. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the higher bulk modulus (B) /shear modulus (G) ratio of the TM 0.44 Ti 0.56 B 2 (TM = HfMoNbZr) solid solution compared to TiB2 suggested that the brittleness of the TM 0.44 Ti 0.56 B 2 solid solution was lower. This study paves a way for the structure design of diborides for various applications.Funding Agencies|National Natural Science Foundation of China [52165021, 51805102]; SINOMACH [JG04KF0202301]; Guizhou University Cultivation Project [25]; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/X52573X/1]; Swedish Research Council VR International Postdoc Grant [2022-00213]; SuPro Instruments Co., Ltd.; Ionautics AB; State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data at Guizhou University</p
Tailoring the Electrocatalytic Activity and Corrosion Resistance of CoCrFeNi and MnCrFeNi Thin Films by Anodization
No full textTransition metal oxides like Co, Ni, and Mn are promising alternatives to noble metals such as Pt for oxygen electrocatalysis in green energy. Alloying these metals forms multicomponent catalysts with compelling properties. In this study, CoCrFeNi and MnCrFeNi thin films are synthesized using High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) and their catalytic activity for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR), the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER), and corrosion resistance in 1 molar (1 M) potassium hydroxide (KOH) are evaluated. MnCrFeNi films exhibit a fine-grained single face-centered cubic (FCC) phase, while CoCrFeNi films have larger grains and multiple phases. ORR on CoCrFeNi follows a 2+1 electron transfer pathway, producing hydroxide radicals, while MnCrFeNi exhibits a 2-electron pathway, yielding hydrogen peroxide. Anodization reduces the CoCrFeNi overpotential from 0.9 to 0.5 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), comparable to platinum and iridium catalysts (Pt/C, Ir/C). Anodization also shifts CoCrFeNi ORR to a 2-electron pathway. In situ Raman spectroscopy detects no ORR intermediates, but nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) appears during OER. Substituting Mn for Co increases corrosion resistance by raising the corrosion potential. All films show passive behavior during polarization, demonstrating their potential for corrosion protection and electrocatalysis in green energy applications.Funding Agencies|Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA) [2022-03071, 2019-04881, 2016-05156]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Advanced Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009 00971]</p
Ligand-limited oxidation of ciprofloxacin by Mn(III)
No full textMn(III) species play critical roles in determining the environmental fate of antibiotics released into natural systems. However, their reactivity is strongly influenced by complexation reactions with (in)organic ligands. This study investigates the impact of Mn(III) complexation with pyrophosphate (PP), a model environmental ligand, on the redox-driven degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP), a widely used antibiotic and environmental contaminant. Spectroscopic analysis and thermodynamic modeling revealed that Mn(III)-PP complexes initially dissociate into MnOH2+ species, which can then disproportionate and form MnO2 colloids. Both dissociation and disproportionation reactions had comparable trends at pH 4 and 7, with reactivities that were strongly dependent on Mn(III):PP ratios. The progress of CIP oxidation following direct coordination with Mn compounds over time was sigmoidal, with an initial lag phase attributed to Mn(III)-PP complex dissociation and disproportionation. CIP degradation was predominantly governed by pH, with maximal rate constants decreasing from k = 0.390 h−1 at pH 3 to k = 0.065 h−1 at pH 5, and no CIP removal under circumneutral to alkaline conditions. Cyclic voltammetry also confirmed that the strongly pH-dependent redox potential of the Mn(III)/Mn(II) couple aligned with facile CIP oxidation under acidic conditions. These collective findings indicated that ligand complexation, such as with PP, enhanced Mn(III) stability and mitigated dissociation and disproportionation reactions. The new insight provided by this work on the speciation and redox activity of Mn(III) should thereby be considered for understanding ciprofloxacin degradation in contaminated water systems