Makara Journal of Science
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UJI PENDAHULUAN EFEK KOMBINASI ANTIJAMUR INFUS DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle L.), KULIT BUAH DELIMA (Punica granatum L.), DAN RIMPANG KUNYIT (Curcuma domestica Val.) TERHADAP JAMUR CANDIDA ALBICANS
No full textTheinvestigation for antifungal effect of medicinal plants, combination infusion of Piper bettle leaves, Punicagranatum Fructus Cortec, Curcuma domestica Rhizome. The tested demartophyta used Candida albicans. This research using dilution method to determine of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and difusion method to determine zone inhibition around of disc. The results of determination of MIC showed that combination infusion Piper bettle leaves with Punica granatum Fructus Cortex against C. albicans respectively, 31,2 mg/ml : 7,8 mg/ml; 15,6 mg/ml : 15,6 mg/ml and 7,8 mg/ml : 31,2 mg/ml. The determination for zone inhibition from 3 concentration of infusion of Piper bettle leaves with 3 concentration of Punica granatum Fructus Cortex with 9 combination against C. albicans showed that combination of two infusion is the larger than the single infusion.Keywords: Punica granatum, Curcuma domestica, infeksi jamur Candida, antifungi Piper betl
PREPARATION of [BzMe3N]2[Na2W4O12(OMe)4(MeOH)6].6MeOH
No full textAnattempt to prepare trinuclear tungsten oxoalkoxides [BzMe3N]3[W3O8(OMe)5] from the reaction betweenWO2(OMe)2, [BzMe3N]2WO4 and [BzMe3N](OMe) in the ratio of 2:1:1 in MeOH produced [BzMe3N]2[Na2W4O12(OMe)4(MeOH)6].6MeOH. Suitable crystals for X-ray chrystallographic studies were obtained from hot mixture of methanol-acetonitrile solution. The I.R., 1H-NMR, and microanalysis data including crystal structure of [Na2W4O12(OMe)4(MeOH)6]2- anion are reported.Keywords : sodium molybdenum oxoalkoxide, [BzMe3N]+ cation = [(C6H5CH2)N(CH3)3]+, X-ray crystallographicstructur
BIODIVERSITAS CYANOBACTERIA DARI BEBERAPA SITU/DANAU DI KAWASAN JAKARTA-DEPOK-BOGOR, INDONESIA
No full textBiodiversity of Cyanobacteria from several ponds/lakes of Jakarta-Depok-Bogor, Indonesia. Research about the exploration on Cyanobacteria diversity from several ponds/lakes of Jakarta-Depok-Bogor area was done. Five research locations were Sunter 2 Lake of North Jakarta, Babakan Pond of South Jakarta, Ulin-Salam dan Agathis Pond at UI Campus of Depok, dan Lido Lake of Bogor. Samples were taken by purposive sampling, and samples analysis using subsample methode. The sampling times were on August to September 2006. Three types of samples which were taken were planktonic samples, epifitic samples, and waters bank soil samples. The results showed that several toxic potential Cyanobacteria were found in several waters, even they were dominant at Sunter 2 Lake dan Agathis Pond (UI Campuss). Based on similarity levels of Cyanobacteria, the five of waters could be classied into 3 group, i.e. Sunter 2 Lake and Agathis Pond, Babakan dan Ulin-Salam Pond, dan Lido Lake. Lido Lake waters was very unique on distribution and diversity of Cyanobacteria. Based on diversity Index (H’) of Cyanobacteria, several waters condition could be catagories as moderate waters, i.e. Babakan, Situ Ulin-Salam, and Situ Agathis Pond. The epifitic and waters bank soil Cyanobacteria which were found were also found as planktonik species except Oscillatoria sp. 3. At least 26 isolate of Cyanobacteria were acquired such as Miicrocystis, Oscillatoria, Gloeocapsa, Merismopedia, Planktothrix, dan Arthrospira. Keywords: Cyanobacteria; dominant; toxic; diversity; similarit
APPLICATION OF MULTIVARIATE ANFIS FOR DAILY RAINFALL PREDICTION: INFLUENCES OF TRAINING DATA SIZE
No full textThis study investigates the use of multi variable Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in predicting daily rainfall using several surface weather parameters as predictors. The data used in this study comes from automatic weather station data collected in Timika airport from January until July 2005 with 15-minute time interval. We found out that relative humidity is the best predictor with a stable performance regardless of training data size and low RMSE amount especially in comparison to those from other predictors. Other predictors shows no consistent performances with different training data size. Performances of ANFIS reach a slightly above 0.6 in correlation values for daily rainfall data without any filtering for up to 100 data in a time series. The performance of ANFIS is sensitive to the magnitude and scale differences among predictors, thus suggesting introducing a transforming and scaling factor or functions. Application of multivariate ANFIS is relatively new in Indonesia. However, results presented here indicate some promises and possible roadmaps for improvements. Keywords: ANFIS, humidity, rainfal
BIODEGRADASI FENANTREN OLEH BAKTERI LAUT Pseudomonas sp KalP3b22 ASAL KUMAI KALIMANTAN TENGAH
No full textThe Biodegradation of Phenanthren by Marine Bacteria Pseudomonas sp KalP3b22 from Kumai Central Borneo. The study of the potential marine bacteria that degrade Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) was already done among several marine bacterium isolated from the contaminated sea water collected in Kumai Port area. The biodegradation rate of phenanthrene by selected bacteria Pseudomonas sp Kalp-3b22 was 59,5% after 29 days cultivation. The structural determination of degradation product was deduced as 1-naphtalenol. Keywords: Phenanthrene, biodegradation, Pseudomonas sp
The Effect of Administration of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) Roots on Lactating Mice to Increase Body Weight Pups. The roots of Eurycoma longifolia Jack have been used as a traditional medicine for aprodisiac. The effects of the root extract of
