Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro
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Load Forecasting in the Context of Global Covid-19 Vaccination Using Facebook Prophet
Full text linkForecasting the electrical energy load is a very important initial stage in the operation of the electricity system so that the system works reliably, stably, and economically. The load forecasting process is carried out in the range of hours to years. This study focuses on short-term load forecasting (STLF) where in general the effects of weather conditions and human activities are very influential. In this study, we will study further the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, namely the number of vaccines and the level of community mobility on changes in electrical loads. The study of the effect of the vaccine is the new point of this research. In electrical load forecasting, the revised Facebook Prophet method will be used. This revision is intended so that the effects of the pandemic can be included in the model. To test the effectiveness of the proposed model, a case study of the Pennsylvania electrical load data was carried out. In 2021 with the addition of the vaccination variable, the MAPE value is 15.26%. The amount of data used could possibly affect the forecasting process and MAPE results. So, the MAPE value is quite good when compared to other studies
Optimal Mini-grid for Rural Electrification: A Case Study of Sekoukou-Niger
Full text linkThe electricity access rate in Niger is one of the worst in Sub-Saharan Africa and is an issue of paramount importance to the Government of Niger. This energy insecurity has negatively affected industrialization and developmental plans, making Niger one of the poorest countries in the world. With a large landmass and several pockets of habitation in Niger, mini-grids remain the optimal way of providing electricity to people living in rural areas. Nigerienne Agency for the Promotion of Rural Electrification (ANPER), which is the institute responsible for rural electrification, currently operates about 110 diesel-powered mini-grids in Niger. With global warming looming, the operation of these diesel generators is not only expensive but also has an adverse effect on the environment. This paper seeks to analyze the techno-economic feasibility of a hybrid system for rural electrification in Niger with Sekoukou village as a case study. Load assessment, component technical configuration and component cost are simulated in HOMER software as objective functions to find the optimal size and cost. Results show that the most economical and efficient system for mini-grid operation in Sekoukou in Niger, is the generator-photovoltaic (PV) hybrid mini-grid which produces a levelized cost of energy of 0.271 to $0.177. This hybrid mini-grid system coupled with the load shifting approach would help improve the village’s ability and willingness to pay for electricity
Automatic Feeder for Laying Hens Based on Noise Amplitude
Full text linkFood is an essential aspect of the laying hens' cultivation process. The delay of the feeding time and the short amount of food can cause stress to the hens. Furthermore, an excessive amount of food can cause overweight and reduce hens' productivity. This paper provides a method to automate the feeder for laying hens using a device based on microcontroller technology. A tool that can detect chicken behavior when hungry and the temperature of the cage can provide an excellent feeding management system for the breeder. The automatic feeder can see chicken behavior, also the environmental condition around the cage. A specific noise amplitude caused by the hungry hens can trigger the feeder. This feeder also design aims to provide the food in the right amount at the right time. Thus, the breeder can minimize the stress of laying hens, reduce food waste, and keep the hens ideal. Here the system can save the chicken’s food around 13.76% more efficient
Efek Sambaran Petir Terhadap Beda Potensial untuk Sistem Pentanahan Interkoneksi Gardu Induk 150kV
No full textThe grounding system design of the 150 kV substation have resolve affect in lightning strike area. The purpose of this study is to determine the duration of the potential difference penetration that occurs due to direct or indirect lightning strikes. The parameter method grounding system uses a combination of R and L for the grid section and a combination of RLC for the rod section. Simulations due to direct lightning strikes in nearby areas greatly affect the spike in the amount of potential difference. The potential difference in the area closest to the lightning strike with a maximum surge of 57.42 V with a neutralization duration of 0.21 μs. At the furthest distance from a lightning strike, the maximum potential difference spike is only 3.14 V with a neutralization duration of 2 μs. The average duration of neutralization due to lightning strikes is 2 μs. In the simulation of a direct lightning strike striking electrical equipment, it causes a very high