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Accelerating small and medium sized tourism enterprises' engagement with climate change
No full textSmall and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) within the tourism sector play crucial yet often underestimated roles in climate change mitigation, contributing to approximately half of the sector's greenhouse gas emissions. Although the existing literature has examined barriers to climate change action and potential drivers for the involvement of small firms, these aspects have not been comprehensively explored within the context of tourism. The article addresses this gap by conducting a narrative review that analyzes 78 papers and reports published on the topic. The results substantiate a differentiation among barriers, pressures, and incentives. Barriers encompass aspects related to knowledge and personality, understanding and perceptions, management, data, finances, technology, legislation, and community. Pressures originate from costs, customer expectations, and compliance. Incentives manifest in economic considerations, subsidies, marketing strategies, staff benefits, and community advantages. The findings are synthesized into a series of conceptualizations, offering pathways for progress on mitigation. Findings emphasize the significance of legislation and efforts of destination management organizations for accelerating SME engagement with climate change
Sweden: Heaven or Hell : A Comparative Analysis of Documentary Techniques
No full textThis thesis examines the construction and perception of authenticity in documentaries through a comparative analysis of Sweden: Trouble in Paradise? (1961) and Sweden: Heaven and Hell (1968). Both films, aired on Swedish television, portray Sweden's societal and cultural landscape but employ markedly different stylistic approaches and narrative techniques, leading to contrasting audience receptions. Drawing on documentary theory, including Bill Nichols' modes and concepts of authenticity, the study interrogates how conventions such as narration, cinematography, interviews, and re-enactments shape viewer perceptions of truth and reality. While Sweden: Trouble in Paradise? adheres to traditional expository documentary norms with neutral narration and factual presentations, Sweden: Heaven and Hell embodies the mondo genre's sensationalist tendencies, utilizing provocative narration and staged sequences to evoke emotional reactions. This comparative approach reveals the role of production context, audience expectations, and stylistic conventions in the contested boundaries between documentary and fiction. By exploring the films’ differing receptions in Sweden, this thesis underscores the dynamic and subjective nature of documentary authenticity and its implications for genre classification and audience trust
The importance of weight : A study on overweight and stigmatization – when the bodybecomes a social problem.
No full textTidigare forskning visar att viktstigma är ett väldokumenterat fenomen som kan påverka överviktiga individer och deras levnadsvillkor. Detta kan få konsekvenser i allt från sjukvård till negativ representation i media. Mot denna bakgrund undersöker denna studie hur personer med övervikt eller tidigare överviktiga upplever den typen av stigmatisering. Studien baseras på både kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod, i en så kallad triangulering för att stärka studien och ge djupare insikt. Det empiriska materialet samlades in genom en enkätundersökning som distribuerades via sociala medier. Det kvalitativa materialet analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. De kvantitativa svaren presenteras i form av deskriptiv statistik. Empirin analyseras med teoretiska ramverken stigma och socialkonstruktivism som utgångspunkt. Tre centrala teman framkom i det kvalitativa materialet: internaliserat stigma, social utsatthet och samhällsnormer. Resultatet visar att många respondenter upplever att deras kroppar bedöms utifrån och kopplas till negativa egenskaper utan ordentlig grund. Konsekvenserna blir negativ självkänsla och utanförskap vilket tyder på behov av förståelse och respekt i sociala sammanhang. Studiens resultat är att viktstigma är en komplex social process som kan påverka människors självbild och livsvillkor. Socialt arbete har en viktig roll i att synliggöra dessa normer och verka för ett mer inkluderande och rättvist bemötande. Fortsatt forskning behövs inom ämnet viktstigma och dess konsekvenser samt åtgärder.
