Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro
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Aplikasi Identifikasi Huruf Braille Menggunakan Computer Vision Berbasis Raspberry Pi
Get PDFSense of vision is a source of information on humans. Some humans are created with limited sense of sight. The blind performs reading and writing activities using Braille letters, a printed code system consisting of six dots in various combinations that are highlighted on the paper so that they can be touched. To facilitate the visually impaired and the public in enjoying the works produced by blind people, a script reading system is characterized by Braille by studying the braille characters in advance of each character. This research makes a braille letter identification system into sound using computer vision. The method, the reading of Braille character scripts by studying braille characters. First, a scanner or Raspberry Pi-based camera captures braille characters. Second, the system converts Braille characters into alphabetical shapes by processing Optical Character Recognition images. Recognition of Braille character patterns in written text using Artificial Neural Networks. The results of research on braille testing are in the form of alphabetical texts a through z, and the sound signal of the pronunciation of the alphabet uses the Text To Speech system. Braille to sound conversion system works well, with an average accuracy of system testing of 88.462%. This condition is achieved by using 70 gsm HVS paper and drawing paper with a 52 training image database. The system can only carry out the process of recognition of one character, so it can be used as a reference translator of audio-based braille characters that can be heard by the visually impaired and the community.Keywords : image processing, braille, OCR, JST, text to speechAbstrakIndera penglihatan merupakan sumber informasi pada manusia. Sebagian manusia diciptakan dengan keterbatasan indera penglihatan. Tunanetra melakukan aktifitas membaca serta menulis menggunakan huruf Braille, yaitu sistem cetakan berupa kode terdiri dari enam titik dalam berbagai kombinasi yang ditonjolkan pada kertas sehingga dapat diraba. Untuk memudahkan tunanetra dan masyarakat dalam menikmati karya-karya yang dihasilkan oleh penyandang tunanetra dibuat sistem pembacaan naskah berkarakterkan Braille dengan mempelajari karakter braille terlebih dahulu dari masing-masing karakternya. Penelitian ini membuat sistem identifikasi huruf braille menjadi suara menggunakan computer vision. Metodenya, pembacaan naskah berkarakter Braille dengan mempelajari karakter braille. Pertama, scanner atau kamera berbasis Raspberry Pi mengcapture karakter braille. Kedua, sistem mengkonversi karakter Braille ke bentuk abjad dengan pengolahan citra Optical Character Recognition. Pengenalan pola karakter Braille teks tulisan menggunakan Jaringan Saraf Tiruan. Hasil penelitian pengujian huruf braille berupa teks abjad a sampai z, dan sinyal suara pengucapan abjad menggunakan sistem Text To Speech . Sistem konversi braille menjadi suara bekerja dengan baik, dengan akurasi rata-rata pengujian sistem yaitu 88.462%. Kondisi ini dicapai dengan menggunakan kertas HVS 70 gsm dan kertas gambar dengan database 52 citra latih. Sistem hanya dapat melakukan proses pengenalan pada satu karakter, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai referensi penterjemah naskah karakter braille berbasis audio yang dapat didengarkan oleh tunanetra dan masyakat.Kata Kunci : image processing, braille, OCR, JST, text to speech
Utilizing Unified Power Flow Controller for Voltage Stability Improvement of the Electric Power Transmission System of Ghana
Get PDFInterconnecting power transmission systems provide reliability of electric power supply. The security of the system is however questioned when a disturbance in any part of the interconnected system causes instability in the entire network. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), which is a member of the flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) family, has the capability of controlling active and reactive power flow in a transmission line thereby improving the voltage stability of the system especially at the 500 kV configuration level. The performance of a 161-kV UPFC modelled in SimPowerSystems is tested on Ghana’s power transmission network. The optimal placement of the UPFC is done using fast voltage stability index (FVSI) and maximum loadability assessment (MLA). The results show that the device improved the connecting bus voltage from 0.88 p.u. to 0.98 p.u. Active power loss in the network was also reduced from 13.40 MW to 10.39 MW when the UPFC was in circuit.Keywords: Ghana, Stability, Transmission system and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC
