Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro
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Comparing MPPT Algorithms for Improved Partial-Shaded PV Power Generations
No full textolar energy, accepted as an alternative energy source, is attracting commercial interest and scholars and researchers for improving efficiency and lowering the losses within the system. One of these significant losses is due to partial and complex shading. This study concentrates on reducing losses to enhance the efficiency of solar systems. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPTT) uses several alternative algorithms for efficient operations. We have selected four algorithms supporting MPPT, namely P&O, PSO, Adaptive cuckoo, and Dragonfly. These algorithms are applied on photovoltaic (PV) systems in four different scenarios: uniform irradiance, partial shading, complex partial shading, and multiple local maximum power points. According to this study, results show that the algorithms' performance vary significantly based on these scenarios. It has been shown that PSO has the longest tracking time compared to other but tracks the maximum power best when exposed to uniform irradiance. In contrast, DFO takes the shortest tracking time and performs best in I-V curves but do not have a maximum power point at the knee. Both adaptive cuckoo and PSO perform well in tracking the global maximum power point, particularly in partial shadings. The study provides insights into the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm in different scenarios and can guide the selection of an appropriate algorithm for a given PV system
English
No full textOne of the big problems in agriculture in the tropics, especially in Indonesia, is rainy and dry seasons. During the rainy season, agriculture in Indonesia in general can run smoothly because the water resource as the main supply of water for various types of plants is available regularly and in abundance. During the rainy season, agricultural products, including livestock abound, because animal feed is also available in abundance. However, a phenomenon occurs during the dry season. When the water supply is minimal or even unavailable, the planting process decreases and even fails before the harvest season. This research tried to bridge the agricultural sector so that it can continue to strive without being affected by the seasons. It is hoped that the agricultural sector can increase its production. This research integrated information and communication technologies (ICTs) through engineering variable measurements of soil water availability, soil moisture, air humidity, temperature of the planting environment, and real-time monitoring of plant conditions. The measurements of several determinant variables in agriculture were followed by responses to the measurement results. It is expected that the process of maintaining crop quality can be done all day until harvest. This technology is applicable to assist farmers in monitoring soil moisture, water level, and water discharge produced. This technology was also designed to be connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) in which data on soil moisture, water level, and water discharge are processed and sent to users. The data sent are connected to the Smartfarm web which can be accessed through smartphones. In addition, this technology is anti-theft and can be operated and monitored remotely. Masalah besar dalam pertanian di daerah tropis khususnya di Indonesia adalah adanya musim hujan dan musim kemarau. Pada musim penghujan, pertanian di Indonesia pada umumnya dapat berjalan dengan lancar karena sumber air sebagai suplai utama air untuk berbagai jenis tanaman tersedia secara teratur dan melimpah. Pada musim hujan, hasil pertanian melimpah, termasuk ternak, karena pakan ternak tersedia melimpah. Fenomena lain terjadi pada musim kemarau, dimana persediaan air sangat minim atau bahkan tidak tersedia sehingga menyebabkan proses penanaman terbalik bahkan gagal menjelang musim panen. Penelitian ini akan menjembatani sektor pertanian agar dapat terus berproduksi tanpa terpengaruh oleh musim sehingga diharapkan sektor pertanian dapat meningkatkan produksinya. Penelitian ini akan mengintegrasikan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) melalui pengukuran variabel rekayasa ketersediaan air tanah, kelembaban tanah, kelembaban udara, suhu lingkungan tanam, dan pemantauan kondisi tanaman secara real time. Rekayasa pengukuran beberapa variabel determinan di bidang pertanian akan dilanjutkan dengan tindakan respon terhadap hasil pengukuran tersebut, diharapkan proses pemeliharaan kualitas tanaman tetap terjaga selama 24 jam sepanjang hari hingga panen. Teknologi ini digunakan untuk membantu petani dalam memantau kelembaban tanah, ketinggian air dan debit air yang dihasilkan dari teknologi smartfarm. Teknologi Smartfarm juga dirancang untuk terkoneksi dengan Internet of Things (IoT) dimana teknologi ini dapat mengirimkan data berupa kelembaban tanah, ketinggian air dan debit air yang diolah dalam teknologi ini. Data yang dikirimkan terhubung dengan web smartfarm yang dapat dibuka melalui smartphone. Selain itu, teknologi ini juga anti maling dimana teknologinya dirancang dengan IoT. Ia mampu mendeteksi bahwa teknologi tersebut dapat dioperasikan dan dipantau dari jarak jauh