Humanitarian action : A moral economic periodization of famine relief
No full textThe history of humanitarian efforts in times of famine and other emergencies has become a vibrant field of academic study, but there have been few attempts to delineate chronological patterns. This chapter seeks to contribute to a discussion by emphasizing societal factors (including culture, media structures, and economics) to a greater extent than research has hitherto. It illustrates its argument with three cases of famine relief in different periods, geographical locations, and political circumstances: the Great Irish Famine of the 1840s, the famine in Soviet Russia in 1921–1923, and the famine in Ethiopia in the mid-1980s. Through these examples, this research takes a fresh look at humanitarian appeals, the allocation of relief, and aid accounts through the concept of moral economy. This chapter identifies three distinct phases of humanitarian action, which are termed ad-hoc humanitarianism, organized humanitarianism, and expressive humanitarianism
Psychological responses to acute exercise in patients with stress-induced exhaustion disorder: a cross-over randomized trial
No full textBackground Understanding psychological responses to acute exercise, defined as a single bout of physical exercise, in clinical populations is essential for developing tailored interventions that account for the psychological benefits and challenges of exercise. Given its effectiveness in reducing symptoms in various psychological disorders, exercise should be further explored in Exhaustion Disorder ICD-10-SE: F43.8A (ED), characterized by persistent exhaustion following long-term psychosocial stress. Currently, no studies address the psychological responses to acute exercise in ED patients. Aims This study aims to (1) compare the psychological responses to acute exercise between ED patients and healthy controls and (2) assess response differences between low and moderate exercise intensities. Methods We conducted a two-armed cross-over trial comparing ED patients (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 30). Participants completed a 22-min exercise at low or moderate intensity on a cycle ergometer, on separate occasions, in randomized order. The primary outcome was perceived fatigue (POMS); secondary outcomes included feelings of energy, anxiety, stress, exertion, and psychological discomfort, measured before, during, and up to 24 h post-exercise. Exercise effects were assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results ED patients reported higher levels of exertion, psychological discomfort, fatigue, anxiety, and stress but lower energy throughout the trial compared to controls. Unlike controls, the ED group showed significant fatigue and stress reductions post-exercise (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, ED patients showed a more elevated energy after moderate-intensity exercise compared to controls (p &lt; 0.05). Both groups experienced anxiety reductions post-exercise, with no group interactions over time. No differences were observed between pre- and 6 or 24 h post-exercise in any variables. The only intensity effect (p &lt; 0.05) in the ED patients was a more pronounced energy decline 30 min after moderate-intensity exercise. Conclusions A 22-min exercise session was perceived as more strenuous by patients with exhaustion disorder (ED) and generated greater improvements in feelings of fatigue, energy, and stress compared to healthy individuals without delayed negative effects. These findings highlight the specific psychological responses in ED to exercise and can inform intervention design tailored specifically to this population. Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered on 05/30/2024 at Clinical Trials.gov, with trial registration number 2022-04943-01.Funding Agencies|Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences; Knowledge Foundation [GIH 2021/8]</p
Women's desire to have a midwife they know during labor and birth has increased significantly over time
No full textBACKGROUND: In Sweden, women often meet with different midwives during antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care, due to the structure of maternity care, with few alternatives which provide continuity. This study aims to explore women's interest in having a midwife they know present during labor and birth and to identify the characteristics of women who prefer this option. METHODS: A comparative study was conducted involving two Swedish nationwide cohorts of Swedish-speaking pregnant women. The first cohort included 3,061 women, and the second 1,812 women. Descriptive statistics and odds ratios were calculated. RESULTS: In total, 4,873 pregnant women completed the survey. Most participants were aged 25-35 years, living with a partner, and born in Sweden. Interest in having a midwife they know increased from 53% in 1999 to 76% in 2024. Key factors associated with this preference included primiparity (OR 3.80; 95% CI 3.27-4.40), being pregnant in 2024 (OR 3.21; 2.70-3.86), being born outside Sweden (OR 2.73; 2.11-3.54), and fear of birth (OR 2.03; 1.56-2.63). CONCLUSIONS: Interest in having a known midwife during childbirth has grown significantly in Sweden, highlighting the need for policy changes that promote awareness and expand this option for women
The Support Needs Approach for Patients (SNAP) : Content validity and response processes from the perspective of patients and nurses in Swedish specialised palliative home care
