Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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The Effect of Phosphorus and Potassium on the Growth and Quality of Viola (Viola cornuta L.) Seed Production
Get PDFViola cornuta L. is an ornamental plant that is primarily propagated by high-quality seeds that have high demand in subtropical countries. The use of fertilizers according to recommendations results in the growth of parent plants below the standard. Furthermore, seed production is generated below 2 g per plant and the seed germination capacity is below 80%. In addition, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrients can increase the growth and seed production of the plants, including ornamental plants. The study aimed to determine the influence of P and K nutrients on growth and seed production of V. cornuta L. Research was carried out in November 2018 - January 2019 at PT. Selektani Horticulture, Ngablak, Magelang. There were seven treatments with four replications. Experiments were arranged according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Plants were grown in 5l volume-polybags. Fertilization was done by watering the planting media. Analysis of variance was performed at 95% accuracy. The study shows that P and K nutrients have a highly significant effect on height, number of flowers, number of seed per capsule, seed production and germination energy and significantly affected the number of leaves. The addition of both P and K fertilizers in the vegetative and P in the generative stage (P6) can result in the productivity of 3.28 g plant-1 and produce germination energy ≥90%. It is recommended for increasing growth and seed production
The Customer Satisfaction Analysis of Community based Agrotourism in Yogyakarta
Get PDFSeveral kinds of agro-tourism are managed by the community and by the private sector. However, if agro-tourism is managed by the community, can it give satisfaction to the visitors? This study aims to determine the level of customer satisfaction by Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and to investigate what marketing mix attributes should be improved by IPA-Kano integration analysis. The research method used was a quantitative research on community-based Salak (Salacca zalacca) Agro-tourism in each category of tourism village, namely ’growing’, ‘developing’ and ‘independent’ tourism village categories. The measurement of visitor satisfaction used the marketing mix attributes of 7Ps (price, place, product, promotion, process, people and physical evidence). Based on the results of CSI, the services provided by the community-based salak agro-tourism manager are considered ‘Satisfied’ in the Growing and Developing agro-tourisms and ‘Very Satisfied’ in the Independent agro-tourism. Priority attributes that should be improved are attributes included in the ‘Fatal’ category. Priority attributes in ‘growing’ agro-tourism are the marketing activities (publicity), availability and cleanliness toilet. Priority attributes in ‘developing’ agro-tourism are marketing activities (promotion), availability and cleanliness of toilets. Priority attributes in ‘independent’ agro-tourism are availability and cleanliness of toilets
Effects of Planting Time and Cultivar on Leaf Physiology and Seed Yield of Soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merr)
Get PDFThe use of adaptive soybean cultivars with appropriate planting time on dry land can enhance the improvement of soybean growth and yield. This study aimed to determine changes in leaf physiological character and soybean yield as affected by different planting time and superior soybean cultivars. The experiment was conducted on the dry land of Inceptisol in Gunungkidul from November 2018 to March 2019. The experiment was arranged in a Split Plot Design with the main plot arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three (3) replications. The main plots consisted of three planting times, i.e. early planting time–Pranoto Mongso, midldle planting time–Farmer Method and late planting–Katam Terpadu. The subplots consisted of four soybean cultivars, namely Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, Grobogan and Dega-1. The fertilizers used were organic fertilizer (2 t ha-1), Urea (50 kg ha-1) and KCl (50 kg ha-1). The results showed that the treatment of planting time and cultivar could increase leaf physiological activity, particularly the number of leaves, total leaf area, leaf area index and plant growth rate. Early planting time–Pranoto Mongso and middle planting time–Farmers Method produced higher plant dry weight (20.11 g; 24.21 g) and seed yields per plant (29.11 g; 26.75 g) than late planting (Katam Terpadu) did (20.30 g). Meanwhile, cultivar Dega-1 had higher seed yields per plant (30.11 g) than cultivar Grobogan (28.39 g), Argomulyo (23.35 g) and Anjasmoro (19.79 g) did
Relationship between Population and Intensity of Cassava Mealybug (Phenacoccus manihoti) Attack on Flores Island
Get PDFThis study was conducted to obtain population data and damage due to the attack of Phenacoccus manihoti Cassava mealybug pest on cassava plantations on Flores Island. This research was carried out in Ende Regency, Sikka Regency and Nagekeo Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province (NTT). The research was conducted in October 2017. Method used in this research was descriptive method with direct observation and sampling. Cassava plants that were observed included plants that grew as fences, yard plants and those in farmers’ gardens with an area of ± 0.5 ha. The variables observed included population abundance and crop damage intensity in all locations of cassava plantations. The average population of Phenacoccus manihoti in each regencyis 131.12 individuals plant-1 in Sikka Regency, 36.95 individuals plant-1 in Nagekeo Regency and 6.4 individuals plant-1 in Ende Regency. Phenacoccus manihoti pest attack intensity in each observation location in the three Regencieson Flores Island is mild to moderate, namely 43.3% in Sikka Regency; 20% in Ende Regency and 22% in Nagekeo Regency. Damage intensity is influenced by cassava mealybug population 15% and other factors 85%
Conventional and Mixed Model Approach to Estimate Heterosis of the Growth Traits in Boer Goat’s Crossbred Offspring Populations
Get PDFHeterosis is often utilized as a success indicator in a crossbreeding program. It is defined as the deviation of the crossbred means relative to their parental breeds. Heterosis mechanism is highly dependent on the genetic factors and thus, we incorporated genetic information in its estimation. The objective of this article was to compare heterosis estimated with conventional and mixed model approaches. In total, phenotypes of 3804 individuals were recorded. Data were obtained from a crossbreeding experiment involving Boer bucks and Jawarandu does. Observed traits were birth weight, weaning weight and average daily gain. Conventional and mixed model methods were used to estimate the heterosis. The heterosis values (%) between B×B vs B×J, estimated with conventional method were -11.38, -10.51 and -10.39; with mixed model were -6.23, -9.27 and -9.68 for BW, WW and ADG respectively. Heterosis values in B×(B×J) relative to B×B, estimated with conventional method were -6.16, -10.35 and -11.69; whereas with mixed model were -8.01, -10.82 and -9.14 for BW, WW and ADG respectively. Conventional method tends to underestimate the means phenotype with lower standard errors compared to mixed model analysis results in all traits. Conventional method also introduces biased heterosis estimates compared to the mixed model. Conventional method ignores any potential effects in the estimation procedures; whereas mixed model approach incorporates all the systematic and random effect including family relationship information. Thus, mixed model produced more reliable results in genetic parameters estimation. We recommend employing mixed model analysis in estimating heterosis
Trend Analyses of Temperature and Rainfall and Their Response to Global CO2 Emission in Masha, Southern Ethiopia
Get PDFEthiopia is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change and often signifies higher probabilities of droughts that have historically affected millions of farmers. The variability in rainfall patterns and drought have disrupted crop production and exacerbated food insecurity in many parts of Ethiopia. This study aimed to investigate seasonal and annual temperature and rainfall trends and their association to the global CO2 emission. Temperature and rainfall data obtained from the Masha meteorological station and CO2 from EDGAR 4.3.2 dataset recorded for 36 years. The Linear regression model was used to analyse seasonal temperature and rainfall trends. Pearson’s correlation coefficient employed to measure the relationship between temperature and rainfall and global CO2 emission. The results showed that there were significant warming trends of seasonal and annual mean temperatures while summer season and annual rainfall significantly declined. The prediction results showed that the summer and annual mean temperatures would be significantly increased while the rainfall decreased for the next 35 years. The cumulative global CO2 and annual mean temperature and rainfall were correlated significantly at P = 0.0004 and 0.006 for temperature and rainfall, respectively. The results demonstrated clearly that the increasing of temperature and the decreasing of rainfall had a direct relationship with the global CO2 emissions and suggested that there should be a sound soil and water management, short season seed supply and pipe irrigation practices to reduce the future crop damage in the area
Identification of Agricultural Activities and Soil Fertility in the Cultivation Area of Nuabosi Cassava
