Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
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Growth, Yield and Resistance Responses of Three Cultivars on True Seed Shallots to Twisted Disease with Salicylic Acid Application
Get PDFTwisted disease is one of the main diseases on shallot caused by Fusarium sp. One method to increase the resistance of shallot cultivars to the twisted disease can be performed by using True Seed Shallot (TSS) combining with a salicylic acid application. TSS is known as free pathogen. The objective of the research was to examine the effects of a salicylic acid application to the growth, yield and resistance responses of TSS on Tuktuk, Sanren and Lokananta cultivars to the twisted disease. The research was arranged in factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of two factors with three replications. The first factor included Tuktuk, Sanren and Lokananta cultivars and the second factor comprised salicylic acid applications (without salicylic acid and inoculation, without salicylic acid with inoculation, immersion treatment of salicylic acid with inoculation, spray treatment with inoculation as well as immersion and spray treatment with inoculation). The results showed that the application of salicylic acid in different treatments had the same effects on the growth, yield and resistance of TSS. An interesting result is found, in which the application of salicylic acid by immersing and spraying could reduce the incidence of twisted disease by 12.5% in TSS. Therefore, the application of salicylic acid by immersing and spraying can be one of the recommended twisted disease management
Climate Change-Induced Agricultural Drought over Moist-Cool and Moist-Warm Climatic Zones: A Case Study in Ale and Adami-Tulu Woredas, in Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia
Get PDFFrequency and intensity of drought have troubled sustainable agriculture and worsened food insecurity of Ethiopians. This study aimed to investigate climate change-induced agricultural drought over the moist-cool and moist-warm climatic zones, using historical precipitation and temperature data recorded in the crop growing months for 35 years. The changes of temperatures and precipitation were analyzed using Mann Kendall trend test. Agricultural drought indices were analyzed using R-model by withdrawing potential evapotranspiration from precipitation to determine the existing water balance. The values of drought indices were used to characterize the duration, severity, intensity and trends of agricultural drought. Results showed that the changes in maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation were significantly stronger in the Ale Woreda (P<0.05). However, minimum temperature and precipitation in Adami-Tulu did not noticeably change. The spatial drought events occurred more widely in Ale than in Adami Tulu. The events occurred 12 and 17 times with cumulative severity indices of 41.95 and 48.22 in Ale and Adami-Tulu, respectively. Agricultural drought intensities of the two districts were labeled as “severe” and “moderate dry”, for Ale and Adami-Tulu, respectively. The intensity of drought in Ale district significantly increased (P<0.05) and that in Adami-Tulu negligibly changed. Therefore, the study explicitly showed that more changes in temperature and precipitation aggravated agricultural drought in Ale than in Adami-Tulu more intensely and it is suggested that more attention shall be paid to Ale Woreda
Similarity and Phylogenetic Analysis of Herbicide-Resistant Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Biotypes
Get PDFMolecular approach as a herbicide-resistant agent detector is an initial solution before controlling of Eleusine indica weed. This review article is aimed to obtain the basic data of similarity and phylogenetic values among herbicide-resistant E. indica biotypes. This research used a descriptive analytical method. The analysis involved 14 nucleotide sequences of herbicide-resistant E.indica biotypes obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The nucleotide alignment of herbicide-resistant E. indica biotypes was conducted with ClustaLW using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) v. 5.05 software based on a method of neighbor-joining tree construct/test. The results showed that two nucleotides of 7,921 herbicide-resistant E. indica biotypes were homologous (sequence 1,231 and sequence 1,408). The similarity values among herbicide-resistant E. indica biotypes ranged from 0.00 to 1.19. The information of phylogenetic pattern is needed in the selection of the herbicides mode of action rotation in order to control herbicide-resistant E. indica biotypes
Decision Support System for Determining Mini Sugar Mill Location in Madura
Get PDFMadura has widely potential farming business of sugarcane and has enough raw material to build a mini sugar mill. Sugarcane is cultivated in Madura, particularly in four regencies, namely Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan and Sumenep. To decide the location of mini sugar mill in one of the regencies requires decision support system (DSS). This study aimed to determine the priority of mini sugar mill location in Madura. This research used primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected using questionnaires. Then, the results of evaluation from the experts, on the items of questions, were analyzed with analytical hierarchy process (AHP). This was accomplished using Expert Choice 2000 software. Analysis of the selection of mini sugar mill location considered six criteria, namely the land suitability level, existing infrastructure, the potential of raw materials, the availability of labor, social capital and institutions. The selected criteria were further classified into sub-criteria to clarify the definitions of operational criteria and facilitate assessment for respondents. The results show that social capital had the greatest influence on decision making, followed by the land suitability level and the potential of raw materials. The finding in this research is that the mini sugar mill location is given priority in Bangkalan Regency, Madura. The conclusion of this research is that AHP analysis can be used as a method to take accurate decision in determining the location of sugarcane factory in certain area of sugarcane farming business development
