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Pangan yang difortifikasi zat gizi mikro pada ibu hamil meningkatkan perkembangan motorik bayi = Provision of micronutrient-fortifi ed supplementary foods in pregnant mother improves infants motor development
Full text linkBackground: Many factors infl uence the growth and development of an infant but nutrition was undeniably one of the most important factors. One way to improve the nutritional status of infants was by providing supplementary foods fortifi ed with multiple micronutrients to mothers during pregnancy. Nutritional interventions during pregnancy provided better nutrient reserves for mothers and fetus.
Objectives: To analyze the impact of multi micronutrient-fortifi ed supplementary foods provision in pregnant mothers on motor development and anemia status of infants in three sub-districts of Bogor District namely: Leuwiliang, Leuwisadeng and Ciampea.
Methods: A total of 120 infants were followed up in a prospective cohort study. The subjects were divided into three groups, i.e: 40 infants in fortifi ed group (pregnant mothers received supplementary foods (vermicelli, milk and biscuit) fortifi ed with multi-nutrients i.e. iron, iodine, zinc, folic acid, vitamin C and vitamin A), 40 infants in non-fortifi ed groups (pregnant mothers received non fortifi ed foods) and 40 infants in the control groups (pregnant mothers did not receive any supplementary foods). Motor development was measured by methods developed by the Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. Hb was measured by Cyanmethemoglobin method. Ancova and linear logistic regression were used to analyze the data.
Result: Provision of multi micronutrient-fortifi ed supplementary foods in pregnant mothers substantially improves infants motor development (77% better than other groups). In addition, supplementation of multi micronutrient-fortifi ed foods in pregnant mothers reduced the rate of hemoglobin and hematocrit decline in infants up to the age of 6 months. There were no infants aged 6 months with Hb < 90 g / L in the fortifi ed group, while in the non-fortifi ed group and control group the prevalence of anemia was 8.3% and 11.11%, respectively.
Conclusion: Provision of multi micronutrient-fortifi ed supplementary foods in pregnant mothers improved infants motor development
OBTURATOR DEFINITIVE MANDIBULA POST HEMIMANDIBULECTOMY SINISTRA
Full text linkLatar Belakang. Operasi bedah pemotongan mandibula pada kasus tumor jinak maupun tumor ganas dapat menyebabkan deviasi mandibula. Tindakan perawatan bedah tergantung pada lokasi dan perluasan tumor mandibula, tindakan perawatan bedah tersebut meliputi bedah marginal, segmental, hemimandibulectomy, dan total mandibulectomy. Tujuan. Makalah ini menjelaskan tentang perawatan rehabilitasi dengan obturator definitive mandibula. Para klinisi harus menunggu masa penyembuhan yang sempurna sebelum disarankan untuk dibuatkan obturator definitive mandibula. Sejak awal penyembuhan diperlukan intervensi prostodontis untuk mencegah deviasi mandibula, pasien setelah mengalami perawatan bedah hemimandibulectomy kemudian menggunakan obturator definitive mandibula. Protesa ini membantu pergerakan mandibula secara normal tanpa terjadi penyimpangan pada fungsi bicara dan pengunyahan. Laporan Kasus. Pada bulan Maret 2012, pasien laki-Iaki, berumur 46 tahun datang ke RSGM Bagian Prostodonsia atas rujukan dari RS. Dr. Sardjito Bagian Bedah Mulut setelah dilakukan operasi tumor ameloblastoma mandibula sinistra (post hemimandibulectomy mandibula sinistra) dengan pemasangan plat rekonstruksi tiga bulan sebelumnya untuk dibuatkan obturator definitive mandibula. Pasien mengeluh bibir bawah sebelah kiri sering tergigit, fungsi bicara, fungsi pengunyahan, dan penampilannya terganggu. Hasil. Setelah dilakukan perawatan dengan memakai obturator definitive mandibula dalam kurun waktu 8 bulan, hingga saat ini hasil perawatan ini dapat mengembalikan fungsi bicara, fungsi pengunyahan, dan fungsi estetik sehingga pasien merasa lebih nyaman dan percaya diri. Kesimpulan. Deviasi mandibula setelah operasi hemimandibulectomy diatasi dengan bedah rekonstruksi menggunakan plat rekonstruksi, kemudian segera setelah penyembuhan perlu melibatkan prostodontis untuk pemasangan obturator definitive mandibula. Maj Ked Gt, Desember 201219(2): 158-16