Pengembangan Electronic Load Controller untuk Self-Excited Induction Generator Berbasis Penyearah Tiga Fase Menggunakan Raspberry Pi
Get PDFA self-excited induction generator (SEIG) could provide electricity for isolated areas appropriately. An electronic load controller (ELC) with Raspberry Pi is designed to overcome the voltage and frequency changing of SEIG caused by load changing, while ab le to support distributed system trend with Framework for Distributed Industrial Automation and Control (4DIAC). The ELC design is based on the characteristics of SEIG and Indonesian electricity system standards. The design is then implemented, and the characteristics are identified. The output of SEIG is regulated at frequency of 50 Hz and terminal voltage of 294 V. A voltage sensor is designed with a transformer, filters, rectifier, and ADC. The actuator consisted of a three-phase rectifier, dump load, optocoupler driver, and IGBT. A PI-controller based on Python is applied in Raspberry Pi Zero with experimentally tuned Kp and Ki values both of 5.0. The output changing of SEIG caused by load changing could be regulated within the Indonesian electricity frequency standard in its steady state. The maximum voltage deviation from the nominal value is -12.24%, while the maximum frequency deviation is +3.2%, and the longest settling time is 832 ms.Keywords : induction generator, electronic load controller and Raspberry Pi
Design and Implementation of Series Resonant DC-DC Converter
Get PDFThe resonant DC-DC converter is known as advantageous over conventional DC-DC converter in terms of efficiency. This is primarily because the resonant converter operates at soft switching mode. In this paper, we report our work on the design and implementation of a series resonant DC-DC converter with full-bridge switching. The developed converter consisted of two main parts, namely the PWM signal-generating circuit as the driver for MOSFET and converter primary circuit. The first part was implemented by using Arduino UNO R3, whose output was amplified with IR2110 optocoupler. The latter was made up of full-bridge inverter, which employs MOSFET as the electronic switches, resonance circuit, and full-bridge uncontrolled rectifier. Performance of the developed converter was tested by supplying input voltage ranging from 20 to 30 V. It was shown that the converter functioned as a step-down “DC” transformer, i.e. voltage reducer. The maximum output voltage level obtained was half of the input, which was achieved at switching frequency of 40 kHz and efficiency of 50%. The converter was also tested to supply practical electrical load. In this case, a 12-V electric drill was put in place. The drill worked well, and a converter efficiency of 43% could be calculated during this operation.Keywords : DC-DC Converter, Series Resonance and Switchin
Perancangan Mesin Pompa Air Tenaga Surya untuk Mengurangi Konsumsi Listrik Skala Rumahan
Get PDFOne of the household appliances which consumes quite a large amount of electricity is a water pumping machine. Almost every house that uses well water, uses a water pumping machine to suck water from the ground into a temporary water reservoir (water reservoir). To reduce the electricity load in meeting the needs of water distribution for household scale, can be done by making a water pump system that is equipped with a Solar Panel (PV). Solar panels or PV that are used in this research have a capacity of 100 WP consisting of 2 pieces of 50 WP PV arranged in parallel. The type of PV used is monocrystal with SHINYOKU brand. The testing is done by measuring the output capacity of a water pump and compare it with the power needed by the water pump. In the calculation of water discharge, the water pump is able to pump water with a volume of 8.5 liters / minute. The water pump power was measured using a watt meter, the power needed by the water pump is 223 watt/hour. The duration of time needed to fully fill a 1000 liter water reservoir is 2 hours or 119 minutes consumes 450 watt. If calculated for 1 month (30 days), using a solar water pump system could reduce power consumptions up to 13500 w or 13.5 Kw.Keywords : Water Pump, Solar Panel (PV), Power, Output Capasity. AbstrakSalah satu peralatan rumah tangga yang mengkonsumsi daya listrik cukup besar adalah mesin pompa air. Hampir setiap rumah yang memanfaatkan