Makara Journal of Science
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ISOLASI DAN SKRINING MOLEKULER BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT PEMBAWA GEN GLUKANSUKRASE DARI MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN MENGANDUNG GULA
No full textIsolation and Molecular Screening of Glucansucrase Gene Harboring-Lactic Acid Bacteria. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) have been possessed to be used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce a wide variety of exopolysaccharides and carries sucrase genes glucansucrase/glucosyltransferase (gtf) and fructansucrase/fructosyltransferases (ftf) for EPS production. In this study, the isolation and screening of EPS producing-LAB (EPS-LAB) were carried out on modified de Mann-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) agar medium supplemented with 10% of sucrose on LAB isolated from various unique sugar containing-foods and -beverages originated from local sources. Besides obtaining EPS-LAB, this study aimed to screen for gtf gene as well as to molecular identify strains by using PCR technique. Degenerate primer pairs DegFor and DegRev which targeted the conserved region of gtf genes catalytic domain were used, whereas LABfw and LABrv were used to molecular identify strains using 16S rRNA gene. An approximately 660 base pairs (bp) amplicons which targeted gtf gene were obtained from 13 out of 16 srains chosen. Result from PCR of 16S rRNA gene identification on gtf positive strains revealed that all strains were molecular identified as LAB after DNA sequencing analysis by using blastn. A rare EPS-producing LAB were obtain i.e. Weissella. Strains obtained in this study are potential sources for exploring novel sucrase gene/s and obtain unique EPS polymer product/s. Keywords: 16S rRNA, exopolysaccharide, glucansucrase, gtf, Lactic acid bacteria, Weissell
PENGARUH KASEIN HIDROLISAT DAN INTENSITAS CAHAYA TERHADAP PRODUKSI BIOMASSA DAN ALKALOID CANTHINONE DI DALAM KULTUR SUSPENSI SEL PASAK BUMI (Eurycoma longifolia Jack)
No full textEffects of Casein Hydrolisate and Light Intensity on Production of Biomass and Canthinone Alkaloid in Cell Suspension Cultures of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack). A study on the effect of several concentrations of casein hydrolysate and light intensity to produce biomass and canthinone alkaloid in cell suspension culture of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) was conducted. The research was an experimental study with block random design non factorial. For study of casein hydrolysate was used 8 (eight) of concentration treatments, i.e. 0.00, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 2.00, dan 5.00% (w/v). Beside for study of different light intensity effect was used five of light intensity, i.e. 0, 190, 290, 585, and 1525 lux. The results showed that addition 0.1–2.0% (w/v) of casein hydrolysate into culture medium did not show the effect on production of cell biomass compare with without casein hydrolysate. Total of alkaloid produce increased two fold in the culture medium containing 0.1% casein hydrolysate. The medium with addition 5% casein hydrolysate significantly decrease of increased fresh weight, dry weight and total of alkaloid compare with medium without or additions of casein hydrolysate at 0.1–2.0% concentration. Besides, the modifications on light intensity (0–1525 lux) did not effect the production of cell biomass in culture medium, but the place of E. longifolia Jack cell suspension culture at light of 1525 lux was found have to stimulate increased the total of 9- methoxycanthin-6-one in cells. Keywords: canthinone, casein hydrolysate, cell suspension, Eurycoma longifolia Jack, light intensit
MODEL MATEMATIKA REAKSI SINTESIS DIASILGLISEROL MENGGUNAKAN BIOKATALIS MELALUI MEKANISME ESTERIFIKASI TAK REVERSIBLE
No full textMathematical Model for Synthesis Reaction of Diacylglycerol by Irreversible Esterification Mechanism. Diacylglycerol, a component of natural oil has beneficial physiological function, mainly as oil with anti-obesity and anti fat accumulation effect. Several studies for efficient synthesis of diacylglycerol have been done by researchers in Japan. Esterification of fatty acid and glycerol using biocatalyst has been used as an effective synthesis process on it was industrial scale. A kinetics model for diacylglycerol synthesis was proposed, however, it was very specific so that not appropriate to be applied in different condition. In this study, a model for diacylglycerol synthesis by stepwise esterification of glycerol by fatty acid based on general assumption and condition is proposed. Runge-Kutta method is used in numerical calculation of substrate concentration. This model is useful for predicting behaviors of substrate at esterification of fatty acid and glycerol which is difficult to be measure experimentally, also as prediction in system design for diacylglycerol synthesis at different scale.Keywords: diacylglycerol, irreversible esterification, Runge-Kutta method, triacylglycero
PEMANTAUAN KADAR LOGAM BERAT DALAM AIR LAUT DAN SEDIMEN DI PERAIRAN PULAU BACAN, MALUKU UTARA
No full textMonitoring on Heavy Metals Content in Sea Water and Sediment in the Waters of Bacan Island, North of Maluku. Measurement on heavy metals content in seawater and sediment in the waters of Bacan Islands, North of Maluku were carried out in September 2005. That heavy metals are Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni. Seawater and sediment sample collected from 10 station by purposive sampling, in line with the goal of the research. The results showed that the heavy metals content in seawater still in line with the threshold value (NAB) stated by The Office of State Ministry for Life Environment (KMNLH) but in sediment heavy metals content is high relative, especially Cu and Ni has passed the threshold value for sediment. Beside heavy metal content also measured physical and chemical parameters such as temperature, salinity, total suspended solid, light transmission, dissolved oxygen, acidity, phosphate and nitrate. The result also indicated that parameters still in line with the threshold value stated by KMNLH for marine organism. Based on heavy metals content, the value of seawater quality status included into class A (fine) with score 0. Heavy metal content in sediment is higher than seawater, this condition indicated there are heavy metals accumulation in sediment. Keywords: Bacan, heavy metals, monitorin
SYNTHESIS OF PbSe THIN FILM BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION USING XRD, SEM AND UV-Vis SPECTROPHOTOMETER
No full textLead selenide thin films were prepared by chemical bath deposition method using aqueous of lead nitrate, sodium selenate and sodium tartrate. The influence of bath temperature towards the properties of the thin films was studied. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The XRD results confirmed the polycrystalline cubic structure of PbSe films. The intensity of major peak at 2ϴ = 25.1° which belonged to (111) plane of PbSe, increased with bath temperature from 40 to 80 °C. The SEM micrographs showed that the most homogeneous surface and larger grain sizes could be seen for the films deposited at 80 °C as compared with other bath temperatures.Keywords: lead selenide, semiconductor, chemical bath deposition, thin film
ISOLASI FRAGMEN cDNA DARI GEN PENYANDI AKTIN DARI Melastoma malabathricum
No full textIsolation of cDNA Fragment of Gene Encoding for Actin from Melastoma malabthricum. M. malabathricum grows well in acidic soil with high Al solubility, thereby it can be used as a model plant for tolerance to aluminum and acid stresses. Actin is housekeeping gene used as an internal control for gene expression analysis. The objective of this research was to isolate and clone the cDNA fragments of MmACT encoding for actin of M. malabathricum. Total RNA was isolated and used as the template for cDNA synthesis by reverse transcription. Four cDNA fragments of MmACT, called MmACT1, MmACT2, MmACT3, and MmACT4, had been isolated and inserted into pGEM-T Easy plasmid. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the size of MmACT1 and MmACT2 is 617 bp, whereas MmACT3 and MmACT4 is 735 bp. The similarity among these four MmACT is about 78%-99% based on nucleotide sequence and about 98%-100% based on amino acid sequence. Phylogenetic analysis based on amino acid sequence showed that at 1% dissimilarity, the MmACT1, MmACT2, MmACT3 and the ACT5 Populus trichocarpha are clustered in one group, while the MmACT4 is grouped with ACT9 P. trichocarpa and ACT1 Gossypium hirsutum, and these two groups are separated from actin group of monocotyledonous plants. The sequence of MmACT fragments were registered in GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ database with accession numbers AB500686, AB500687, AB500688, and AB500689