The Correlation and Regression Analysis of The Growth and Physiological Parameters: How Paclobutrazol Increases Bulb Yield on Three Cultivars of True Shallot Seed
Get PDFTrue Shallot Seed (TSS) is a planting material for shallots in the forms of seeds. It shows a visual appearance of the fresh green shoot even though in the harvest season. This condition indicates that TSS still has potential assimilates which should be optimized for bulbs formation. Paclobutrazol is increasing assimilate translocation from source to sink by activating the sucrose transporter enzyme and changing the phytohormones balance. The study aimed to find out how paclobutrazol increased bulb yield on TSS by analyzing the closeness in the relationship between and the influence of physiological property variables and growth analysis. The study was conducted at Gadjah Mada University experimental field, Yogyakarta, from September to November 2017. It was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The first factor included the paclobutrazol concentration (0, 15, 30 and 45 mg L-1), while the second one included TSS cultivars (Tuk Tuk, Sanren and Lokananta). Correlation and regression were used in the data analysis. The results revealed that paclobutrazol significantly affected the physiological properties and the growth of TSS, instead of cultivars. Regression analysis showed that the effect of the concentration of the applied paclobutrazol formed quadratic pattern, where most observed variables had a positive correlation with shallot productivity. Paclobutrazol increased bulb yield by maintaining shoot biomass duration (SBD) and chlorophyll content which had a positive and linear effect on plant growth rate (PGR). The PGR might increase bulb yield per planting hole and indirectly increase its productivity. Paclobutrazol application at 15-30 mg L-1 could be used to improve bulb yield in TSS
Modification of Media for Banana In Vitro Propagation with Foliar Fertilizer and Coconut Water in cv. Rajabulu
Get PDFThe use of foliar fertilizers and coconut water is potential; foliar fertilizer is the alternative medium and coconut water is the plant growth regulator (PGR) in the banana tissue culture. This study aimed to examine the ability of foliar fertilizer to substitute Murashige and Skoog (MS) media and coconut water as the main source of cytokine. There are two factors in this research. The first factor is the media, which consist of three levels, i.e. fully MS, ½ MS + ½ foliar fertilizer and fully foliar fertilizer. The second factor is the coconut water with four levels of concentration i.e. 50, 100, 150 and 200 ml l-1. The results show that fully formulated foliar fertilizer had not been able to substitute or even compete with a fully MS media, but conversely foliar fertilizer was used to substitute ½ MS media. This can be seen from the parameters of shoot length, leaf length, root number and root length with the highest yield that was found in MS media (8.7, 4.66, 3.33 and 3.23 cm). The 50-100 ml l-1 concentrations of coconut water showed the best results by giving a significant effect on the number of roots and root length. The acclimatization of plantlets in this study was nearly 100%, indicated by the formation of a complete organ
Estimation of Water Losses Through Evapotranspiration of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
Get PDFBatujai Reservoir locates in Batujai Village, Praya Barat, Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. It is the primary source of irrigation water supply for agriculture in Central Lombok District with an area of around 3,235 ha. The problem is the bloom of water hyacinth weed (Eichhornia crassipes), which can cause reservoir water loss through evapotranspiration, affecting the amount of water reservoir available for the dry season. The objective was to identify the area of cover and estimate water loss through water hyacinth evapotranspiration for the period 2013 – 2017. This study used a descriptive method by analysis of secondary data which were meteorological data and landsat-8 satellite imagery. Evapotranspiration analyzes use CROPWAT 8.0, monitoring water hyacinth cover using landsat–8 satellite imagery processed using ENVI 5.3 and ArcGIS 10.4 software. The results show that the spatial distribution of water hyacinth can be detected and mapped accurately with an overall classification accuracy of 84.11% – 97.04% using Landsat 8 data, with a kappa coefficient of 0.80 – 0.96. The area of water hyacinth cover ranges from 38,400 m2 – 2,158,500 m2, with a cover area of more than 20%, causing water loss above 8,000 m3 day-1, which occurred in April 2013, April 2015, April 2016, February 2015, May 2014, May 2016 and July 2016, in those months it was seen that the amount of water loss was greater. Therefore, it is needed to suppress the growth of water hyacinth, in maintaining reservoir water storage capacity to support a systems of sustainable agriculture
Physiological Response of Upland Rice Varieties to Furrow with Organic Matter on Agroforestry System with Kayu Putih (Melaleuca leucadendra L.)