air sumur, menggunakan mesin pompa air untuk menyedot air dari dalam tanah ke dalam bak penampungan air sementara (tandon air). Untuk mengurangi beban listrik dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan distribusi air untuk skala rumah tangga, dapat dilakukan dengan membuat sistem pompa air yang dilengkapi dengan Panel Surya (PV). Panel surya atau PV yang digunakan pada riset ini mempunyai kapasitas 100 WP yang terdiri dari 2 buah PV 50 WP dirangkai secara pararel. PV yang digunakan berjenis monocrystal dengan merek SHINYOKU. Pengujian dilakukan dengan mengukur debit air pompa air dan membandingkannya dengan daya yang dibutuhkan oleh pompa air tersebut. Dalam perhitungan debit air, pompa air mampu mengalirkan air dengan volume 8,5 liter/menit. Daya pompa air diukur dengan menggunakan watt meter, daya yang dibutuhkan oleh pompa air tersebut sebesar 223 watt/hour. Durasi waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mengisi penuh tandon air berukuran 1000 liter yaitu selama 2 jam atau 119 menit dengan mengkonsumsi 450 watt. Apabila dikalkulasikan selama 1 bulan (30 hari), dengan mamnfaatkan sistem pompa air tenaga surya dapat mengurangi konsumsi daya hingga 13500 watt atau 13,5Kw.Kata Kunci : Mesin Pompa Air, Panel Surya (PV), Daya, Debit Air
Optimal Smart Grid Management System in Campus Building
Get PDFThe utilization of well-managed electrical energy sources will result in high energy efficiency and reliability. Smart grid uses electricity management with 2-way communication that allows loads and sources to corporate each other. Campus is a place that requires priority in the availability of energy and it requires smart grid management. This research will contain smart grid management systems on campus that use multisource to fulfil dynamic loads conditions so as to produce optimal smart grid management. The method that use to analysis the system is conventional method. The optimal smart grid achieved by analysis the sources and loads energy needed and then create a management system that have substantial impact on campus electrical system. The results of this research that smart grid system ensures electrical conditions for the needs of these dynamic loads can be fulfilled which is without a smart grid there is lack of energy for 3 days, whereas with a smart grid there is no lack of energy in the campus building.Keywords : Smart Grid, Campus, Managemen
Harmonics of CF and LED lamps - Maximum Penetration Perspective on Power Quality in Distribution Systems
Get PDFGlobal energy saving efforts have led to replacement of incandescent lamps with energy-efficient ones like light-emitting diode (LED) and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). These lamps, being non-linear loads, have the potential of injecting harmonics into distribution networks. In this paper, harmonics injection of common CFL and LED lamps at a facility point of common coupling is investigated. To gain insight into large scale penetration effects on power quality, field measurement results of popular lamps used in Ghana were replicated in MATLAB/Simulink through simulation. The field results showed that LED lamps exhibit more harmonics compared to CFL lamps. Maximum possible loading on a 100-kVA, 11kV/0.433kV distribution transformer was found to be 24.02% for CFL, 27.14% for LED, and 40.91% for a mixture of the two lamps, respectively, in order not to violate IEEE 519-2014 standard. The influence of other common loads such as ceiling fans on the lamps’ harmonics were assessed in the field measurement. The use of ceiling fans with the lamps in the facility reduced the harmonics and improved the power factor of the facility. Since the lamps exist in residential and commercial facilities with other loads, more penetration of energy-saving lamps in the distribution system will have little influence on power quality.Keywords: Compact fluorescent lamps, light emitting diodes, maximum power loading, total harmonic distortion, point of common couplin
Komparasi dan Optimasi Model Propagasi Pada Sistem Komunikasi Seluler Di Kota Palembang