TROUBLESHOOTING IN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION OF RECOMBINANT SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME-ASSOCIATED CORONAVIRUS NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN IN Escherichia coli BL21
No full textConsidering importance of N protein for study of viral pathogenesis or development of immunodiagnostic assay, we reported effects of several conditions on purity and homogeneity of recombinant SARS-CoV N protein expressed in E. coli BL21. The SARS-CoV N gene was reverse transcribed and amplified by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. The amplicons were cloned into pGEX-6P1 and followed by subcloning of the target gene into pQE-80L. After inserting the recombinant plasmid (pQE80-N) into E. coli, the recombinant protein (6 x His tag-N protein fusion) was expressed by inducing the bacterial cells with 0.1-0.5 mM isopropyl-1-thio-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG) for 1-5 h. The protein recombinant were extracted from the bacterial cells by NTT buffer containing 0-20 mM imidazol, and followed by Ni-NTA affinity resin purification. The results showed that induction of E. coli BL21 with 0.2 mM IPTG for 4 h and followed with lysis of bacterial cells in NTT buffer containing 10 mM imidazol were optimal conditions to obtain the pure recombinant SARS-CoV N protein
DESTILASI MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN SURIAN SEBAGAI KRIM PENCEGAH GIGITAN NYAMUK Aedes aegypty L.
No full textDistillation of Essential Oil from Surian Leaf (Toona sureni (Bl.) Merr.) as Repellent Cream for Protection Aedes aegypty L. Bites. Isolation of volatile oil of leaf surian (Toona sureni (Bl.) Merr.) have been done by distillation aqueous vapour method. Distillation result had the chocolate colored and stinging aroma, and rendement was 0.23%. GC-MS analysis shown of some compound of terpenoid (naftalen derivated) which correspondence to mass spectrum. One of them is copaene (C15H24), m/z = 204. Cream based of Rajin et al. formula giving stable cream, white coloured and neutral pH. Volatile oil of surian leaf in cream based cause color and aroma cream were changed. Cream stability also was annoyed at oil of atsiri 10%.Keywords: distillation, essential oil, reppelant crea
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS OPHIUROIDEA (BINTANG MENGULAR) DI PERAIRAN WORI, MINAHASA UTARA, SULAWESI UTARA
No full textOphiuroidea Biodiversity in the Wori Waters, Minahasa Utara, North Sulawesi. A total of 10 Ophiuroidea species was found in Wori waters, North Sulawesi. The Ophiuroideas the most were relatively common group in seagrass area. The quantitative on the abundance data revealed the highest diversity index of faunal assemblage at Wori II transect 3 (H = 4.276) while the highest evenness index was exhibited by the Ophiuroidea from Wori III transect 6 (J = 0.821). Keywords: diversity index, evennes index, ophiuroidea, Minahasa Utara, North Sulawesi, Wor
KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA DARI TANAMAN Polyscias guilfoylei
No full textSpermatozoa Quality from Polyscias guilfoylei. In our study, we investigated the effect of extract Polyscias guilfoylei L.H. Bailey leaves on spermatozoa quality in rabbits. The experiment used 18 male rabbits from New Zealand white strain which were devided randomly into three groups. Group I was normal control group, Group II and III were given the extract of Polyscias guilfoylei leaves in these following doses: 327.56 mg/1.5 kg body weight and 655.2 mg/1.5 kg bw. The extract was given orally once a day, continuously for 8 weeks. Semens from the rabbit was taken every two weeks and were observed over the quality and consentration of spermatozoa. The result of the research showed that the extract of Polyscias guilfoylei leaves with dosage of 327.56 mg/1.5 kg bw and 655.2 mg/1.5 kg bw could decrease the consentration and the quality of spermatozoa of the male rabbits. Keywords: Polyscias guilfoylei, quality and concentration of spermatozo