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Pengendalian Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) dan Nitrit Oxide (NO) pada penderita DMT2 dengan emping garut (Maranta arundinacea Linn) sebagai makanan selingan = Arrowroot chips (Maranta arundinacea Linn) as a snack to control
Full text linkBackgound: Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus increases the production of superoxide that cause oxidative stress and decrease the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). SOD enzyme reduces superoxide to hydrogen peroxide to lessen the reaction between superoxide and nitric oxide (NO). To reduce hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus, diabetics are encouraged to consume diet with low glycemic index. Arrowroot chips is a product commonly used by the community as a snack. Arrowroot has low glycemic index (glycemic index = 14) so it can be used as an alternative snack for diabetics.
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the beneficial effects of arrowroot chips to help controlling the blood glucose level, SOD activity and NO concentration in type 2 diabetes. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental research with a one group pre test - post test. Subjects were 14 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who regularly visited endocrine polyclinic of RSUP.Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. The inclusion criteria were: aged 35-60 years, had suffered from diabetes mellitus for at least one year and currently on insulin injection therapy. The subjects were given 20 grams/day arrowroot chips to be consumed as a snack for four weeks. The blood samples were drawn before and after treatment. Glucose level were analyzed by GOD-PAP method, SOD activity was determined by Ransod kits and NO concentration was analyzed by colorimetric Gies reagent system. Finally, data were analyzed by paired t-test and correlation regression test.
Results: There was an increased glucose level from 124,43 ± 33,56 to 139,00 ± 67,96 mg/dl after treatment (p=0,551), SOD activity decreased from 77,09 ± 19,33 to 43,99 ± 17,45 unit/ml whole blood after treatment (p=0,000), decreased NO concentration from 1,28 ± 1,32 to 1,15 ± 0,577 μM after treatment (p=0,875), and a positive correlation between SOD activity and NO concentration (p=0,151r=0,405R2=0,164). Conclusion: Arrowroot chips consumption as a snack for 4 weeks was unable to help controlling the fasting plasma glucose level, SOD activity and NO concentration in type 2 diabetics
ASI sebagai faktor protektif terhadap autisme Breastfeeding as a protective factor against autism
Full text linkBackground: The prevalence of autism has risen in the last decades. Risk factors of autism remain controversial and were thought to be multifactorial. One hypothesis stated that it may be caused by leaky gut theory and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid defi ciency. Optimal duration of breastfeeding has been proven to reduce risk of gastrointestinal infection and improve childs cognitive ability.
Objective: To study the protective effect of optimal duration of breastfeeding to reduce the risk of autism.
Methods: A matching case-control study was conducted in Yogyakarta and Magelang during 2008. Inclusion criteria of case group were all children with autism (diagnosed based on DSM-IV TR criteria), aged 3-10 years. Autistic children with distinct genetic disorder were excluded. Control group was matched on gender, age, and their residence. Breastfeeding pattern and other related information were obtained by direct interview. McNemar test, conditional multivariate logistic regression, and Maentel-Haenszel test were used to fi nd factors that are signifi cantly associated with autism.
Results: There were 52 children with autism and 104 control subjects. The mean age was 5 years old. The analysis revealed that breastfeeding duration for less than 6 months was a signifi cant risk factor for autism (ORMH=2,05RK 95%:1,03-5,01), as well as history of abnormal birth weight (OR=3,36RK 95%:1,37-8,44). There was dose-effect gradient as breastfeeding duration affected risk of autism. There was no differences on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding between the two groups.
Conclusion: Breastfeeding duration of less than 6 months was a signifi cant risk factor for autism.
KEY WORDS autism, autism spectrum disorder, breastfeeding, breast milk duratio
PILIHAN BAHASA MASYARAKAT SAM IN DALAM RANAH KELUARGA
Full text linkThe language choice of Samin society in Blora is an interesting phenomenon to study by the perspective of sociolinguistic since it is related not only to languageaspect. but also to socio-cultural aspect.This study a ims to revealthe formof family language choice of Samin societyin Blora and the socio-cultural factors that determine it. This researchis a sociolinguistic study which is based on the language and culture phenomenon in relation to society. In communicating among their family. Samin society use ngoko (low language level) Javanese. madya/krama (middle/high language level) Javanese do switch code and mixed code. either from the ngoko Javanese to madya/krama Javanese or the viceversa.
Pilihan bahasa pada masyarakat Samin di Kabupaten Blora merupakan fenomena menarik untuk dikajidari perspektif sosiolinguistikkarena fenomena inibertemali bukan hanya dengan aspek kebahasaan semata, melainkan juga dengan aspek sosial budaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap wujud pilihanbahasa masyarakat Samin dalam ranah keluarga di Kabupaten Blora dan faktor sosial budaya yang menentukan pilihan bahasa pada masyarakat Samin di Kabupaten Blora. Tulisaninimerupakan kajiansosiolinguistikyang bertumpu pada fenomena bahasa dan bydaya dalam hubungannya dengan masyarakat. Dalam berkomunikasi pada ranah keluarga. masyarakat Samin menggunakan bahasa Jawa ngoko. bahasa Jawa madya/krama. melakukan alih kode, dan campur kode, baik dari bahasaJawa ngokoke bahasaJawa madya/kramaataupun sebaliknya
Does Environmental Uncertainty Affect Entrepreneurs Orientation and Performance? Empirical Evidence from Indonesian SMEs
Full text linkAbstract: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have a critical role in economic growth in Indonesia and become the backbone for job creation, poverty alleviation, and safeguard during the crisis. However, they are highly exposed to uncertain environments. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of SMEs entrepreneurial orientation on business performance when uncertain environments exist. A total of 152 Indonesian SMEs were studied in order to assess this relationship. Moderated regression analysis is performed as the main statistical procedures to analyse the moderating role of environmental uncertainty on the influence of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance. Surprisingly, the result of the present study did not confirm the previous predominant studies which found that entrepreneurial orientation dimensions are positively associated with business performance in growing in an uncertain environment. Indonesian entrepreneurs were reluctant to innovate, be proactive, and take risks when an uncertain environment exists. The present study was an endeavour to provide better insight in explaining the inconsistent and ambiguous findings from existing literature.
