Makara Journal of Science
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BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE MARINE WATER IN THE COASTAL OF THE NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE, INDONESIA
No full textThe main objective of this research was to study the marine bacteriology of the coast of North Sulawesi. The study was accomplished by calculating the abundance of coliform, heterotrophic, and pathogenic bacteria, and analyzing the coexistence relationship between bacteria and phytoplanktons. This research, which included the sampling and laboratory works, has been carried out on 25 – 28 October, 2000. The results suggested that the abundance of each bacteria was as follows: coliform bacteria range between 227-5940 cfu/100 ml with averages 1814.1 cfu/100 ml, found in all stations; heterotrophic bacteria range between (1-82) x 103 cfu/ml with averages 12.1 x 103 cfu/ml, it was high density and has association with phytoplankton Trichodesmium thieubautii. It was also found 6 species of pathogen bacteria e.g. Aeromonas, Citrobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Yersinia and Shigella. The presence of coliform and pathogen bacteria was indicator of low quality of the seawater in the sampling area. Based on bacteriological study, the North Sulawesi Coastal is not suitable for aquaculture and need treatment and controlled for further coastal exploitation. Keywords: bacteria, distribution, abundance, relationshi
PENAPISAN GALUR KEDELAI Glycine max (L.) Merrill TOLERAN TERHADAP NaCl UNTUK PENANAMAN DI LAHAN SALIN
No full textScreening of Soybean Cultivars Glycine max (L.) Merrill under Sodium Chloride Stress Condition. Salinity is one of the most serious and widespread agricultural problems resulting in losses of yield. Generally, as land is more intensively cultivated, the salinity problem becomes more severe. A high concentration of NaCl greatly reduces growth of both the shoot and the root. One strategy available to cope with saline soil is to choose salt-tolerance crops or to select salt-tolerance cultivars within a crop. Experiments were conducted to asses the performance of ten cultivars soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) to salt stress at germination and seedling stages. Salinity treatments were begun by adding 70, 80, 90, and 100 mM NaCl to the basal nutrient solution. According to germination percentage, freshweight/dry weight ratios, and the percentage of dead apical buds we suggest that Wilis, Malabar and Sindoro were tolerant lines, Genjah Jepang, Lokan, and Tidar were moderate and the sensitive lines were Lumut, Yellow Biloxy, Si Cinang and Sriyono.Keywords: NaCl, saline soil, soybea
MODULASI JUNCTION ANTAR SEL MENGGUNAKAN PEPTIDA KADHERIN UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PENGHANTARAN OBAT
No full textModulation of Intercellular Junction by Utilization of Cadherin Peptides as an Effort to Improve Drug Delivery. Rapid advances in combinatorial chemistry and molecular biology has influenced the discovery of many proteins, peptides and peptidomimetics as potential therapeutic agents. Unfortunately, the practical application of these potential drugs is often restricted by the difficulties of delivering them to target site(s) due to the presence of biological barriers. Recently, a new method to improve the drug delivery, that is by modulating the intercellular junction, has been evaluated. Modulation of intercellular junction could be achieved by modulating the proteins which play important role in establishing the intercellular junction, one of which is cadherin. In the present work we have demonstrated the ability of several cadherin peptides, i.e. Ac-LFSHAVSSNG-NH2 (HAV-10), Ac-SHAVSS-NH2 (HAV-6), Ac-QGADTPPVGV-NH2 (ADT-10), and Ac-ADTPPV-NH2 (ADT-6) to modulate the intercellular junction of MDCK(Madin Darby Canine Kidney) cells, this finding is a contribution to the establishment of a new method to improve the drug delivery by utilization of cadherin peptides by modulating the intercellular junction.Keywords: Intercellular junction, peptide, cadherin, drug delivery, MDCK cells
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF [Bis(DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE) Bis(2,2’-PYRIDYL)QUINOLINE)IRON(II)]Bis-(TETRAPHENYLBORATE)