English
No full textJapan has continued to experience population decline which adversely affect working-age group (15-64 years). As a remedy to this social issue, advancements in robotics and human-machine cooperation is proposed to make up for the declining labor force. To this end, design of robots which can work in constrained (indoor) workspace is desirable. A coaxial two-wheeled robot with an appended robot arm aimed at transporting objects is proposed in this paper. The robot is designed with center of gravity below the axle to make it statically stable at rest. It is combined with a robot arm with two links, two degrees of freedom. The goal is to maintain equilibrium of the arm tip during motion with the robot-arm is inclined at 0-, 3-, and 120-degree. In this study, simulations to combine a stable coaxial two-wheel robot with the robot arm is performed to confirm the effectiveness of the designed LQ, and LQI controller. From the results, all the controllers are able to maintain the robot-arm tip at 0-degrees. For 120-degrees, LQI performs better than LQ controller in stabilizing the rotation speed of the wheels by 1.7 seconds. In the future, the proposed controller model will be incorporated in the actual robot to confirm the performance for object transportation.
 
Methyl Ester-Mineral Oil Mixture under Thermal Aging
Full text linkReplacement with natural esters (retrofilling) is an alternative solution to extend the life expectancy of an oil-filled transformer containing mineral oil. During the retro-filling process, some portions of the mineral oil remain inside the transformer's tank, forming a mixture between the used mineral oil and the new vegetable oil. In this investigation, methyl ester was mixed with a relatively low percentage of mineral oil to simulate the retro-filling process. The aim is to examine the characteristics of a mixture of mineral and vegetable oils under thermal aging. Thermal aging treatments were carried out at 120°C for 28 days and 140°C for 14 days. Kraft paper and copper wire were incorporated during the aging test. After thermal aging, the characteristics of the oil mixture were evaluated based on electrical, physical, and chemical characteristics. The result shows that physical and chemical characteristics are significantly influenced by the increase in mineral oil content and the temperature of thermal aging. However, the breakdown voltage increased after thermal aging, but at a higher temperature, the breakdown voltage dropped as the mineral oil content increased.Penggantian minyak isolasi transformator dari minyak mineral menjadi minyak nabati atau lebih dikenal dengan istilah retrofilling menjadi solusi permasalahan lingkungan yang ditimbulkan dari penggunaan minyak mineral pada isolasi transformator. Namun pada proses retrofilling masih tertinggal sebagian minyak mineral yang menyebabkan pencampuran terhadap minyak nabati. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik campuran antara minyak mineral dan minyak nabati yang mengalami thermal aging. Pemberian perlakuan Thermal aging dilakukan pada suhu 120°C selama 28 hari dan 140°C selama 14 hari. Sebelum perlakuan Thermal Aging ditambahkan Kertas kraft dan juga tembaga. Setelah mengalami thermal aging, karakteristik minyak campuran akan dievaluasi berdasarkan karakteristik dielektrik, fisika, dan kimia. Hasilnya terlihat tegangan tembus mengalami kenaikan setelah mengalami thermal aging. Karakteristik kimia sangat dipengaruhi oleh thermal aging tetapi karakteristik fisika cenderung memiliki nilai yang stabil
Voltage Stability Analysis of Power System with Photovoltaic Power Plant
