Makara Journal of Science
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SYNTHESIS OF Na-Y NANOZEOLITE ON GLASSY CARBON BY SEEDING METHOD
No full textNanozeolite synthesis was carried out through seeding method, in which the seed was Y zeolite (member of faujasite, FAU, family) using tetraethyl orto silicate (TEOS) as silica source, and aluminium isopropoxide Al[(CH3)2CHO)]3 as aluminum source, and tetramethylammoniumhydroxide (TMAOH) as template, under hydrothermal condition. The seeds then were grown on glassy carbon (GC) sheet, that prior being used was modified, using layer by layer (LbL) technique, with three layers of polyelectrolytes: Poly(diallyldimethylammoniumchloride), PDDA; Poly-4 sodiumstyrenesulfonate, PSS; and PDDA again. The seeded GC sheet then was immersed into colloidal suspension with molar composition as follow: 14Na2O: Al2O3: 10SiO2: 798H2O: 3Na2SO4 and the pH of the suspension was kept at 9,0 before was treated hydrothermally for 20 hours at 100 oC. The variation on number of seed layers on GC (1, 2 and 3 layers), observed by SEM, showed that homogenous structure and crystal size was obtained with 1 layer of seeds applied on the surface of glassy carbon. When more layers of seeds applied, the agregation and intergrowth of zeolite crystals in the thin film of zeolite became more visible. XRD pattern of the as-prepared thin film zeolite indicates that the zeolite has nanoparticle structure. Furthermore, the pattern of glassy carbon predominated the XRD pattern and covered the pattern of Y-zeolite. On the other hand, XRD of as prepared bulk Y-zeolite shows structure of FAU framework.Keywords: glassy carbon, FAU, nanozeolite, seeding metho
STUDY ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION AND THE EFFECT OF HEATING ON THE MALATHION RESIDUE ANALYZED USING RADIOTRACER METHOD
No full textThe aim of this study is to determine, the comparison of absorption by aquatic plants Hydrilla verticillata and Water hyacinth (Eichhomia crassipes) of malathion insecticide residues in water and comparison of malathion concentration in tissues of fish fed with of contaminated water plants (Water hyacinth) with tissues of fish, which was not fed contaminated water plant. The effect of heating the contaminated fish tissue, on its level in tissues of rats that consume it. For the first experiment (aquarium filled with 3 litre of water + H. verticillata 100 gr + Water hyacinth 100 gr + 20 uci 14C-labeled malathion); for the second experiment (the first aquarium filled with 3 litre of water + 30 tails of goldfish + 20 uci 14C-labeled malathion; second aquarium filled with 3 litre of water + Water hyacinth 100 gr + 30 tail of goldfist + 20 uci 14C –labeled malathion. For the third experiment (most of contaminated fish tissue in the second experiment was dried at room temperature and then given to 30 mice and partly heated and then given to another 30 mice). Malathion levels were then analyzed by using a liquid scintillation counter LSC-753 (Aloka). The results of all treatments were compared using the Student t-test. It can be concluded, H. verticillata was more efficient compared to the enceng gondok in absorbing the insecticide malathion residues in water; malathion concentration in the tissues of fish fed Water hyacinth was higher than those of fish not fed Water hyacinth; contaminated fish tissue residues of malathion, although be heated, can not be lowered significantly, levels in the tissue.Keywords: 14C-labeled malathion, Hydrilla verticillata, water hyacint
PURIFIKASI DAN PENCIRIAN ENZIM PROTEASE FIBRINOLITIK DARI EKSTRAK JAMUR MERANG
No full textJamur merang (Volvariela volvaceae) merupakan jamur pangan yang secara empiris diduga dapat melancarkan peredaran darah sehubungan dengan kandungan enzim fibrinolitik yang dimilikinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan enzim protease murni yang bersifat fibrinolitik dan penciriannya dari ekstrak jamur merang. Pemurnian dilakukan secara bertahap, yaitu presipitasi amonium sulfat 75%, dialisis dengan menggunakan membran dialisis (cutoff 10 kDa), dan kromatografi pertukaran ion dengan matriks DEAE Sepharose. Fraksi eluat DEAE-Sepharose aktif mempunyai dua subunit protein dengan bobot molekul 12,9 dan 15,8 kDa. Eluat memiliki aktivitas spesifik 0,383 U/mg dengan tingkat kemurniannya mencapai 2,7 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ekstrak kasarnya. Analisis pencirian enzim dilakukan terhadap ekstrak kasar dan eluat murni. Aktivitas ekstrak kasar dan eluat mencapai optimum pada suhu 50 ºC dan pH 7 dengan waktu inkubasi 10 menit. Pada kondisi optimum, aktivitas protease eluat lebih besar daripada ekstrak kasarnya. Enzim dihambat kuat oleh inhibitor fenilmetilsulfonil fluorida dan N-p-tosil-L-lisinklorometil keton yang menunjukkan golongan protease serin. Profil zimografi fibrin memperlihatkan bahwa enzim mampu mendegradasi substrat fibrin. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa ekstrak dan eluat protease murni dari jamur merang (V. volvaceae) mempunyai aktivitas fibrinolitik yang potensial dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif terapi trombolitik
ANION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF CHROMATE ON MODIFIED ZEOLITE CLINOPTILOLITE WITH HDTMA-Br AND ITS REGENERATION
No full textZeolite Clinoptilolite from Lampung, located in South of Sumatra, had been modified with surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) as chromate anion exchanger. Surfactant modified zeolite (SMZ) Clinoptilolite in particle size range of 1.5 - 2.0 mm, which contained 196.7 mmol HDTMA-Br/kg zeolite, was used for anion exchange of chromate at neutral pH. This experiment was conducted in a glass column filled with 5 gram SMZ. The breakthrough chromate exchange capacity was found 1.262 mg/g SMZ, while the total capacity was found 2.107 mg/g SMZ. The regeneration of SMZ saturated with chromate was conducted using a mixed solutions of 0.28 M Na2CO3 and 0.5 M NaOH, compared with using a solution of 0.01 M Na2S2O4. The desorption of chromate achieved 92% with the mixed solutions of Na2CO3 and NaOH and 90% with the Na2S2O4 solution. The regenerated SMZ with Na2CO3-NaOH solutions was prior washed with HCl solution to remove the carbonate from SMZ, before being used for chromate sorption again. Its breakthrough capacity was reduced to 1.074 mg/g SMZ, and to 0.724 mg/g SMZ when regenerated with Na2S2O4 solution. These results indicated that regeneration of SMZ affected its exchange capacity for anion chromate. However, it is still could be acceptable, when Na2CO3/NaOH solutions were used for the regeneration of SMZ saturated with anion chromate.Keywords: anion exchange capacity, chromate, regeneration, SMZ, zeolite clinoptilolit
SYNTHESIS OF Mg/Al HYDROTALCITE-LIKE FROM BRINE WATER AND ITS APPLICATION FOR METHYL ORANGE REMOVAL: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
No full textThe objective of this research is to synthesis of Mg/Al hydrotalcite-like (Mg/Al HTlc) from brine water and its application as a methyl orange (MO) removal. The research initiated with the synthesis of Mg/Al HTlc from brine water, which is well known as the desalination process wastewater. Characterization of the Mg/Al HTlc synthesized was confirmed through X-ray Diffraction and FT-IR Spectroscopy. The determination of optimum acidity, adsorption rate, and energy and capacity adsorption were studied. The result showed that pH 4 was the optimum acidity for the adsorption of MO on Mg/Al HTlc. MO was adsorbed at pseudo-second order adsorption rate of 1.03 × 105 g mol-1 min-1 on the Mg/Al HTlc. The adsorption data fitted well into the linearly transformed Freundlich equation. Keywords: adsorption, brine water, methyl orange, Mg/Al hydrotalcite-lik
AKTIVITAS ANTIFUNGAL MINYAK ATSIRI JINTEN PUTIH TERHADAP Candida parapsilosis SS25, C. orthopsilosis NN14, C. metapsilosis MP27, DAN C. etchellsii MP18
No full textMP27, and C. etchellsii MP18. Many kinds of spices are used in Indonesia, one of them is white cumin seed. This spice is used not only for cooking, but also for traditional medicine. This study reported of antifungal activity from white cumin’s essential oil. Extraction and identification of Cumin oil were carried out. We obtained 2.5-3.0% of white essential oil which was colorless or light yellow color. GCMS analysis revealed that there were 12 peaks. Based on peak’s intensity the oil were dominated by 4 compound i.e. cuminaldehide (35.44%), ρ-cymene (34.77%), β-pynene (15.08 %) and γ-terpinene (8.15%). Growth inhibition zone determination has been carried out by diffusion disc and direct method against yeast i.e. C. parapsilosis SS25, C. orthopsilosis NN14, C. metapsilosis MP27, and C. etchellsii MP18. The results showed that all of the yeasts were sensitive to cumin oil. The inhibition zone radius were 13.4-16.5 mm. The cumin oil showed the inhibition of yeast growth with MIC values of 0.028%-0.042% and MFC values 0.09%- 0.14%, while nystatin had MIC values 0.40%-0.50% and MFC values 3.0%-4.0%. The activity of cumin oil was very strong as antifungal.Keywords: antifungal, Candida, cumin oil, Cuminum cyminum, nystati