EFEK ANTIMIKROBA PASTAGIGI KANDUNGAN EKSTRAK DAUNTEH 2% (Camellia sinensis)TERHADAP A. ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS
Full text linkLatar belakang: Kandungan polifenol (catechin) dalam daun teh diketahui memiliki efek antimikroba terhadap beberapa bakteri. Derajat fermentasi terhadap daun teh akan mempengaruhi daya antimikrobanya. Pasta gigi dengan kandungan ekstrak daun teh segar 2% (Camellia sinensis) diharapkan memiliki efek antimikroba. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya antimikroba pasta gigi kandungan ekstrak teh segar 2% terhadap bakteri A. actinomycetemcomitans. Metode penelitian: Bakteri A. actinomycetemcomitans diperoleh dari Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. Pengenceran pasta gigi dengan kandungan teh 2% diencerkan menjadi 0,875%1,75%2,5%5%10%dan 100% (kontrol positif). Metode difusi dilakukan pada 15 petri dengan cara masing-masing konsentrasi diambil 100 IJI lalu diteteskan dalam setiap sumuran pada media BHI agar yang telah mengandung A. actinomycetemcomitans kemudian petri dieramkan dalam inkubator selama 24 jam pada suhu 37°C. Pengukuran diameter zone hambatan disekitar sumuran menggunakan jangka sorong, dibantu dengan mikroskop, selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan ANAVA dan LSD. Hasil menunjukkan daya antibakteri pasta gigi kandungan ekstrak teh 2% terhadap bakteri A. actinomycetemcomitans dimulai pada konsentrasi 5% dan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (
BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME PADA WANITA MENOPAUSE DENGAN HIPOSALIVASI, COATEDTONGUE DAN GANGGUAN PENGECAPAN SERTA PENATALAKSANAANNYA
Full text linkLatar Belakang: Burning mouth syndrome ( BMS ) didefinisikan sebagai rasa sa kit seperti terbakar yang melibatkan lidah atau membrana mukosa, biasanya secara klinis maupun laboratoris tidak dijumpai adanya kelainan. Keadaan ini sering dihubungkan dengan kondisi menopause, hiposalivasi coated tongue dan kondisi psikologis. Tujuan: Melaporkan kasus burning mouth syndrome dengan hiposalivasi, coated tongue dan gangguan pengecapan pada wanita menopause serta penatalaksanaannya. Kasus dan penatalaksanaannya: Kasus BMS pada wan ita postmenopausal disertai hiposalivasi, coated tongue dan gangguan pengecapan yang diatasi dengan medikasi gabapentin 100 mg, permenkaret probiotik, diazepam 2mg dan vitamin B1, B6 dan B12 sekali sehari cukup efektif mengatasi BMS. Kesimpulan: Keluhan BMS banyak dijumpai pada wanita, khususnya wanita postmenopause. Penderita biasanya mempunyai keluhan oral multipel yaitu, burning, mulut kering dan gangguan pengecapan. Perawatan dengan gabapentin, diazepam, permen karet probiotik bebas gula cukup efektif. Maj Ked GiJuni 201219(1): 82-8
Asupan protein dan fosfor, rasio fosfor protein, dan kadar fosfor darah pada pasien gagal ginjal kronis dengan hemodialisis Protein and phosphate intake, phosphate-protein ratio, and blood phosphate level in chronic ki
Full text linkBackground: Hyperphosphatemia has become one of the main causes of death in CKD patients on HD. Thus, correction and prevention of hyperphospatemia is a major component in the management of HD patients. High protein diet in HD patients may lead to increased serum phosphate level due to mineral metabolism disorder associated with decreased glomerular fi ltration rate. In addition, high protein intake often followed by high phosphate intake as high protein foods also contains high phosphate and may cause hyperphosphatemia. Meanwhile, reduction of protein intake to control phosphate level was associated with decreased health and nutritional status in CKD patients. Therefore, appropriate phosphate-protein ratio is essential to provide adequate protein intake and avoid hyperphosphatemia.
