Makara Journal of Science
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KAJIAN STRUKTUR DAN KARIOTIPE GADUNG (Dioscorea bulbifora L.) DI SUMATERA BARAT
No full textThe study of anatomical structure and karyotype of West Sumatran Dioscorea bulbifora L. Had been done from March 2005 to January 2006 in plant Structure and Development Laboratory of Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Andalas University. In present study were used descriptives and quantitatives method by preparing semi-permanent and permanent slide. Anatomycal structures of green aerial stem were consisting of epidermal, cortex with endodermoid cells and sclerechima tissue centripetally. Vascular bundle can be rocognized in three distinct rings with amphycribal type. Transverse section of leave anatomical composed by both a layer epidermal on upper and lower leaf surface, palysade parechima, and spons parenchyma (dorsiventral type). The stomata were anomocytic type on both upper and lower surface of leaf (amphystomatic type). Idioblast of cell raphides crystals and tannin containing founded in leaf structure. In transverse section each of eight individual bundle surrounded by sclerenchyma. The root anatomical structures consist of epidermal, cortex, endodermal (U shape wall thickening), pericycle and pith (with three ring of vascular bundles) centripetally. The air tuber lacking of starch grains containing of parenchyma cells. Idioblast cell expected contain of HCN distributed over all of tuber tissue. The somatic cell chromosome were diploid 2n=20 with basic chromosome number were x=10. Keywords: anatomycal structure, chromosome, Dioscorea bulbifora, transverse sectio
OBSERVATION ON THE FEEDING OF NUDIBRANCH Phyllidia varicosa LAMARCK, 1801 ON THE SPONGE Axinyssa cf. aculeata WILSON, 1925 IN CORAL REEFS OF PRAMUKA ISLAND, THOUSAND ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA
No full textDuring three months period observations (November 16 to January 13, 2001) in coral reefs of Pramuka Island Indonesia, the nudibranch Phyllidia varicosa was observed while feeding on the sponge Axinyssa cf. aculeata. During feeding, P. varicosa extended externally the pharyngeal bulb onto the sponge causing visible somatic damage. The behaviors of contracting the body and retracting the rhinopores inside the rhinotube were also observed while feeding. Observations on the feeding of Phyllidia varicosa on the sponge Axinyssa cf. aculeata and the presence of a visible somatic damage on the prey due to predation are reported for the first time.Keywords: Phyllidia varicosa, Axinyssa cf. Aculeata, feeding observatio
ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI SENYAWA KIMIA DARI EKSTRAK n-HEKSAN KULIT BATANG Garcinia rigida
No full textIsolation and Characterization Chemical Compounds from the Brak of Garcinia rigida. Garcinia rigida is an Indonesia original plant growing on Sumatera, Java, Kalimantan, and Maluku. Most of its genus have been researched and proven as medicinal plants. Two compounds have been isolated from n-hexane stem-bark of Garcinia Rigida. The two compounds are Stigmasterol (compound A) and a triterpen oleanolic acid (compound B).Keywords: Garcinia rigida, stogmasterol, triterpen, oleanolic acid
KANDUNGAN TOTAL ZAT PADAT TERSUSPENSI (TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID) DI PERAIRAN RAHA, SULAWESI TENGGARA
No full textTotal Suspended Solid Content in Raha Waters, Northeast of Celebes. Measurement on Total Suspended Solid (TSS) in Raha waters were carried out in May 2001. The results showed that the content of total suspended solid varied between 74,8 – 78,9 ppm with averages content is 76,5 ppm. This content is still suited to the threshold value stated by government decree in 1988 for fishery and sea conservation park, but not suitable for recreation (swimming, diving activity).Keywords: Raha waters, total suspended soli
KANDUNGAN SENYAWA KIMIA, UJI TOKSISITAS (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) DAN ANTIOKSIDAN (1,1-diphenyl-2-pikrilhydrazyl) DARI EKSTRAK DAUN SAGA (Abrus precatorius L.)