potential difference spike in lightning strike area of 992.96 V with a spike duration of 0.012 μs. The farthest area point at the location of the lightning strike has a spike of 31.07 V with a spike duration of 0.06 μs. The duration of neutralization at a potential difference below 1 V, has a duration of more than 2 μs depending on the distance from the location of lightning strike. The grounding system design is able to perform good performance with a fast potential difference neutralization duration in the event of a direct or indirect lightning strike. Lightning strikes that occur will not cause dangerous step and touch voltages for personnel in the 150 kV substation area.Sistem pentanahan pada gardu induk 150 kV dirancang menurut IEEE 80-2000 dengan mempertimbangkan kejadian sambaran petir. Sambaran petir memiliki arus tinggi 120 kA. Sistem pentanahan harus dapat menormalkan beda potensial pada saat terjadi sambaran petir langsung atau tidak langsung. Beda potensial yang tinggi akan merusak peralatan listrik dan lebih banyak orang di gardu induk 150 kV. Sistem pentanahan harus mampu menormalkan lonjakan beda potensial dalam waktu yang cepat dan dengan batas normal dibawah 1 volt. Luas keseluruhan sistem pentanahan yang digunakan adalah 150×170m, dimana terdapat 5 saluran transmisi yang terhubung ke beberapa daerah. Pada sistem pentanahan terdapat 2 parameter yaitu grid dan rod. Kecepatan durasi dalam menormalkan lonjakan beda potensial merupakan faktor dalam menentukan keandalan sistem pentanahan terhadap sambaran petir. Simulasi pengukuran beda potensial puncak berdasarkan durasi waktu yang akan dinormalisasi. Sistem pentanahan interkoneksi untuk mengurangi efek sambaran petir yang terjadi di area gardu induk. Sambaran petir akan diteruskan ke tanah untuk menghilangkan perbedaan potensial paku yang dihasilkan di gardu induk. Lonjakan perbedaan potensial yang tinggi tanpa adanya sistem ground akan membahayakan peralatan listrik dan orang-orang di area tersebut. Beda potensial akan menghasilkan tegangan langkah dan tegangan sentuh pada daerah sambaran petir yang berdampak pada peralatan listrik di daerah tersebut. Kinerja efektif sistem pentanahan harus mampu menghilangkan efek sambaran petir yang menghasilkan beda potensial yang besar dengan durasi yang sangat singkat
Performance Evaluation of VoIP Service for Emergency Disaster Responses over WiMAX-WLAN Integrated Network
Full text linkAs a very large archipelago country, Indonesia has a high intensity of the natural disaster. In many cases, the telecommunication infrastructure collapse during the disaster. Therefore, a prominent and robust emergency telecommunication network is required. In this paper, an implementation of VoIP services over the WiMAX-WLAN integrated network is proposed. The integrated network is designed to provide an alternative of the emergency network during the disaster response. The VoIP service is selected for the study case because this service can be used as a complementary of the telephony service. In this paper, the WiMAX network is designed based on the IEEE Standard 802.16-2004 with the frequency band of 3.5 GHz while the WLAN network is designed based on the IEEE Standard 802.11n. To support many scenarios of network topology, the proposed integrated network is designed in P2P and PMP topologies. Within these network topologies, the network performance is evaluated in terms of delay, jitter, throughput and packet loss, as well as MOS value. The network performance is evaluated over various background traffic. From the experimental evaluation, it shows that the network becomes worse when the network load that is represented by the background traffic exceeding 3 Mbps. In general, there is no significant performance different between P2P and PMP network topology
Radio Frequency Based Wireless Battery Charging of Cellular Phones
Full text linkThe challenge of regularly charging the battery of cellular phones has brought about new and more convenient ways to realising cellular battery charging. The wireless power platform has been explored for years bringing about many dimensions to its realisation. In this research, developed a wireless charging of Li-Ion battery of a cellular phone using commercial-off-the-shelf components vis-a-vis Radio Frequency (RF) energy. A MAX2623 voltage controlled oscillator was used to generate RF signals at a frequency of 915 MHz. Through a series of amplifier stages, the signal is radiated using a half-wave dipole antenna. The signal is received by a remote receiver module made up of 5 dBi gain half-wave dipole antenna which is impedance matched to a bridge rectifier made of SMS3929 Bridge Quad Schottky low turn-on voltage diodes. The rectified output is received by a EH4205 low voltage booster which amplifies the input into two paralleled MAX 682 charge pumps. The paralleled MAX 682 charge pump delivers a constant output voltage of 5 V DC and current of 500 mA. Within a 4 m radius the receiver module can receive enough power for the realisation of wireless battery charging.