No full textThe Effect of Administration of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) Roots on Lactating Mice to Increase Body Weight Pups. The roots of Eurycoma longifolia Jack have been used as a traditional medicine for aprodisiac. The effects of the root extract of E. longifolia Jack were studied on lactating mice. Each mice was administered metanol extract and its derived fractions at dose 500 mg/kg rat body weight for 21 consecutive days in lactation period. Control positive group received Moloco+B12 at dose 0,13 g/kg rat body weight, negative control (placebo) group received 2 ml/kg rat body weight of aquadest daily and normal control group. No differences between normal control, negative control, positive control, and metanol extract and its derived fractions. The administration methanol-water fraction to lactating mice increasing body weight mice pups similar to Moloco+B12. Keywords: Eurycoma longfolia Jack., lactating mice, mice pups body weigh
MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED PROTEIN DARI Melastoma affine
No full textIsolation and Cloning of cDNA Fragment of Gene Encoding for Multidrug Resistance Associated Protein from M. affine. M. affine can grow well in acid soil with high level of soluble aluminum. One of the important proteins in the detoxifying xenobiotic stress including acid and Al stresses is a multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) encoded by mrp gene. The objective of this research is to isolate and clone the cDNA fragment of MaMrp encoding MRP from M. affine. By reverse transcription, total cDNA had been synthesized from the total RNA as template. The fragment of cDNA MaMrp had been successfully isolated by PCR by using total cDNA as template and mrp primer designed from A. thaliana, yeast, and human. This fragment was successfully inserted into pGEM-T Easy and the recombinant plasmid was successfully introduced into E. coli DH5α. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the lenght of MaMrp fragment is 633 bp encoding 208 amino acids. Local alignment analysis based on nucleotide of mRNA showed that MaMrp fragment is 69% identical to AtMrp1 and 63% to AtMrp from A. thaliana. Based on deduced amino acid sequence, MaMRP is 84% identical to part of AtMRP13, 77% to AtMRP12, and 73% to AtMRP1 from A. Thaliana respectively. Alignment analysis with AtMRP1 showed that MaMRP fragment is located in TM1 and NBF1 domains and has a specific amino acid sequence QCKAQLQNMEEE. Keywords: Multidrug resistance protein, cDNA, cloning, PCR, Melastoma affin
Studi Transformasi Fasa Sistem Besi Karbon Dengan Pengamatan Thermal Diferensial
No full textPhase Transformation Studies of Fe-C System with Differential Thermal Analyzer: Phase transformation studies for ironcarbon(Fe-C) system have been done by means of Differential Thermal Analyzer, DTA. Fe-C samples of nominal compositionsfor respectively low carbon containing alloy (0.1 wt.%), hypo eutectoid (0.4 wt.%), and eutectoid (0.8 wt.%) were preparedby powder metallurgy process using pure Fe and C powder materials (>99 %) as the feed stock. Measurement by DTA in the temperature range 25 oC–1100 oC for the samples indicated that there are two endothermic temperatures transition in pure Fe sample respectively at 773.8 oC associated with phase transformation of ferromagnetic (α) to paramagnetic (β) and at 930 oC due to a phase transformation of β-ferrite to austenite (γ). The two transition temperature was also consistently observed in all Fe-C samples but with one additional temperature transition at about 753 oC associated with a phase transformation of pearlite to austenite. Data of heat change measurement in the temperature range 25 oC-1100 oC were subsequently used for determination of heat capacity, Cp for the Fe-C samples as the function of T. Cp (T) curves when fi tted by polynomial regression have resulted in regression coeffi cients between 0.8 and 1.0.Keywords: Pearlite, eutectoid, ferromagnetic, entalphy, iron-carbon system, phase transformatio
GENERIC REED SOLOMON ENCODER
No full textReed Solomon (RS) codes is a mechanism to detect and correct burst of errors in data transmission and storage systems. It provides a solid introduction to foundation mathematical concept of Galois Field algebra and its application. With the development of digital hardware technology, the RS concepts were brought into reality, i.e. the implementation of RS codec chips. This paper presents the development steps of a generic RS encoder using VHDL. The encoder is able to handle generic width of data, variable length of information, number of error as well as variable form of primitive polynomial and generator polynomial used in the system. The design has been implemented for FPGA chip Xilinx XC3S200-5FT256 and has a better performance than commercially available equivalent encoder. Keywords: reed solomon, error correction codes, galois field, VHD
EFFECT OF MIXED SOLVENTS CONSISTING OF WATER AND ORGANIC SOLVENT ON PREPARATION OF MEDIUM-RESPONSIVE GRAFTED CELLULOSE FILM BY MEANS OF PHOTOGRAFTING
No full textCellulose having a medium-responsive function were synthesized by photografting of methacrylic acid (MAA) on regenerated cellulose film (thickness = 20 µm) at 60°C using mixed solvent consisting of water and organic solvents such as acetone and methanol. Xanthone was used as photoinitiator by coating on the film surfaces. A maximum percentage of grafting was observed at a certain concentration of organic solvent. MAA-grafted cellulose films produced showing homogeneous distribution of grafted chains, which was examined by scanning electron icroscopy. The modified films also exhibit medium responsive character, it shrinks in acidic and swells in basic solution. Moreover, the grafted film exhibited the ability to absorb copper ion, which was not influenced by the solvent used in grafting processes. Keywords: Photografting, mixed-solvent, regenerated cellulose film, methacrylic acid, pH-responsive character, absorption of cupric io