No full textChemical Compound Gynecology, ToxinTest (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) and Antioxidants (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Pikrilhydrazyl) from Saga Leaf Extract (Abrus Precatorius L.). Cytotoxicity effects and antioxidant activities of saga (Abrus precatorius L.) extract were studied by using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test and 1,1-diphenyl-2-pikrilhydrazyl assays. Saga was extracted with different solvents i.e n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Result showed that the methanolic extract of saga had been potential to be cytotoxic againts Brine Shrimp with LC50 value of 606.736 ppm.However, all the extract of saga did not have antioxidant activities. Keywords: cytotoxic effects, antioxidant activities, Abrus precatorius L. extrac
KARAKTERISTIK DAN VARIABILITAS BULANAN ANGIN PERMUKAAN DI PERAIRAN SAMUDERA HINDIA
No full text Monthly Characteristic and Variability of Surface Wind Over the Indian Ocean. This research was conducted to understand monthly characteristic and variability of surface wind circulation over the Indian Ocean. The method used in this research was descriptive analysis. The data used was the monthly direction and velocity of surface wind obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The result showed that the monthly variability of surface wind circulation over the Indian Ocean is influenced by movement of the sun. The change in the variability of surface wind circulation was more in the northern hemisphere, but vice versa surface wind circulation in the southern hemisphere was constant during the year. Generally, velocity of surface wind circulation was the greatest occurred in July and was the weakness occurred in April. Keywords: surface wind circulation, Indian Ocean, NOA
PERTUMBUHAN Chlorella spp. DALAM MEDIUM EKSTRAK TAUGE (MET) DENGAN VARIASI pH AWAL
No full textThe Growth of Chlorella spp. in Tauge Extract Medium (TEM) with Various Initial pH. Research on the effect of tauge extract medium initial pH value on Chlorella Beijerinck cell densities at peak condition had been done. The research was an experimental study with complete random design with 5 treatments (tauge extract medium with initial pH 5,6,7,8, and 9). At peak condition the highest cell density (5.677.625 sel/ml) was occured in medium with initial pH 7 and the lowest (3.374.100 sel/ml) in medium with initial pH 5. Anova test shown that there was an effect (p value>0,05) of tauge extract medium initial pH value on Chlorella cell densities (cell/ml) at peak condition. Multiple comparison test showed that mean of cell numbers of Chlorella differed among treatments (p value>0,05) except between media with initial pH 8 and 9.Keywords: Chlorella, cell densities, tauge extract medium, peak, medium initial p
SUSPENSI DAN ENDAPAN SEDIMEN DI PERAIRAN LAUT JAWA
No full textSuspension and Sedimentation Studies in Java Sea Water. Oceanography study of the Java Sea Water has been doneon September 2004. The lowest total suspended solid in the water surface was 0.018 gr/l at the south part of Kalimantanand the highest was 0.053 gr/l at the west part of South Kalimantan. The lowest total suspended solid values in themedium sea level was about 0.023 gr/l at the west part of Pancel and reaches the value of 0.051 gr/l at the west part ofSouth Kalimantan. At the bottom of deep sea level, the lowest total suspended solid value were about 0.022 gr/l at the west by south of South Kalimantan and the highest was found in the west part of South Kalimantan which has the value of 0.051 gr/l. The sediment has a yellowish brown color in the depth of several centimeters which indicates of highly sedimentation supply from the river. Sediment at the bottom of South Kalimantan waters which is located near the land was found more like a mud on the surface and silt on the inside.Keywords: South Kalimantan, pollution, sedimen
PENGARUH KELEMBABAN TERHADAP SIFAT OPTIK FILM GELATIN
No full textHumidity Dependence of Optical Properties of Gelatin Films. Humidity dependence of optical properties of gelatin films prepared by casting technique has been investigated. Gelatin films was investigated its optical properties to varied humidity condition. Optical responses investigated are optical transmission and absorption at visible light spectrum measured utilizing a UV-Vis (Ultraviolet – Visible) spectrophotometer. The results of optical transmittance and absorbance obtained shows an optical response of gelatin films in widely visible light spectrum within range 530 – 680 nm, with most clearly response in a spectrum band in 580 – 650 nm. Different humidity treatment cause a significantly change of optical characteristics, that is the transmittance and absorbance change in to humidity. Transmittance of gelatin films increase with increasing humidity in a range 580 – 650 nm, in contrast with absorbance that is decrease with increasing humidity. Plot of transmission and absorption intensity with varied humidity from 37%RH to 99%RH at 610 nm exhibited a good linearity. Two samples showed same characteristics. Keywords: gelatin, optical properties, humidity senso
MENENTUKAN NILAI EKSTREM SUKU BANYAK TERTENTU DENGAN PERTIDAKSAMAAN RATA-RATA
No full textA method for finding the extreme of certain polynomials using inequalities of the mean. A polynomial y = p(x) is continuous and differentiable on its domain R. Therefore, at any closed interval, the graph attains both the maximum and minimum values in the stationary points or the borders of the interval. The method commonly used to find the extremum is Calculus by using derivatives. This paper presents a method for finding the extremum of certain polynomials using inequalities of the mean based on de Alwis’s work. Keywords: algebraic mean, geometric mean, inequalityof the means.