No full textThe goal of this research is to obtain single crystal and structural information of iron(II) complex with 2,(2’- pyridyl)quinoline(pq) ligands. The reaction of iron(II) salt with 2,(2’-pyridyl)quinoline ligand and sodium tetraphenylborate in the molar ratio of 1:3:2 in methanol-N,N-dimethylformamide(dmf) solution results in an iron(II) complex. The formula of the [Fe(pq)2(dmf)2](BPh4)2 complex has been obtained from the iron(II) and C, H, N contents. Single crystal of [Fe(pq)2(dmf)2](BPh4)2 suitable for X-ray investigation was obtained by evaporation of the complex solution in N,N-dimethylformamide at room temperature after 24 hours. This compound crystallizes in monoclinic system with C2/c space group, a = 27.950(4), b = 14.169(7), c = 17.717(9) Å and β = 105.669(11)°. The structure consist of iron(II) is chelated by two pq ligands through the N atoms and two dmf molecules in a six-coordination environment. The charge of the [Fe(pq)2(dmf)2]2+ cation is balanced by two tetraphenylborate (BPh4)- anions. Keywords: crystal structure, distorted octahedral, [Fe(pq)2(dmf)2](BPh4)
IN VITRO CULTURE OF Pogostemon cablin BENTH. (NILAM PLANT): THE EFFECT OF NAA AND BAP ON EMBRYOGENIC CALLUS PROLIFERATION AND SUBSEQUENT SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS
No full textAn experiment to investigate the somatic embryogenesis from shoot-derived callus of Pogostemon cablin (nilam plant) has been conducted at the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Faculty, University of Jambi from January through to July 2004. Callus proliferation was induced on explants taken from young shoots cultured on solid MS medium supplemented with phytohormones NAA (0.8, 1.1, 1.4, and 1.7 ppm) and BAP (1.1, 1.4, 1.7, and 2.0 ppm) under in vitro conditions. Cultures were maintained at 25 1 oC, light intensity 50 mol m-2 s-1, and 16 hours photoperiod. The results indicated that all cultured explants showed positive responses on callus proliferation on all treatments within two weeks of culture initiation. The effect of phytohormones, however, was unspecific as all callus showed similar properties, from non-embryogenic to embryogenic. The addition of NAA and/or BAP to the culturemedium was not significantly affected the number of days to callus proliferation. Callus fresh weight was significantlyaffected by NAA (P = 0.01) or BAP (P = 0.05), but the interaction of these phytohormones resulted in a non-significant effect on callus fresh weight (P = 0.18). Also, BAP significantly affected callus dry weight (P =0.03). However,neither NAA nor its interaction with BAP significantly affected callus dry weight (P = 0.07 and 0.16, subsequently).Embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus were subcultured separately onto new fresh media with the same compositionas for callus induction. Following this subculture, embryogenic callus regenerated somatic embryos within ten days, whereas non-embryogenic callus did not show any symptom of embryogenesis, and lost their proliferative capacity aftersix weeks of subculture. The regenerated somatic embryos continued to grow to form profuse mass of young plantletsready for in vivo acclimatization.Keywords: Pogostemon cablin, nilam, patchouli oil, tissue culture, in vitro culture, NAA, BA
KANDUNGAN BAHAN ORGANIK, N-ALKANA, AROMATIK DAN TOTAL HIDROKARBON DALAM SEDIMEN DI PERAIRAN RAHA KABUPATEN MUNA, SULAWESI TENGGARA
No full textThe content of organic material, n-alkana, aromatic compound and hydrocarbon total in the sediment was carried out in the waters of Raha, Southeast of Sulawesi. Investigation on content of organic material, n-alkana, aromatic compound and hydrocarbon total in the sediment was carried out in the waters of Raha, Southeast of Sulawesi in June 2001. The results showed that the sediment at station 1 and 4 were polluted by hydrocarbon compound. This condition is showed by F1/F2 ratio (comparation between saturated hydrocarbon fraction with aromatic hydrocarbons fraction) > 1. According to NAS (National Academy of Science) criteria on total hydrocarbon content, station 2 and 5 only were polluted by hydrocarbons compound (>100 ppm).Keywords: Raha waters, hydrocarbon, sedimen
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI BAHAN AKTIF PENYEBAB PEMANCARAN CAHAYA PADA BAKTERI Photobacterium phosphoreum YANG DIISOLASI DARI CUMI LAUT JEPARA INDONESIA