Full text linkPhotovoltaic power plants usually do not provide reactive power output; hence the application of large photovoltaics in power systems will decrease the voltage stability level of the power system. Capacitor banks can provide reactive power to compensate the photovoltaic plants; therefore, capacitor banks can overcome the reactive power deficiency of photovoltaic plants. However, the effect of capacitor bank installation on the system’s voltage stability is unknown. Therefore, the research aims to investigate whether installing a capacitors bank can restore the level of system voltage stability. The study employs the method of Voltage Stability Margin and transient stability simulation to the IEEE 9 bus system. The IEEE 9 bus system is modified where one generator of the system is replaced with a photovoltaic plant, and a capacitor bank is also installed. The study results show that the modified system voltage stability level is lower than the original system. When the capacity of the capacitor bank is increased to the maximum allowable value, the voltage stability level rises. However, it is still unable to be restored to its original value
The Study of Plant Microbial Fuel Cell for Alternative Energy Source
Full text linkPlant Microbial Fuel Cell (P-MFC) is one of Microbial Fuel Cell type. It can produce electricity and source for plant living. By using the humus soil in the anode chamber, the electron can flow to the cathode chamber. The principle of Plant Microbial Fuel Cell is same with the battery. It flows the direct current. This research makes dual chamber of P-MFC prototype. The salt bridge is used as connection between anode chamber to cathode chamber. The humus soil comes from burning organic waste. Its color is black and contains a lot of microbes. The plant selected in this research was Water Spinach. The number of water spinach were 20 and 25 stems. P-MFC which has more Water Spinach will produce more voltage and current than the others. For 25 Water Spinach, P-MFC produced 762.4 mV no-load average voltage and 125.8 mV, 085 mA for load condition. The result was bigger caused by for more plants will be more microbes resulted in the humus soil
Perancangan Kendali Operasi Otomatis Terowongan Angin ILST Berbasis HMI
No full textIn the application of the Indonesian Low-Speed Tunnel (ILST), the control of wind tunnel operations can determine the validity of the data and the number of tests achieved daily. The current operation control mechanism is still done manually and separately with one series of measurements for one test model configuration, inefficient human resources, acquisition of data that can be different, and the cost of using electric power is quite expensive. Therefore, this research and development activity proposes a wind tunnel automatic operation control system that integrates several plant facilities and ILST data acquisition based on Human Machine Interface (HMI) with the Waterfall method, using SCADA software and PLC. This aims to improve wind tunnel operation in one measurement series for multiple test model configurations with high data acquisition accuracy, faster and easier operation to reduce operating costs. This automatic operation control can increase operation time two times faster and 61% cheaper than manual operation. The design results will be used at the implementation stage in aerodynamic
model testing.Indonesian Low - Speed Tunnel (ILST) digunakan untuk riset dan pengembangan ilmu aerodinamika di Indonesia. Kendali operasi terowongan angin ILST memegang peran penting dalam menentukan validitas hasil uji terowongan angin, perolehan data presisi, kecepatan dan kemudahan operasinya. Selama ini, mekanisme kendali operasi masih dilakukan secara manual, yang berimbas pada inefisiensi penggunaan sumber daya manusia, asinkronisasi akuisisi data, perolehan data dapat berbeda. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan ini mengusulkan suatu sistem kendali operasi terowongan angin otomatis yang dirancang berbasis Human Machine Interface (HMI) untuk meningkatkan presisi akuisisi data, operasi lebih cepat dan mudah untuk menekan biaya operasi dan meningkatkan capaian jumlah pengujian per harinya. Perancangan dilakukan dengan membuat kendali operasi otomatis Indonesian Low Speed Tunnel (ILST) yang menintegrasikan plant fasilitas ILST dan data akuisisi dengan metode Waterfall menggunakan perangkat lunak SCADA dan PLC. Kendali Operasi otomatis ini dapat meningkatkan waktu operasi 2,3 kali lebih cepat dan 60% lebih murah dibandingkan cara operasi manual. Hasil perancangan akan digunakan pada tahap implementasi dalam pengujian model uji aerodinamika di terowongan angin
Shrimp Pond Monitoring System using Cooperative Wireless Sensor Network Multi-Hop Technique based on Internet of Things