INFLUENCE OF THE HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVES ON THE PLANET PERIHELION PRECESSION IN THE EINSTEIN FIELD EQUATIONS FOR VACUUM CONDITION
No full textThis paper studies the effect of higher order derivative tensor in the Einstein field equations for vacuum condition on the planet perihelion precession. This tensor was initially proposed as the space-time curvature tensor by Deser and Tekin on discussions about the energy effects caused by this tensor. However, they include this tensor to Einstein field equations as a new model in general relativity theory. This is very interesting since there are some questions in cosmology and astrophysics that have no answers. Thus, they hoped this model could solve those problems by finding analytical or perturbative solution and interpreting it. In this case, the perturbative solution was used to find the Schwarzschild solution and it was also applied to consider the planetary motion in the solar gravitational field. Furthermore, it was proven that the tensor is divergence-free in order to keep the Einstein field equations remain valid. Keywords: astrophysical model, higher order derivative tensor, perihelion precession, perturbative solution of Schwarzschild metri
TENGGELAMNYA JAKARTA DALAM HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KONSTRUKSI BANGUNAN BEBAN MEGACITY
No full textSinking of Jakarta in Relation with Building Construction Namely Megacity Load. The Jakarta city which lies on low coastal plain is home of over ten millions mof people. The number of population has been growing together with the constructions of high rise buildings. The buildings with all of the materials and people who live and use them together with continuous ground water extraction have resulted in undergone dramatic subsidence and other following negative impacts such as permanent flooding. This paper explicitly propose a hypothesis that the total weight of the megacity and the population tends to cause subsidence in coastal area and the charge in the earth isostasi, as well as in earth rotation. Keywords: building construction, coastal zone, ground water extraction, Jakarta, megacity load, negative impact, subsidenc
FIRST RECORD OF Cantherhines multilineatus (TANAKA, 1918) (TETRAODONTIFORMES: MONACANTHIDAE) IN INDONESIA
No full textTwo specimens of Cantherhines multilineatus were collected from Girian Fish Market, Bitung, North Sulawesi on January 7 and August 18, 2009. It was caught from depths of about 20–30 m in association with other coral reef fishes. In the world, this species is found in many scattered locations in the Western Indian Ocean, Eastern Indian Ocean, Northwest Pacific and Western Central Pacific and its distribution was reported from Taiwan and Japan. Its morphological features and diagnostic characters are discussed and illustrated
EVALUATION OF DISEASE SEVERITY ON RICE GENOTYPES TO BACTERIAL BLIGHT USING AMINO ACID CONTENT ANALYSIS
No full textThe bacterial blight (BB) disease severity on two rice genotypes i.e.; BP 4110-2d-33 (backcross between Ciherang x Angke; containing Xa-4, xa-5) and BP 3688e-23 (sister lines derived from cingri/memberamo//wida ///IRBB 8; containing xa-8) were lower compare with TN-1 (containing Xa-14). The total amino acid content in cultivar’s TN-1 was accounted for about one third to about a half of total amino acid than those of other rice genotypes where the total amino acid was ranging from 1.95% to 4.22%. In BP 3688e-23, and BP 3688e-22 genotypes more amino acid levels werem decline although these advance lines showing xa-8 background. BB resistant gene carried by BP 4110-2d-33 and BP 3688e-23 were stable, whilst BP 3688e-22 was less effective to inhibit BB disease severity. Overall, amino acids were not found to be related to the level of BB resistance; where correlation between amino acid content and BB disease severity is not significant. The slower growth of Xoo on rice genotypes BP 4110-2d-33 and BP 3688e-23 may probably due to other than nutritional factors. The degree of resistance in rice genotypes infected by races of pathogen; as well as the resistance gene possessed by genotype BP 3688e-23 need to be further determined.Keywords: amino acid content, bacterial blight, rice genotypes, resistanc