Objective: To investigate the association between protein and phosphate intake, phosphate-protein ratio and blood phosphate level in CKD patients on routine HD.
Method: The study used an analytic observational method with cross sectional design. There were 100 subjects involved in this study. Subject characteristics, protein and phosphate intake, phosphate-protein ratio and intake of phosphate binders were obtained through interview and 3 x24 hour food record. Serum phosphate level was analyzed by inorganic phosphorus quantifi cation method. Food processor was used to analyze the intake of protein and phosphate. Bivariate and multivariate tests with 95% confi dence interval were used to analyze the data.
Result: Adequate protein intake was observed among 38% subjects, while 46% of them have excess phosphate intake.High phosphate-protein ratio was found in 20% subjects. Most subjects did not take phosphate binders regularly (61%) and have hyperphosphatemia (66%). The average protein intake, phosphate intake, phosphate-protein ratio, and blood phosphate level were 1.1 g/kg/d, 13.5 mg/kg/d, 12.8 mg/g, and 5.6 mg/dl, respectively. Bivariate test showed that there was a signifi cant association between protein intake (p=0.037RP=2.78), phosphate intake (p=0.005RP=3.54), phosphate-protein ratio (p=0.045RP=3.85), and blood phosphate level in CKD patients on routine HD. Multivariate analysis revealed that high phosphate intake and did not consume phosphate binders regularly were risk factors of hyperphosphatemia (p=0.000OR=6.543CI 95%:2.357-18.164 dan p=0.024OR=3.413CI 95%:1.179R2 =0.42).
Conclusion: Consumtion of low phosphate foods and phosphate binders may reduce the risk of hyperphosphatemia in CKD patients on routine HD.
Latar belakang: Hiperfosfatemia adalah penyebab kematian pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik (GGK) dengan hemodialisis (HD). Pencegahan hiperfosfatemia adalah komponen utama dari manajemen pasien HD. Diit tinggi protein pada pasien HD dapat mengakibatkan konsentrasi serum fosfor meningkat karena terjadinya gangguan metabolisme mineral yang berhubungan dengan penurunan fungsi laju fi ltrasi glomerulo ginjal. Asupan tinggi protein seringkali diikuti dengan asupan fosfor yang tinggi karena bahan makanan tinggi protein banyak mengandung fosfor. Sebaliknya, pengurangan asupan protein untuk mengontrol fosfor akan berhubungan dengan daya tahan tubuh. Diperlukan rasio fosfor protein yang baik untuk mencukupi asupan protein dan menghindari hiperfosfatemia.
Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan asupan protein, fosfor, dan rasio fosfor-protein dengan kadar fosfor darah pada pasien penderita GGK dengan HD.
Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada 100 subjek penelitian.
Karakteristik subjek, asupan protein dan fosfor, rasio fosfor-protein, penggunaan obat pengikat fosfot diperoleh lewat wawancara dan 3x24 jam food records. Kadar fosfor darah dianalisis dengan metode fosfor anorganik. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan uji bivariat dan multivariat dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%
Peningkatan aktivitas fagositosis dan produksi nitrit oksida pada makrofag peritoneum tikus Sprague Dawley yang diberi Lactobacillus plantarum Mut7 dan ekstrak serat ubi jalar Enhancement of phagocytic activity and nitri
Full text linkBackground: Macrophages play an important role as part of the innate immune response in the gut and they represent one of the fi rst lines of nonspecifi c defense against bacterial invasion. Previous studies indicated that probiotics and prebiotics may act as an immunomodulator agents. Nevertheless, research on the immunomodulatory effect of local materials has never been performed.