No full textWater quality is a crucial factor in maintaining the survival and growth of shrimp. Manual water quality monitoring in shrimp ponds is no longer effective due to the need for periodic monitoring to maintain stable water quality. Therefore, online monitoring using various sensors installed in each pond is necessary. However, there are several challenges to overcome, such as the large expanse of the shrimp ponds, which may lead to data loss due to signal disruptions, and limited energy to power the sensors. To address these issues, this paper proposes the cooperative Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technique with a multi-hop method for communication in the monitoring process. The system consists of five sensor nodes: temperature sensor, pH sensor, water level sensor, intake water flow sensor, and drain water flow sensor. The cooperative WSN multi-hop technique helps reduce energy consumption in the sensor nodes during measurement and data transmission, while also preventing data packet loss. This is achieved through the use of relay nodes that strengthen signals and forward data to the sink node. As a result, the battery life is extended, and energy usage in the monitoring process can be optimized. The system enables real-time online monitoring and can be accessed through a smartphone application. The results of this study show that the total energy consumption for data transmission in the sensor nodes is 9.64 J, while the total energy consumption for data forwarding in the relay nodes is 9.15 J. The total energy consumption in the transmit and receive processes is 18.79 J or 5.2 mWh. Therefore, it can be concluded that the energy savings of the proposed system is 4.3 mWh or approximately 45%, and is more efficient than the previous system
Path Loss Prediction Accuracy Based On Random Forest Algorithm in Palembang City Area
Full text linkPath loss is a mechanism where the signal from the transmitting antenna to the receiver in a wireless network is attenuated during transmission across a medium due to external field conditions. In the telecommunication design, precise and efficient calculations are required. Random forest, as a machine learning-based path loss prediction model, is used in this study. Machine learning-based path loss prediction, random forest, has a low level of complexity and a high level of predictability. The data was collected using the drive test method at the Trans Musi busway area on the 4G network in Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The data ratio comprised 20% of the testing set and the rest of the training set. As a result, it was obtained that the prediction accuracy of 9.24% of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE) was 13.6 decibels (dB). Using hyperparameter tuning for random forest results in optimizing the model used, resulting in accuracy prediction for 8.00% of MAPE and RMSE was 11.8 dB, which is better than the previous results
Optimization of Thermal Power Plant Operations Using Genetic Algorithms
Full text linkAccurate scheduling of capacity and operating time for electricity generation is intended to be able to determine the start and end periods of electricity generation operations and produce power output that can meet load requirements. In this research, the goal to be achieved is to know the existence of power plants when to start operating and when to stop operations and to minimize operational costs by dividing the value of the power that will be generated at each power plant. Genetic algorithms are applied to thermal power plant data patterns to design a scheduling plan. The process involves combining the six power generating units to be tested into three different samples. It was found that the total power load and total cost for Sample 1 was 78,109 MW and IDR 200,285, 66.26, Sample 2 was 74,497 MW and IDR 149,774,156.41, and Sample 3 was 78,681 MW and IDR 156,297,893, respectively. 08. This shows that the cost of sample 1 compared to sample 2 decreased by 25.22%, then in sample 2 when compared to sample 3 it increased by 4.17%. The data also shows that a higher number of generations results in lower costs. Therefore, genetic algorithms produce better solutions from one generation to the next.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan pembangkit listrik on dan off serta meminimumkan biaya operasionalnya dengan membagi nilai daya yang akan dihasilkan pada masing-masing generator. Algoritma genetik diterapkan pada pola data pembangkit listrik termal untuk merancang rencana penjadwalan. Prosesnya melibatkan penggabungan enam unit pembangkit listrik yang akan diuji menjadi tiga sampel yang berbeda. Ditemukan bahwa total beban daya dan total biaya untuk Sampel 1 adalah 78.109 MW dan Rp 200.285.266,26, Sampel 2 adalah 74.497 MW dan Rp 149.774.156,41, dan Sampel 3 masing-masing adalah 78.681 MW dan Rp 156.297.893,08. Ini hanya menunjukkan bahwa jumlah generasi yang lebih tinggi menghasilkan biaya yang lebih rendah. Oleh karena itu, algoritma genetika menghasilkan solusi yang lebih baik dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya