Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan
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Teori ma’âlât al-af`âl dalam maqâshid syarȋ`ah dan aplikasinya pada permasalahan fiqih kontemporer
No full textThis paper is a literature study that seeks to explore the classical literature on the theory of ma'âlât Al-Afâl. This theory is a concept that focuses on efforts to read predictions of what will happen from an action taken, then the prediction will be used as a benchmark in establishing the law between allowed or prohibited. This theory has a high urgency in the contemporary ijtihad fiqih region, because the nature of contemporary jurisprudence itself tends to rely on benefit. It is the benefit prediction that can be used as a legal backing even though the consequences will be to leave the original law contained in the text. Besides mashlahah, there are several factors which require that the concept of ma'âlât Al-Af'âl is recognized in the realm of ijtihad, such as sad Al-Zarîah, Al-Dharûrah, raf`u Al-Haraj and ta`lil Al-Ahkâm. The conclusion obtained is that this predictive theory is really needed in solving contemporary problems, because the benchmark is the maqâshid syarîahah which leads to one word namely "benefit"
Bedah mayat (autopsi) ditinjau dari perspekif hukum positif Indonesia dan hukum Islam
No full textDalam hukum positif Indonesia, autopsi forensik diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana dan Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan. Ketiga undang-undang tersebut membenarkan melakukan tindakan autopsi dengan tujuan untuk menegakkan keamanan, dan keadilan bagi masyarakat. Hasil pemeriksaan autopsi forensik akan tertuang dalam sebuah laporan tertulis dalam bentuk visum e repertum dapat digunkan sebaga alat bukti di pengadilan. Dalam hukum islam, autopsi forensik dilarang karena dapat merusak mayat dan melanggar kehormatan mayat. Namun, ada beberapa ulama membenarkan autopsi forensik dengan alasan untuk mewujudkan kemaslahatan ummat (mashalih mursalah) baik di bidang keamanan, keadilan, dan kesehatan. Berdasarkan Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor 6 Tahun 2009 tentang Autopsi Jenazah menyebutkan bahwa pada dasarnya autopsi dilarang atau haram, namun dalam keadaan Darurat atau mendesak maka diperbolehkan. In Indonesia positive law, a autopsy is regulated in the Criminal Code, Law No. 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code and Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health. The three laws justify carrying out autopsy actions with the aim of enforcing security, and justice for the community. The results of a forensic autopsy examination will be contained in a written report in the form of a post mortem report that can be used as evidence in court. In Islamic law, forensic autopsies are prohibited because they could damage a corpse and violate the honor of a corpse. However, there are some scholars who justify the forensic autopsy on the grounds of realizing the benefit of the ummah (mashalih mursalah) in the fields of security, justice and health. Based on the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council Number 6 of 2009 concerning the Body Autopsy states that basically autopsies are prohibited or haram, but in an emergency or urgent condition it is permissible
Paradigma fikih baru Jamal al-Banna dan relevansinya terhadap pembaruan peran perempuan dalam hukum keluarga Islam (Fiqh al-Munakahat)
Full text linkThe role of women, according to classical fiqh (Islamic law) literature, especially fiqh al-Munakah}at (Islamic family law), tends to be regarded as a complementary part of domestic life. Their role is limited to the domestic territory, and restrain to play a public role. This paper tries to reconstruct the role of women in Islamic family law, utilizing the new fiqh paradigm initiated by Jamal al-Banna. To answer this problem, the author conducted a literature study by examining two works of Jamal: Nah}wa Fiqhin Jadid and Al-Mar'ah al-Muslimah bayna Tah}rir Al-Qur'an wa Taqyid al-Fuqaha'. This paper concludes that some issues regarding the role of women in Islamic family law need renewal. There are four crucial issues that are reviewed using the new fiqh paradigm of Jamal al-Banna, namely the minimum age of marriage, wali’s ijbar rights, polygamy, and divorce
Breach of contract: an Indonesian experience in akad credit of sharia banking
Full text linkThis research aims to determine and analyze the implementation of the concept of profit-sharing in Islamic banking credit agreements based on regulations in force in Indonesia and also to find out and analyze defaults undertaken by customers in Islamic banking credit agreements. The method used in this research is normative juridical, which is a method that puts forward secondary data in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The secondary data in question such as Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia Banking, related books, and legal research journals. This research is based on the high community needs for capital to achieve the objectives of a business into a separate phenomenon. The concept of muamalah on the teachings of Islam that Muslims want to adhere to is one of the reasons for the birth of the concept of Islamic banking in Indonesia. The concept of profit sharing is one of the concepts known in Islamic banking. The risk of breach of contract by the customer is a necessity
Peran sumber daya manusia (SDM) dalam perkembangan perbankan syariah: sebuah analisis kualitas dan kinerja pegawai
No full textHuman resources have a very important role in a company organization especially when compared to other resources. Employee performance is a very important thing in an effort to achieve change in order to achieve its goals. This study discusses the influence of the quality of human resources on the performance of sharia banking employees in Aceh and how efforts should be made in improving the quality of sharia banking human resources in Aceh. The research method used is a mixed method (Mixed Method). Based on test variables obtained by tcount of 3.859 while t table of 2.048 the results of this calculation indicate that tcount t table with a significance level of 0.001 or probability above α = 5%. Thus the results of statistical calculations indicate that the variable quality of human resources has a significant influence on employee performance. Which means that the higher the quality of human resources, the higher the performance of employees in Islamic banking. Efforts to improve the quality of banking Human Resources can be done through: 1) Evaluation of a sustainable Islamic economic curriculum in higher education institutions. 2) Establish a faculty / Islamic economic study program in accordance with the needs of the Islamic banking market. 3) Higher Education collaborates with Bank Indonesia to carry out Islamic economic education and training for students and employees of Islamic banks. 5) Education and training on banking to improve the quality of human resources in sharia banking is a short-term effort that can be done now. While the efforts made in the long term are by organizing education that is synergized between the education provider (college) user (bank) and the person in charge of education (government)
Membongkar praktik kawin friend para wanita Sosialita di Surabaya
Full text linkThis research departed from three questions. The first, how does the practice of marriage friend for careers women in Surabaya? The second, why the practice of marriage friend for careers women in Surabaya? The third, how about Islamic law seen marriage friend practices for careers women in Surabaya? In order to answer the questions above, researcher conducted a qualitativer research using cass aproach. The necessary data of this study was collected by interview, observation, and revier of documentation. In order to articulate construction of careers women in Surabaya, whhich has collected data were analyzed using an inductive method. The results of this study indicate that there are two models of friend marriage in Surabaya. First, they practice friend marriage by looking for potential husbands through friends or the mass media and looking for religious leaders who can marry them. In this marriage the woman frees her husband from all obligations. Second, they chose the practice of marrying friends by finding their own husband and after finding them married at a distant or foreign place and usually this marriage ended after having a child. There are two reasons that Surabaya socialite women choose the practice of marrying a friend. First, the reason for the manivest is where they conduct this friend's marriage to free husbands from all obligations. Second, the latent reason, where they do this friend's marriage solely to seek biological satisfaction. Jurisprudence scholars disagree in addressing the practice of friendship in Surabaya. Some allow it because they see the terms of the marriage pillar have been fulfilled. There are those who forbid this friend's marriage model, this is because of the motivation caused by this friend's practice. According to them, this friend's marriage model is no different from gigolo rental practices
Sukuk model determinant as funding strategy of Islamic Bank in Indonesia
Full text linkThe Sukuk issued by Islamic banks in Indonesia has high flexibility and is a unique strategy in funding but in its implementation still faces many determinants that need to be identified. This research uses a qualitative approach and the type of research is exploratory with case study method. The research finds seven determinants of sukuk as an alternative source of fundraising. In fact, these 7 determinants are obstacles to the issuance of sukuk, so that Islamic banks in the issuance of sukuk tend to choose to become Special Purpose Vehicle and or as a selling agent of sukuk. If it is related to a special project, the Islamic bank will develop public fund raising with mudharabah-muqayadah contract. The sukuk model that is suitable and sought by investors in Islamic banks is sukuk based on revenue sharing which is partnership contract. It is since partnership sukuk yield reflects business reality and economic cycle so that it is fair for the owner of fund and fund manager
Analisis hukum Islam terhadap pengembangan wakaf berbasis sukuk untuk pemberdayaan tanah yang tidak produktif di Indonesia