Microstrip Rectangular Patch Array Antenna for Tsunami Radar
Full text linkTsunami radar is one of the detection tools used in the tsunami early warning system. The most commonly used is high-frequency radar with a long-range but high power and low resolution. However, in order to improve the reliability of the tsunami warning system in detecting signs of a tsunami and monitoring with a high speed of updating information, a radar system with a high resolution is needed. High resolution can only be obtained by a radar that has a large bandwidth in the radio spectrum. Increasing the bandwidth can be done by increasing radar operating frequency. An antenna is one of the essential components that can determine the performance of the radar system. Therefore, in this study, an antenna was designed at Super High Frequency to be applied to a radar system. The designed antenna is a microstrip antenna with a rectangular patch using array method. The desired specifications at a frequency of 5.8 GHz are return loss ≤-10 dB, VSWR ≤2, bandwidth >150 Mhz, beamwidth >200. After the simulated design met the specifications, the fabrication and measurements were later carried out. The measurement results show a frequency shift to 5,71 GHz with a return loss of -21,346, VSWR of 1,186, bandwidth of 200 MHz, a beamwidth of 40o and gain 11.65 dB. Thus, the proposed antenna, the 8-rectangular patch microstrip array antenna, can be applied in tsunami radar systems.Radar tsunami merupakan salah satu alat deteksi yang digunakan pada system peringatan awal tsunami. Radar tsunami yang umum digunakan adalah radar High frekuensi yang memiliki jarak jangkauan jauh tetapi daya besar dan resolusi rendah. Untuk meningkatkan keandalan system peringatan tsunami dalam mendeteksi tanda-tanda tsunami dan monitoring dengan kecepatan update informasi yang tinggi, maka diperlukan system radar dengan resolusi yang tinggi. Resolusi yang tinggi dapat diperoleh jika radar memiliki bandwidth yang besar dalam spectrum radio. Peningkatan bandwidth dapat dilakukan dengan menaikan frekuensi kerja radar. Antena merupakan salah satu komponen penting yang dapat menentukan performa system radar. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini dirancangan antenna pada Super High Frequency untuk diaplikasikan pada system radar. Antena yang dirancang adalah antenna microstrip dengan patch rectangular. Spesifikasi yang diinginkan pada frekuensi 5,8 Ghz yaitu return loss≤-10 dB, VSWR≤2, bandwidth >150 Mhz, beamwidth>200. Setelah rancangan menggunakan simulasi memenuhi spesifikasi maka dilakukan pabrikasi dan pengukuran. Hasil pengukuran didapatkan pergeseran frekuensi menjadi 5,71 Ghz dengan return loss -21,346, VSWR 1,186, Bandwitdh 200 Mhz dan beamwidth 400 Oleh karena itu dapat dikatakan bahwa antenna yang dirancang dapat digunakan pada system radar tsunam
A GWO-P&O Algorithm MPPT for PV Systems Under UIC and PSC
Full text linkThe operation of PV systems can experience uniform (UIC) and partial insolation (PSC) that depends on its environment. Many MPPT algorithm has been proposed in literature such as P&O, and many metaheuristics algorithm such as PSO and GWO. Those algorithm only work at a certain environmental condition. The P&O algorithm only work at UIC but fail to track maximum power at PSC hence reducing efficiency of MPPT system when it is experiencing UIC and PSC. The GWO algorithm can track maximum power at PSC but when the change of insolation to UIC can shift power output below maximum power hence reducing efficiency of MPPT system. In this paper another method is proposed by implementing the result of GWO to the input of the P&O algorithm subsequently the GWO is reset periodically to search a new maximum power point to anticipate any environmental changes. This new method is called a GWO-P&O algorithm. Simulation results show that the GWO-P&O algorithm yields better efficiency compared to the GWO or the P&O algorithm in case the modules of PV array experiencing UIC and PSCs. Simulation is done using MATLAB/SIMULINK software
Automatic Maintenance Alert System for Heavy Duty Haulage Machines
Full text linkThe timely maintenance of haulage machines is important to prevent machine breakdown and reduce productivity down time. An unintended breakdown or machine stop due to inadequate maintenance causes huge financial loss to the company due to delivery delays. Excessive maintenance also increases production cost due to down time and workshop maintenance. Most haulage companies like Mantrac Ghana Limited have a maintenance schedule for their customers. However, most of these customers do not maintain these machines on time, largely due to forgetfulness or sheer disregard for the maintenance schedule. It is thus important to implement an automatic alert system to notify operators of this machinery when it is time for maintenance. This paper seeks to design an automatic alert system using ATmega328 microcontroller, SIM900 GSM module and alarm unit. A sensor connected to the engine of the haulage machine is used to monitor the condition and operational hours of the machine. The microcontroller is programmed using proteus software to receive instructions from the sensor and issue commands to activate both the GSM module and the buzzer simultaneously. The type and time of maintenance to be done is displayed on the LED display. A corresponding message is sent via the GSM module to both Mantrac Ghana Limited and the customer to undertake the type of maintenance. It can be concluded that an automatic alert system would improve strict adherence to maintenance schedule and help reduce machine
Comparison of Classification for Grading Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Costaricensis)
Full text linkPitaya is another name for dragon fruit which is currently a popular fruit, especially in Indonesia. One of the problems related to determining the quality of dragon fruit is the postharvest sorting and grading process. In general, farmers determine the grading system by measuring the weight or just looking at the size of the fruit, of course, this raises differences in grading perceptions so that it is not by SNI. This research is a development of previous research, but we changed the type of dragon fruit from white dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) to red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis). We also adapted the image processing and classification methods in previous studies and then compared them with other classification methods. The number of images in the training data is 216, and the number of images in the testing data is 75. The comparison of the accuracy of the three classification methods is 84% for the KNN method, 85.33% for the Naive Bayes method, and 86.67% for the Backpropagation method. So that the backpropagation method is the best classification method in classifying the quality grading of red dragon fruit. The network architecture used is 4, 8, 3 with a learning rate of 0.3 so that the training accuracy is 98.61% and the testing accuracy is 86.67%