Get PDFVarious propagation models can be used to predict path loss. Each propagation model is classified according to its environment categories. These environment categories are purely subjective, therefore to get accurate predictions, proper environment category selection is needed. In this paper, four propagation models are compared with RSL measurements at five sites in Palembang City. The models being compared are Okumura Hata, ECC-33, Ericsson, and SUI. Based on comparison using RMSE parameters, large urban is the appropriate environment category for Palembang City in the Okumura Hata model. For ECC-33, the appropriate environment category is medium urban. In the Ericsson model, the appropriate category is suburban, and terrain type A for SUI model. From the comparison of four models based on RMSE and standard deviations, it is known that for measurement results of five sites in Palembang City, the ECC-33 model has high accuracy with RMSE of 3,28 dB and standard deviation of 2,74 dB. After optimization, the Okumura Hata model provides an RMSE of 1,75 dB and a standard deviation of 0,76 dB. It is recommended to use the Medium Urban ECC-33 model or the optimized Large Urban Okumura Hata model to predict path loss in Palembang City.Keywords : Propagation Models, Optimization, Environment Categories, Okumura Hata, ECC-33, Ericsson, SUI.' AbstrakTerdapat berbagai macam model propagasi yang dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi path loss. Setiap model propagasi diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kategori lingkungannya. Pembagian kategori lingkungan ini bersifat subjektif, sehingga untuk mendapatkan prediksi yang akurat diperlukan pemilihan kategori lingkungan yang tepat. Penelitian ini membandingkan empat jenis model propagasi dengan hasil pengukuran RSL pada lima site di Kota Palembang. Model yang dibandingkan adalah Okumura Hata, ECC-33, Ericsson dan SUI. Berdasarkan komparasi menggunakan parameter RMSE, Kota Palembang menurut model Okumura Hata termasuk dalam kategori large urban. Sedangkan pada model ECC-33 termasuk kategori medium urban. Pada model Ericsson termasuk kategori suburban, dan pada model SUI termasuk dalam tipe terrain A. Dari perbandingan keempat model berdasarkan RMSE dan standar deviasi, diketahui bahwa pada hasil pengukuran lima site di Kota Palembang, model ECC-33 memiliki akurasi yang tinggi dengan RMSE 3,28 dB dan standar deviasi 2,74 dB. Setelah dioptimasi, model Okumura Hata juga memberikan akurasi prediksi yang tinggi, dengan RMSE 1,75 dB dan standar deviasi 0,76 dB. Sehingga disarankan untuk menggunakan model ECC-33 medium urban atau model Okumura Hata large urban yang telah dioptimasi untuk mempredikasi path loss di Kota Palembang.Kata Kunci : Model Propagasi, Optimasi, Kategori Lingkungan, Okumura Hata, ECC-33, Ericsson, SU
Analisis Perbandingan Unjuk Kerja Database SQL dan Database NoSQL Untuk Mendukung Era Big Data
Get PDFRecently, the development of data in the digital world has produced new challenges. The challenge is increasing number and complexity of data and variations in data (structured and unstructured). Conventional database management system (RDBMS) is not able to answer these challenges effectively because in RDBMS uses a related structured table approach to store information. Currently present, a database management system called NoSQL. This NoSQL system was introduced to provide quick scalability (amount and complexity) and unstructured data. In this study, we present the performance analysis of RDBMS and NoSQL database management systems in the case of increasing the number of data. We use the simple php page to test database systems, experiments are done with use four data sets of different sizes from academic information systems. The database NoSQL approach is used by Redis and the SQL database approach is used by MySQL. The results show that the noSql database has a execution time better than the MySQL database, there is an increase in the speed of the execution time by 87.58% in the create operation, 85.53% in the update operation, and in the delete operation by 86.40% and while in the read operation the increase in execution time speed is obtained by 57.09%, so that on average the Redis database has a show work better than the MySQL database at 79.15%..Keywords : MySql Database, Redis Database, PHP Programming AbstrakBaru-baru ini, perkembangan data di dunia digital telah menghasilkan tantangan baru. Tantangannya adalah meningkatnya jumlah dan kompleksitas data dan variasi data (terstruktur dan tidak terstruktur). Sistem manajemen basis data konvensional (RDBMS) tidak dapat menjawab tantangan ini secara efektif karena dalam hal ini RDBMS menggunakan pendekatan tabel terstruktur sebagai konsep dalam menyimpan informasi. Saat ini, telah hadir sistem manajemen basis data yang disebut NoSQL, Sistem NoSQL memiliki kemampuan menangani data yang tidak terstruktur yang jumlah dan kompleksitas terus meningkat. Dalam penelitian ini, kami menyajikan hasil analisis perbandingan unjuk kerja Sistem Manajemen Basis Data konvensional (RDBMS) dengan NoSQL pada kemampuannya dalam menangani pertumbuhan data yang terus meningkat. Metode yang digunakan dalam melakukan analisis perbandingan unjuk kerja RDBMS dengan NoSQL adalah waktu eksekusi yang dibutuhkan untuk melakukan operasi dasar pada sistem basis data yaitu create, read, delete dan update. RDMBS yang digunakan pada penelitian kali ini adalah MySQL sedangkan pada sistem NoSQL digunakan oleh Redis Database. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Redis Database memiliki waktu eksekusi yang lebih baik daripada MySQL Database, terdapat peningkatan kecepatan waktu eksekusi tersebut sebesar 87.58% pada operasi create, 85.53% pada operasi update, dan pada operasi delete sebesar 86.40% dan sedangkan pada operasi read penigkatan kecepatan waktu eksekusi yang diperoleh sebesar 57.09%, sehingga secara rata-rata database Redis memiliki unjuk kerja yang lebih baik dari database MySQL yaitu sebesar 79.15%.Kata Kunci : MySql Database, Redis Database, Pemgoramaman PH
Perancangan Sensor Gerak Benda pada Benturan Berlebihan untuk Pengujian Pre-Straining Spring Momentum Exchange Impact Dumper (PSMEID) Dengan Metoda Prediksi Waktu Benturan (Preview)
Get PDFVibration that occurs due to excessive impact can damage the construction of an object. Excessive Impact which usually occurs at certain times such as aircraft landing gear collisions with runways that can be fatal if the vibrations produced cannot be controlled properly. One method to reduce vibration caused by excessive impact is called PSMEID (Pre-Straining Momentum Exchange Impact Dumper), which in this case utilizes momentum from a period placed in the main period in which the direction of the style is opposite to the force produced by the collision. In previous studies the PSMEID system was activated shortly after the collision, due to the absence of a sensor mechanism to detect the vibrations and movements of objects that occur. In this case, this research tries to design a sensor system that can detect the movement of objects before an Excessive impact occurs. By knowing the position and condition of the object just before the collision, it can be predicted the time of the collision so that the time of mass release with a spring push that has been stretched (pre-straining) in the opposite direction from the direction of collision gives more optimal results to reduce vibrations from the collision. This study designed various of sensors system consisting of vibration sensors, acceleration sensors and proximity sensors that work in such a way that the PSMEID activation time is close to / equal to the time of the initial collision so that momentum and acceleration can be reduced. In the initial testing this sensor system only involves vibration sensor, where PSMEID can be activated 32 millisecond.Keywords : Excessive Impact, PSMEIDAbstrakGetaran yang terjadi diakibatkan oleh benturan yang berlebihan (Excessive Impact) dapat merusak kontruksi sebuah benda. Excessive Impact yang biasanya terjadi pada waktu tertentu saja seperti benturan roda pendaratan pesawat dengan landasan pacu yang dapat berakibat fatal jika getaran yang dihasilkan tidak dapat dikontrol dengan baik. Salah satu metoda untuk mereduksi getaran yang diakibatkan dari (Excessive Impact) disebut sebagai PSMEID (Pre-Straining Momentum Exchange Impact Dumper), dimana dalam hal ini memanfaat momentum dari sebuah masa yang ditempatkan pada masa utama yang arah gayanya berlawanan dengan gaya yang dihasilkan oleh benturan. Pada penelitian sebelumnya system PSMEID diaktifkan sesaat setelah terjadinya benturan, karena tidak adanya mekanisme sensor untuk mendeteksi vibbrasi dan pergerakan benda yang terjadi. Maka dalam hal ini, penelitian ini mencoba merancang sistem sensor yang dapat mendeteksi pergerakan benda sebelum terjadinyanya Excessive impact. Dengan mengetahui posisi dan kondisi benda sesaat sebelum terjadi benturan maka dapat diprediksi waktu benturan sehingga waktu pelepasan massa dengan dorongan pegas yang sudah diregangkan (pre-straining) dengan arah yang berlawanan dari arah benturan memberikan hasil yang lebih optimal untuk mereduksi getaran dari benturan yang terjadi. Penelitian ini merancang system multinsensor yang terdiri dari sensor vibrasi, sensor percepatan dan sensor jarak yang bekerja sedekian rupa sehingga waktu aktifasi PSMEID mendekati/sama dengan waktu terjadinya benturan awal sehingga momentum dan percepatan dapat direduksi. Pada pengujian awal system sensor ini hanya melibatkan sensor vibrasi saja, dimana PSMEID mampu diaktifkan 32 ms.Kata Kunci : Excessive Impact, PSMEI