Full text linkAbstract. Waqf has more flexibility than zakat so that the form of waqf will continue to grow in accordance with the times. The development of the waqf must still be in the corridor of the Shari'a so that the value of ubudiyah and iqtishadiyah remain. The potential of waqf land in Indonesia is so large, making the number of unproductive waqf land due to limited aspects of funding and management. Sukuk-based waqf innovation launched in early 2017 by the Government in order to maximize the potential of waqf land in Indonesia, only the legal aspects of sukuk itself are legally still legitimate. The methodology used is qualitative research methods through literature study, with normative juridical research types and secondary data sources collected by documentary and interview methods and analyzed descriptively qualitatively so that the level of synchronization and feasibility of norms is known. The results of this study are that waqf and sukuk stand from 2 different contract goals, namely tabarru and tijaroh contracts, which are combined in order to bring greater value to benefit. The position of the sukuk-based waqf law if it is built on the contract of sukuk ijarah which is almost similar to bai al-wafa according to the jumhur ulama is prohibited, except for Hanafi schools that allow it. This is in line with the DSN fatwa regarding sukuk and Article 112-113 of the KHES regarding Bai al-Wafa. Apart from differences of opinion in the context of fiqh, it is necessary to pay attention to the clear regulatory aspects that underlie sukuk-based waqf, pay attention to the administration of waqf assets both land and building certificates and waqf certificates and attention to sharia legality aspects so that the main purpose of waqf for the benefit of the people can still achieved without reducing the value or the form of waqf assetsAbstrak. Wakaf memiliki fleksibilitas yang lebih dibandingkan zakat sehingga bentuk wakaf akan terus berkembang sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman. Perkembangan wakaf tersebut tetap harus dalam koridor syariat sehingga nilai ubudiyah dan iqtishadiyah nya tetap ada. Potensi tanah wakaf di Indonesia yang begitu besar, menjadikan banyaknya tanah wakaf yang tidak produktif diakibatkan terbatasnya aspek pendanaan dan manajemen. Inovasi wakaf berbasis sukuk yang diluncurkan di awal 2017 oleh Pemerintah dalam rangka memaximalkan potensi tanah wakaf di Indonesia, hanya saja aspek hukum sukuk itu sendiri secara hukum masih khilafiah. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif melalui studi kepustakaan, dengan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif dan sumber data sekunder yang dikumpulkan dengan metode dokumenter dan wawancara lalu dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif sehingga diketahui taraf sikronisasi dan kelayakan norma. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa wakaf dan sukuk berdiri dari 2 tujuan akad yang berbeda yaitu akad tabarru dan tijaroh, yang digabungkan dalam rangka menghadirkan nilai maslahat yang lebih besar. Kedudukan hukum wakaf berbasis sukuk ini jika dibangun diatas akad sukuk ijarah yang hampir serupa bai al-wafa menurut jumhur ulama diharamkan, kecuali madzhab hanafi yang membolehkannya. Hal ini yang selaras dengan fatwa DSN tentang sukuk dan Pasal 112-113 KHES tentang bai al-wafa. Terlepas dari perbedaan pendapat dalam konteks fiqh ini, perlu diperhatikan aspek regulasi yang jelas yang melandasi wakaf berbasis sukuk ini, memperhatikan perapihan administrasi aset wakaf baik sertifikat tanah dan bangunan maupun sertifikat wakaf dan perlu diperhatikan aspek legalitas syariah agar tujuan utama wakaf untuk kemaslahatan umat tetap dapat tercapai tanpa mengurasi nilai ataupun wujud dari asset wakaf
Implementasi jaminan produk pangan halal di Jambi
Full text linkRiset ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana peran pemerintah terhadap peredaran produk pangan halal terutam yang beredara di Kota Kuala Tungkal dan Kota Jambi. Kota Kuala Tungkal adalah salah satu pintu masuknya peredaran barang impor yang terletak di wilayah Singapura, Johor, Riau (SIJORI). Makanan impor yang beredar pada umumnya sudah memiliki nomor register BPPOM, namun tidak memiliki label halal. Padahal undang-undang jaminanan produk halal sudah disahkan sejak 2014 oleh pemerintah. Pendekatan yang dipakai dalam riset ini adalah pendekatan fiqh. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Teknik purposive sampling dipilih untuk menentukan kriteria para informan yang akan diwawancarai yakni Ketua MUI dan kepala BPPOM Propinsi Jambi. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa regulasi jaminan pangan halal sudah diatur sejak lama di Indonesia, namun belum dapat diaplikasikan dengan baik. Hambatan dan tantangan implementasi jaminan produk halal muncul di lapangan terkait dengan tiga faktor yakni keterbatasan kewenangan stake holder di daerah, kurangnya anggaran, sumber daya manusia, dan infrastruktur yang kurang memadai
Al-faskh al-qada'iy wa atsaruhu fi istimrar al-uqud: dirasah tahliliyah min khilal al-qanun al-madani al-urduni (Judicial annulment and its effects on the continuation of contracts: An analytical study through the jordanian civil law)
No full textThe purpose of this research is to investigate the issue of the continuation of the contract after judicial annulment through an analytical study within the Jordanian civil law. The contract contains a force binding on its sides by its respect. The contract also, for both parties, within the framework of the organization of relations governed by the law, can not be vetoed by one of the amendments, unless the agreement or the law so authorized. This basic principle in the theory of contract, which is called binding force, or the basis of the contract of the law of the deceased, according to this rule is that no one of the contracting parties can revoke the contract or modify its provisions individually, unless the law permits it or there is agreement between it And between the other. However, there are cases in which the law allows a contractor to reach a contract revocation despite the other party's right to contract in the binding contracts of the two sides to request the judge to award the contract if the other party fails to fulfill its obligation, with the discretion of the judge in this case. These cases are exceptions to the rule of contract of the law of contracting, which is the subject of our research