Get PDFThe low soil fertility is one of the causes of the reduction in cassava production in the Nuabosi area of Ende Regency. Therefore it is necessary to identify soil fertility and farmer activities on the land. This research used survey system by takes soil samples and farmers from ten fields in five villages, namely Ndetundora I, Ndetundora II, Ndetundora III, Embuteru and Randotonda. Determination of land were used purposive sampling method. Whereas farmer activity data is obtained by interviewing farmers whose land is used as land sampling. Variables observed were physical and chemical soil properties. The results of the analysis of agricultural activities can be described using existing theories. While the analysis results of the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be described using chemical criteria and soil fertility from the Bogor soil research center. The results of interviews and direct observations in the field showed that Nuabosi cassava farmers did not only plant cassava but also used conservative agricultural on their land. The physical properties of the soil analyzed showed that the soil was suitable for cassava plants. Based on soil fertility criteria, these lands have a limiting factor for C-Organic
Characteristic and Self-Life Test of Food Bar with Combination of White Millet, Snakehead Fish and Soy Flour
Get PDFEmergency food is needed when a disaster occurs. Emergency conditions encourage the provision of food that is ready to eat with sensory properties that can be accepted by the community, has sufficient nutrient content to meet the body's caloric needs and is resistant during storage. This study aims to obtain the best formulas of the food bar based on the parameters observed, namely sensory, chemical, total caloric, and aw as well as its shelf life estimation with the Accelerated Shelf Life Test. Food bar was made from white millet flour and fish koya that was made from snakehead fish and soy flour. Intermediate moisture food (IMF) applied in this study with the initial formulation was determined using mass equilibrium. The effectiveness test was used to determine the best formula based on all observed parameters. The results showed that the best food bar formula was formula F2, which has a chemical composition consisting of moisture content (20,99±0,21%); ash (3,45±0,35%); fat (18,10±0,13%); protein (12,24±0,28%); and carbohydrates (45,22±0.32%), aw (0,76±0,01); and total calories (per 50 g) was 232,04±1,96 kcal. The shelf life of food bar F2 was 19 days. Based on the results obtained, the total calories produced from the best formula have not met emergency food calorie standards
The Effectiveness of Rice for the Prosperous Population Program and Non-Cash Food Assistance (Case Study in Sikayu Village, Buayan Sub-district, Kebumen District)
Get PDFFood aid program policy is made to overcome poverty problem in Indonesia. This policy always changes year by year to improve the effectiveness of the program. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of Rice for the Prosperous Population Program (Bansos Rastra) and Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) in Sikayu Village, Buayan Sub-district, Kebumen District, Central Java Province with 6T indicators or 6 indicators of accuracy, including accurate on target, accurate on price, accurate on amount, accurate on time, accurate on quality and accurate on administration. The basic method of this research is descriptive method. The location of this research is determined intentionally. Sampling is done by purposive sampling technique. The analysis was carried out using the results criteria approach. The effectiveness of Bansos Rastra program is based on Bansos Rastra General Guidelines 2018, while the effectiveness measurement of BPNT program is based on BPNT General Guidelines 2018. The effectiveness of Bansos Rastra program, which is based on the achievement of the objectives according to Bansos Rastra General Guidelines 2018, is said to be ineffective as there is one out of the four points of purpose which is not achieved, namely the point of aid distribution conducted every month. The effectiveness of BPNT program in Sikayu Village based on the 6T indicator reaches 100% since all indicators have been fulfilled. The effectiveness of BPNT program based on the goals achivement is in accordance with BPNT General Guidelines 2018 which is said to be effective as all objectives have been achieved
GGE-Biplot Analysis for Soybean Varieties Suitability in an Agroforestry System based on Kayu Putih Stands
No full textThe existence of genotype and environment (G x E) interaction causes difficulty in selecting suitable varieties of soybean in an agroforestry system based on kayu putih stands. This study aimed to determine the suitability of adaptive, stable and high yield soybean varieties in an agroforestry system based on kayu putih stands by using GGE-Biplot analysis. The experiment was conducted from May to August 2018 at Menggoran Forest Resort, Playen District, Gunung Kidul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five block as replications. The first factor was soil type in Menggoran Forest Resort, consisting of Lithic Haplusterts, Vertic Haplustalfs and Ustic Endoaquerts. The second factor was soybean varieties, consisting of Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, Burangrang, Dering I, Devon I, Gema and Grobogan. The observation was carried out on seed dry weight of soybean per hectare. The data were analyzed using Combined Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with α = 5% and GGE-Biplot. Dering I was the most suitable varieties in an agroforestry system based on kayu putih stands and showed the mean of highest yield of 1.22 tons ha-1