Objective: To study the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Mut7 and sweet potato fi ber on the activity and Nitric Oxide (NO) production of peritoneal macrophages of Sprague Dawley rats.
Method: Ninety six Sprague Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were divided into two groupsA (not infected with Salmonella typhimurium) and B (infected with S. typhimurium). Each group was divided into 4 subgroups and assigned to standard AIN-93M diet (KON), 109 CFU/ml of L. plantarum Mut7 (PRO), modifi ed AIN-93M diet with sweet potato fi ber (PRE), and both component (SIN). After 3 weeks of treatment, 6 rats of each subgroup were sacrifi ced and the peritoneal macrophages were isolated and analysed for its activity and NO production. The rest of the rats continued the treatments for another 2 weeks. At the end of the experiment, they were sacrifi ced and the peritoneal macrophage were isolated and analysed for its activity and NO production.
Results: Oral administration of L. plantarum Mut7, sweet potato fi ber, or both improve phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage which was indicated by an increase in the percentage of macrophages that phagocyte latex particles (
Pemanfaatan tepung daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk) dengan pretreatment asam dan tepung ikan lele terhadap pemulihan anemia secara in vivo Utilization of powder kelor leaves (Moringa oleifera Lamk) with acid pretreatme
Full text linkBackground: It is estimated more than 50% of the cases of anemia in the world is caused by iron (Fe) defi ciency, itneeds alternative sources local food that rarely used but cheap.
Objective: This monofactorial experiment was done to fi nd out whether kelor leaves powder resulted from acid pretreatment and addition of catfi sh powder can support the recovery of iron defi ciency anemia, based on an in vivo study with iron (Fe) and hemoglobin (Hb) measurements.
Methods: The experiment was a trial of anemia recovery by providing 42 wistar rats with no iron-containing feeding for 7 days, then continued for 14 days with either one of six kinds of feeding: standard feeding of AIN-93 M, kelor leaves powder or catfi sh powder (as control), kelor leaves powder with 0.5% citric acid pretreatment, kelor leaves powder with 0.5% citric acid pretreatment and catfi sh powder (1:1), kelor leaves powder with 0.5% lime pretreatment, or kelor leaves powder with 0.5% lime pretreatment and catfi sh powder (1:1). Criteria of anemia recovery was Fe value > 80 μg/dl and Hb > 10 g/dl. Statistical analysis was performed by using ANCOVA and LSD test.
Results: The in vivo study showed that feeding rats with kelor leaves powder (respective Fe and Hb value was 101.22 μg/dl and 11.17 μg/dl), with 0.5% citric acid pretreatment (respective Fe and Hb value was 90.36 μg/dl and 10.68 μg/dl), with 0.5% lime pretreatment (respective Fe and Hb value was 115.51 μg/dl and 12.12 μg/dl), with 0.5% lime pretreatment and catfi sh powder (1:1) (respective Fe and Hb value was 107.29 μg/dl and 11.25 μg/dl), can be used in anemia recovery.
Conclusion: The best result for anemia recovery was obtained from feeding of kelor powder leaves with 0.5% lime pretreatment.
Latar belakang: Diperkirakan lebih dari 50% kasus anemia yang terjadi di dunia disebabkan oleh defi siensi zat besi (Fe) sehingga perlu dikaji pangan lokal alternatif sumber Fe dengan harga murah namun jarang dimanfaatkan.
Tujuan: Penelitian eksperimental monofaktorial ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji apakah tepung daun kelor hasil pretreatment asam serta penambahan tepung ikan lele dapat memulihkan anemia defi siensi zat besi berdasarkan pengukuran Fe dan Hb pada uji in vivo.