Get PDFDrought is one of the major limitations in dry land cultivation. Drought affects plant physiology processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, mineral and water transportation, and transpiraton, briefly called drought stress. Drought stress can be avoided by managing environment. Furrow containing organic matter for rain fed rice has been the subject of many studies, with special emphasis on soil moisture. This research is aimed to know the effects of the furrow containing organic matter on physiological responses of several upland rice varieties on agroforestry system based on kayu putih (cajuput). The experimental design applied the strip plot design. The vertical factor is the furrow system of treatment consisting of 2 levels i.e. without furrow + without organic matter and furrow + organic matters. The horizontal factors are the upland rice varieties consisting of 3 varieties i.e. Situ Patenggang, Situ Bagendit and Ciherang. The collected data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) applying a level of significance α = 5%. Whenever significant differences among treatments were found, further analysis was carried out by applying the Tukey's HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) test α = 5% levels. The result shows that drought affects plant physiology and can be avoided by using furrow containing organic matters. Situ Patenggang with furrow containing organic matters has the higher physiology capability, it had photosynthesis 387.18 µmol CO2 per clump s-1, transpiration 3038.50 mg per clump per secondand CO2 721.11 mol CO2 clump per mol. There different plant requirements for Cu between varieties
The Effect of Spent Bleaching Earth Filler-Based NPK Fertilization on Proline, Growth and Yield of Maize
Get PDFSpent bleaching earth (SBE) is by-product of cooking oil processing industry of crude palm oil (CPO). Palm oil industry is growing every year, followed by population growth and consumption of cooking oil so that the greater volume of waste generates SBE. An innovation is needed to anticipate the problem of SBE waste in agricultural sector, dealing with a filler component in the production of NPK fertilizer additives. This study aims to determine proline response, growth and yield of the maize to fertilization NPK with SBE-based filler. The experiments used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with the treatments of NPK filler (15:15:15) consisting of BC (brown clay), SBE and DBE (deoiled bleaching earth) at a dose of 6 g polybag-1. The results showed that the use of SBE gave the same effect on plant height, leaf number, stem diameter and 100-seed weight, but the use of SBE could increase 61.15% of proline activity. SBE can substitute filler on the additional materials of NPK fertilizer
Pengaruh Penggunaan Daun Pepaya Sebagai Bahan Pakan dan Lama Penghentiannya Terhadap Performan dan Kualitas Daging Kambing Bligon
No full textAgricultural waste products used as livestock feed are rice straw, peanut straw, zea mays straw and others. Waste of pepaya’s estate can be used as feedstuff as well especially pepaya leaves. Small ruminants such as goats are able to adapt well with various available forages. Farmers in Borobudur District, Magelang Regency have fed their goats with pepaya leaves and according to them the goat can grow well, fat and healthy. However, there were information from consumers and goat slaughterers that the meat produced and its visceral organs especially liver were organoleptically unacceptable due to the bitter taste and the slightly greenish in colour. The experiment using 27 female bligon goat of about 6 month old with the average body weight of 13,9 ± 0,8 kg was carried out to find a good solution of the above problem. The goat were randomly divided into three group feeding treatments and fed with ration of R0 (control/without pepaya leaves consisting of 10% leaves of waru/Hibiscus tiliacus leaves, 15% leaves of jackfruit/ Artocarpus heterophyllus and 75% native grass), R1 (25% pepaya leaves and 75% native grass), and R2 (50% pepaya leaves and 50% native grass). After 10 weeks the feeding trial was stopped and then all goats were fed with R0 ration (pepaya’s feed withdrawal) for two weeks. Meanwhile three goats from each group were taken for slaughter (first slaughtering at week 0 of pepaya’s feed withdrawal). The second and third slaughtering were caried out at week 1 and week 2of pepaya’s feeding withdrawal. The data collected were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance of completely randomized design (bligon goat performances, chemical composition and physical quality of meat) and analysis of non parametric for the sensorial characteristics of meat, any differences among the treatments were further-tested using Duncan test (DMRT). The results showed that the ration containing pepaya leaves significantly influenced the final body weight (P<0.05) and feed consumption (P<0.01) of bligon goats but not their average daily gains and carcass percentages. Chemical composition of the meat of bligon goat was significantly influenced by pepaya leaves (P<0.05). Fat content of bligon goat meat significantly increased as the level of pepaya leaves in the ration increased. On the other hand, the fat would decrease as the pepaya’s withdrawal commencing (P<0.05). Pepaya leaves significantly decreased pH and water holding capacity of the meat (P<0.05) but it did not increase the tenderness. Pepaya leaves significantly caused bitter taste in the meat and the liver of bligon goat (P<0.05). The bitter taste of the meat and liver would gradually decrease as the pepaya’s withdrawal commencing (P<0.05). The conclusion of the experiment was that pepaya leaves could be used as part of the bligon goat ration without affecting the performances of the animals, however, the pepaya’s feeding should be stopped as least two weeks before slaughtering to eliminate the bitter taste from the meat and liver of the bligon goat