No full textBACKGROUND: The Support Needs Approach for Patients (SNAP) enables patients to reflect on, identify and prioritise their own support needs from a holistic perspective and enable tailored support. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the content validity and response processes for the Swedish version of the SNAP Tool among patients with life-threatening illness and palliative care needs, and registered nurses (RN) in specialized palliative home care services. METHODS: This was a two-stage validation study: (I) translation of the original English version of the SNAP Tool into Swedish, and (II) examination of content validity for patients and RNs in specialized palliative home care, and response processes among the patients. Cognitive interviews were conducted with patients (n=11) and focus groups with RNs (n=10). Data were, in stage II, analysed for relevance, clarity, and sensitivity. RESULTS: The translation process identified a few differences in wordings that were thoroughly debated to retain the meaning of the questions. Both patients and RNs considered the Swedish version of the SNAP Tool relevant to the palliative care context and its questions clear and easy to understand. Patients believed that their responses on the tool could be helpful in providing a clear structure for conversations and present a picture of their individual support needs. There were just a few considerations about sensitivity of questions from the patients' perspectives and the RNs felt that some of the questions may need to be handled with care. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the Swedish version of the SNAP Tool has good coverage of Swedish patients' support needs, and that the questions are perceived as intended. This indicates that the SNAP Tool effectively captures a wide range of support needs and aligns with its intended purpose. The tool is appropriate for specialized palliative home care and allows the SNAP intervention to be made available to this group of patients
IT Governance Influence on Digital Transformation
No full textDigital transformation has become a strategic imperative for incumbent companies facing digital disruptions, regulatory changes, competition from digital-born firms, and evolving customer behavior. However, many organizations fail to fully realize its potential due to governance-related challenges. Traditional information technology (IT) governance mechanisms are often seen as insufficient in the digital era, prompting the need for more agile and adaptive approaches. This research investigates how ambidextrous IT governance mechanisms influence digital transformation and organizational performance, focusing on large Indonesian banking and insurance companies. The study offers five main contributions: (1) identifying IT governance mechanisms that influence digital transformation through a systematic literature review; (2) validating and contextualizing these mechanisms for the Indonesian financial sector through expert consensus, a case study, and surveys; (3) demonstrating the positive influence of ambidextrous IT governance mechanisms on organizational performance, fully mediated by digital transformation; (4) providing seven key ambidextrous IT governance mechanisms for successful digital transformation, drawn from the case of a leading Indonesian bank; and (5) proposing a framework of prioritized actions to help Indonesian banking and insurance companies establish IT governance mechanisms that support successful digital transformation. Together, these contributions enrich the knowledge base by identifying essential ambidextrous IT governance mechanisms that influence digital transformation and organizational performance. Additionally, the study offers practical implications for banking and insurance companies embarking on digital transformation journeys
Treatment decision-making and treatment experiences in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
No full textBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: For the most advanced stage of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), several life-prolonging treatments have become available over the past decade. Treatment decision-making (TDM) and experiences in this phase are yet to be studied. Hence, this study aimed to describe men's satisfaction with TDM and treatment experiences during the first 12 months of a life-prolonging treatment of mCRPC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 104 men with mCRPC who started and remained on the same life-prolonging treatment for 12 months. They received a questionnaire on TDM, treatment experiences, and well-being every 3 months. Correlation analyses explored associations between satisfaction with TDM at baseline and treatment experiences and well-being over time. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: The participants (median age: 77 years) generally reported high satisfaction with physician- and nurse communication and confidence/trust at baseline (>55% reported the highest satisfaction in all questions), but lower satisfaction with communication regarding how the treatments could affect them - up to 40% reported not having talked about that at all. Treatment experiences and physical- and emotional well-being remained stable over time. Associations were found between satisfaction with TDM at baseline and how they rated the treatment as a whole at six months, and well-being at six and 12 months. In mCRPC, men's TDM preferences need to be explored, and shared decision-making needs to be facilitated when considering treatment. Furthermore, clinicians need to discuss how the treatment might affect patients' everyday lives when discussing life-prolonging treatments with them
Creating logistics service value in construction - a quest of coordinating modules in a loosely coupled system
No full textLogistics plays a crucial role in the construction industry due to its numerous actors, frequent transportation needs, significant community impact, and high level of variability. However, there is a lack of awareness among actors regarding the importance of logistics and how it can create value. The purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding of the logistics service value co-creation process in construction. Methodologically, the study uses interviews involving third-party logistics (TPL) providers, main contractors, and subcontractors. Service blueprinting is employed to visualise logistics services within a construction logistics setup (CLS). It was found that in a loosely coupled system like construction, value co-creation is driven by trust and commitment, allowing the necessary time for learning. Service blueprinting helps visualise the connection between service design and the value of different service modules. However, risks include delayed actor involvement downstream the supply chain and potential lack of coordination between service modules, especially with multiple TPL providers. A contribution to the logistics service literature is that modularisation makes it easier to design the service content; however, the number of actors may increase. Hence, the modularisation simplifies the service content but not the service value creation or the value co-creation process.Funding Agencies|Swedish Transport Administration through Triple F</p