Metode: Sebanyak 42 tikus dibuat anemia melalui pakan tanpa zat besi selama 7 hari dan dilanjutkan pakan perlakuan selama 14 hari yang dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu AIN-93 Mtepung daun kelor dan tepung ikan lele sebagai kontroltepung daun kelor hasil pretreatment asam sitrat 0,5%tepung daun kelor hasil pretreatment asam sitrat 0,5% + tepung ikan lele (1:1)tepung daun kelor hasil pretreatment jeruk nipis 0,5%tepung daun kelor hasil pretreatment jeruk nipis 0,5% + tepung ikan lele (1:1). Kriteria pemulihan anemia jika nilai Fe > 80 μg/dl dan Hb > 10 g/ dl. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji ANCOVA dan LSD.
Hasil: Tikus dengan pakan tepung daun kelor kontrol (kadar Fe 101,22 μg/dl dan Hb 11,17 g/dl)tepung daun kelor hasil pretreatment asam sitrat 0,5% (kadar Fe 90,36 μg/dl dan Hb 10,68 g/dl)pretreatment jeruk nipis 0,5% (kadar Fe 115,51 μg/dl dan Hb 12,12 g/dl)serta pretreatment jeruk nipis 0,5% + tepung ikan lele (1:1) (kadar Fe 107,29 μg/dl dan Hb 11,25 g/dl) dapat digunakan untuk pemulihan anemia in vivo.
Simpulan: Hasil terbaik pemulihan anemia diperoleh pada tikus dengan pemberian pakan tepung daun kelor hasil pretreatment jeruk nipis 0,5%
PEWARISAN KARAKTER FENOTIPIK BUAH MELON (Cucumis melo L.) KULTIVAR GAMA MELON BASKET HASIL TEKNIK SELEKSI BUAH
Full text linkThe efforts of plant productivity enhancement in aspect of production system on melon have not been developed in Indonesia. The objective of this study was developing the farming system offruit selection technique for enhancing weight of fruits as plant productivity result. The method used was cultivated on Gama Melon Basket cultivar of fruit selection technique. They were control, horizontal branching, and vertical branching. Then, observed 7 qualitative and 6 quantitative of phenotypic characters on melon. The data was taken using Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD). Quantitive phenotypic characters were analyzed using statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) software. The results are inheritance of phenotypic characters on melon Gama Melon Basket cultivar derived from fruit selection technique were stabile and similar while the innovations to enhance weight of fruits by horizontal branching and verticalbranching showed wasnot significantly different
PENGGUNAANBAHASATRANSMIGRANJAWA DI KABUPATEN GORONTALO
Full text linkThe Javanese Trans migrants have come to Gorontalo district since 1953. The language used by the Trans migrants continued to be used in the place so that it becomes bilingual and even multilingual community giving rise to new phenomena. The aim of this study is to identify pattern of language usage in family. market. school. mosque. and the officeand variation of language choice. The research methodology used comprised observation method including basic recording technique. interview method by elevation basic technique. survey method by distributing questionnaires. triangulation techniques. and sociolinguistic approach. The sample is determined by snowball and purposive sampling. Data analyzed using SPEAKING through percentage calculation. The result show that The Javanese trans migrants to Gorontalo District is dominant of Indonesian language use in the office. mosque. and schoolJavanese in family and marketMalay language in school. and marketand three types of language variations. single language variation. code switching. and mixing. Singlelanguage variation involvesJavanese and Indonesian. Code switching is divided into four variations and mixing code is split in two variations. So that. the use of trans migrants language in Gorontalo is dominant in Indonesian and Javanese pattern simultaneously.
Transmigran Jawa datang di Kabupaten Gorontalo sejak tahun 1953. Bahasa yang digunakan tetap dipakai di tempat baru sehingga daerah yang ditempati menjadi dwibahasa, multi bahasa, dan menimbulkan fenomena baru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pola penggunaan bahasa oleh transmigran Jawa di Kabupaten Gorontalo dalam ranah keluarga, pasar, sekolah, masjid, dan kantordan variasi pilihan bahasa transmigran Jawa di Kabupaten Gorontalo dalam berkomunikasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode simak dengan teknik dasar sadap, metode cakap dengan teknik dasar pancing, metode survei dengan penyebaran kuesioner, teknik triangulasi, dan pendekatan sosiolinguistik. Sampel ditentukan secara snowball danpurposive sampling. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPEAKING dan perhitungan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahasa Indonesia lebih dominan digunakan di kantor, masjid, dan sekolahbahasa Jawa di keluarga dan pasarbahasa Melayu di sekolah dan pasardan ditemukan tiga jenis variasi pilihan bahasa, yaitu variasi tunggal bahasa, alih kode, dan campur kode. Variasi tuggal bahasa meliputi bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Indonesia. Alih kode terdiri atas empat variasi dan campur kode terdiri atas dua variasi. Dengan demikian, bahasa transmigran di Gorontolo lebih doniman menggunakan pola variasi bahasa Indonesia dan Jawa secara bersamaan
Developing a Seasonal Cash Demand Simulation for Agricultural Cooperatives (Village Unit Cooperative) in Indonesia
Full text linkAbstract: Irrespective of the success of the Indonesian Government to achieve self-sufficiency of rice in 1985, and the rice price stabilization, paddy growers still suffer from a very low price for their produce. Koperasi Unit Desa (KUDs) in Indonesian, or Village Unit Cooperative (VUC) have been entrusted with the marketing of rice paddies although their performance has always been less than satisfactory. One problem experienced by the KUDs is not having sufficient cash to purchase and process paddies into rice. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a simulation model to represent cash flows during one paddy plantation season for a KUD (VUC). The simulation model is a decision support tool that enables a KUDs (VUC) management to determine the maximum quantity of paddies to be purchasedthe minimum borrowing and additional borrowingand the earnings before taxes. An investigator- administrated questionnaire was used to collect historical data of the twenty randomly selected KUDs (VUC) on Lombok Island to validate the sub-models of the simulation model. The Kolmogorov- Smirnov Goodness of Fit (two-sample), linear regression, correlation and t- tests were used to validate the simulation model. The validation results have shown that the sub-models of the simulation model are valid, and these may contribute to the valid results of the simulation model. This study has found that the limitations of the paddy storage building, drying floor, and milling machine owned by the KUDs (VUC) may restrict the KUDs (VUC) from buying the entire paddies harvested. Therefore, further research is needed to find out the minimum capacities of those facilities enabling the KUDs (VUC) to work efficiently.
Abstrak: Dibalik keberhasilan yang telah dicapai Pemerintah Indonesia dalam swasembada pangan/ beras pada tahun 1985, dan stabilisasi harga beras, petani padi masih menderita akibat sangat murahnya harga hasil produksinya. Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD) yang telah dipercaya berfungsi pemasaran gabah/ beras padahal kinerjanya selalu menunjukan sangat buruk. Satu kendala yang dialami oleh KUD adalah tidak memiliki cukup dan untuk membeli gabah dan memprosesnya menjadi beras. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan dan mem-validasi simulasi aliran kas dalam satu musim tanam padi untuk KUD. Simulasi ini merupakan suatu alat bantu pengambilan keputusan yang memungkinkan pengelola KUD untuk menentukan: jumlah maksimal gabah yang bisa dibelipinjaman minimum dan pinjaman tambahandan laba sebelum pajak. Daftar pertanyaan dimanfaatkan untuk mengumpulkan data dari dua puluh KUD di pulau Lombok yang dipilih secara acak untuk mem-validasi sub sistem simulasi. Kolmogorov- Smirnov Goodness of Fit, regresi linear, uji korelasi dan t-test dipergunakan untuk mem-validasi simulasi. Hasil validasi menunjukan bahwa sub-sistem simulasi valid, dan ini bisa berkontribusi terhadap validitas hasil simulasi secara keseluruhan. Dari hasil kajian ini, didapatkan pula bahwa keterbatasan kapasitas gudang, lantai jemur dan mesin giling yang dimiliki oleh KUD yang membatasinya untuk mampu membeli seluruh hasil panen petani padi di wilayahnya. Untuk itu, penelitian lanjutan diharapkan untuk dapat mengidentifikasi kapasitas yang sekurang-kurangnya dimiliki oleh KUD untuk bisa bekerja secara efisien