No full textIsolation and Identification of Active Compound Cause Light Emmitting of Bacterial Photobacterium phosphoreum Isolated from the Indonesia Jepara Marine Squid. This research carried out to study the bioluminescence process of bacterial Photobacterium phosphoreum isolated from Indonesia marine squid. The method used in the present study involved isolation, purification, electrophoresis, and the absorbance and light intensity measurement. This result show that the luciferace enzyme of bacterial Photobacterium phosphoreum or called LBPP catalyzes the emission of visible light from the reaction of reduced flavin mononucleotide (FMNH2), molecular oxygen(O2), and an aldehyde (RCOH). The electrophoresis data show that LBPP comprised of two different subunits α and β with 41kD and 38 kD molecular weights. The absorb pattern showed that the bioluminescence process centered around 516 nm and are consistent with the fluorescence data. This result concluded that the excitation state formed after LBPP bind subtracts and the ground state formed after LBPP releases product and visible light.Keywords: Bioluminescence, Photobacterium phosphoreum, α and β subunits, absorbance and light intensitymeasuremen
VARIABILITAS SUHU DAN SALINITAS DI PERAIRAN CISADANE
No full text The Temperature and Salinity Variabilities at Cisadane Estuary. The study was conducted at Cisadane Estuary at 18 oceanographic station in Transition Monsoon Season I, East Monsoon Season, and Transition Monsoon Season II from 2003 to 2005. The area of the study was located at the longitude of 106.58° - 106.70° E and the latitude of 5.96° - 6.02°S. The measurements of temperature, salinity, tubidity and light transmision used CTD (Conductivity, Temperature and Depth) Model SBE-19. The result shows that the temperature and salinity vertical profil variabilities at Cisadane Estuary underwent a change in the influence of Transition Monsoon Season I, East Monsoon Season, and Transition Monsoon Season II, for example it was obtained the leg time of the maximum salinity of Transition Monsoon Season II as the same as that of East Monsoon Season. Based on the horizontal and vertical distribution pattern analysis of the interaction between low salinity fresh water of Cisadane River and high salinity sea water of Java Sea, it was also influenced by the season variability and tide. The surface layer was much more influenced by the low salinity and the heat of sunray (seasonal variability) with the weaker intensity to the lower layer. The change of the heat energy by the increase of seasonal temperature occurred in September 2003 to May 2004 ((∆E = 600.6 ⋅ 105 Joule), July to November 2005 (∆E = 84.9 Joule). The decrease of the heat energy occurred in June to September 2003 ((-267.6 ⋅ 105), May ke October 2004 (∆E = 189.3 ⋅ 105 Joule) and October 2004 to July 2005 (∆E = -215.4 ⋅ 105 Joule). Keywords: variability, temperature, salinity, monsoon, Cisadan
FAUNA EKHINODERMATA DARI PERAIRAN TANJUNG MERAH SELAT LEMBEH – SULAWESI UTARA
No full textNotes on the Echinoderm Fauna of the Tanjung Merah Bay Waters Sulawesi Utara. A total of 21 species of echinoderms, belonging to of 5 species holothuroidea, 5 species of asteroidea, 4 species echinoidea and 7 species ophiuroidea have been found in the Tanjung Merah of Sulawesi Utara. The Ophiuroidea were relatively common in the sea grass zone. On the basis of population density, Ophiuroidea was the dominant group and relatively highest in the individual density. The species composition, community structure, zonation, and spatial distribution of echinoderm fauna are discussed in this paper.Keywords: Echinoderm, Tanjung Merah, Sulawesi Utar
Pemanfaatan Herba Seledri (Apium Graveolens L.) Untuk Menurunkan Kolesterol Dan Lipid Dalam Darah Tikus Putih Yang Diberi Diit Tinggi Kolesterol Dan Lemak
No full textIt has been known that celery herbs (Apium graveolens L) contain unsaturated fatty acid, so it could be used as hypocholesterolemia and hypolipidemia agents. A study about the effect of celery herbs juice to cholesterole and lipidblood concentration high feeding cholesterol and lipid diet white rat, has been carried out. In this observation, 30 (thirty) male white rats with 150 to 200 g of weight and 4 months of age were used and divided into five groups randomly. The first group was as a normal control, the second group was given high cholesterol and lipid diet 2,5 g/200g bow (body weight)/day as a treatment control. For the third, the fourth and the fifth groups, each of them was given with high cholesterol and lipid diet in the same quantity with the second group and get celery herb juice with 0,14 g/200 g bow/day; 0,72 g/200 g bow/day; 3,6 g/200 g bow/day dosage. After six weeks of treatment, the rats were surgeried, the blood was taken out from the heart and then total cholesterol and total lipid concentration were measured. The results showed that all of dosages of celery herb juice has lowering cholesterol and lipid effects, but did not decrease the total cholesterol and total lipid concentration significantly.Keywords: Celery herb, cholesterole, lipi