Abstrak: Usaha kecil dan menengah (UKM) memiliki peran penting dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia dan menjadi tulang punggung untuk penciptaan lapangan kerja, pengentasan kemiskinan, dan menjaga ekonomi tetap stabil selama krisis. Meskipun demikian, UKM sangat rentan terhadap ketidakpastian lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh orientasi kewirausahaan UKM terhadap kinerja bisnis dalam kondisi yang tidak pasti. Sebanyak 152 UKM Indonesia diteliti untuk menilai hubungan tersebut. Moderated Regression Analysis digunakan sebagai prosedur statistik utama untuk menganalisis peran moderasi ketidakpastian lingkungan terhadap hubungan antara orientasi kewirausahaan terhadap kinerja bisnis.Hasil pada penelitian ini tidak mengkonfirmasi penelitian sebelumnya yang pada umumnya menemukan bahwa dimensi orientasi kewirausahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja bisnis dalam kondisi lingkungan yang tidak pasti. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pemilik UKM di Indonesia enggan untuk berinovasi, proaktif, dan mengambil risiko ketika dihadapkan pada lingkungan yang tidak pasti. Penelitian ini merupakan upaya untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik dalam menjelaskan literatur terdahulu yang cenderung memberikan hasil dan penjelasan yang tidak konsisten dan ambig
Wacana Lingkungan dan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Dalam Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat di Indonesia
Full text linkEnvironmental issues have been largely discussed in development discourse since early 1970s,which have led to the idea of Sustainable Development. Despite of its importance, the debate on environment has been occupied by a tendency to put \u27nature\u27 and \u27human\u27 as well as \u27crisis of nature\u27 and \u27crisis of justice\u27 in static dichotomies. This article challenges this idea by arguing that the most central matter in environment and development discourses does not lie on \u27human\u27 and \u27nature\u27 per se but on the relationship between the two. The challenge of sustainable development is to continuously redefine relationships between human and nature. Using analytical frameworks of Dryzek (1997)and Nygren (1998)this article emphasizes the articulation of discourse repertoires by drawing on a case study among Indonesian environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). This study finds out that Indonesian environmental NGOs often incorporate elements of various discourses. This phenomenon shows that environmental NGOs involve in the process of negotiation to redefine new borders of sustainable development in Indonesia.
Isu lingkungan hidup telah banyak dibahas dalam wacana pembangunan sejak awal tahun 1970an, yang akhirnya membawa pada gagasan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. Diluar substansinya, perdebatan mengenai lingkungan hidup cenderung menempatkan \u27alam\u27 dan \u27manusia\u27, dan juga \u27krisis alam\u27 serta \u27krisis keadilan\u27 dalam dikotomi yang statis.
Artikel ini menyanggah gagasan tersebut dengan argumen bahwa hal yang paling sentral dalam wacana lingkungan hidup dan pembangunan bukan semata-mata terletak pada \u27manusia\u27 dan \u27alam\u27, namun pada hubungan antara keduanya. Tantangan bagi pembangunan berkelanjutan adalah adalah untuk secara terus-menerus mendefinisikan kembali relasi antara manusia dengan alamo Dengan menggunakan kerangka analitik Dryzek (1997)dan Nygren (1998),artikel ini menekankan pada artikulasi repertoar wacana dengan mengambil sebuah studi kasus antara LSM lingkungan Indonesia. Studi ini menemukan bahwa LSM lingkungan hidup di Indonesia sering memasukkan berbagai unsur dari berbagai wacana. Fenomena ini menunjukkan bahwa LSMlingkungan hidup terlibat secara aktif dalam proses negosiasi untuk mendefinisikan kembali batasanbatasan baru dari pembangungan berkelanjutan di Indonesia
Efek F100 dan formula tepung tempe terhadap kadar serum Fe dan hemoglobin pada anak gizi kurang = Effect of F100 and tempe fl our formula supplementation to Fe serum and hemoglobin level of undernourished child
Full text linkBackground: Protein energy defi ciency is a major public health problem in Indonesia. WHO has recommended F100 made from skim milk for undernourished patient. Alternative formulas have been developed using other nutritious foods that are cheaper, easily accessible and can be used for children with lactose intolerance such as tempe fl our.
Objective: To investigate the effect of F100 and tempe fl our formula supplementation on serum Fe and hemoglobin (Hb) levels of undernourished child.
Method: This was an experimental study with randomized controlled clinical trial design and purposive sampling method. Subjects of the study were undernourished patients aged 1-10 years hospitalized at Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang. Sample consisted of 30 patients divided into 2 groupsgroup 1 supplemented with F100 and group 2 with tempe fl our formula. Hb level was assessed by cyanmethemoglobin and serum Fe level by colorimetric method. Dietary intake data was collected by visual comstock and food recall. Data were analyzed by chi square, unpaired t-test and double linear regression.
Result: Statistical analysis showed that there were no signifi cant differences in Hb (p=0.139) and serum Fe levels (p=0.313) between both groups after treatment. Intake data indicated that there was a signifi cant disparity in protein (p=0.019) and Fe intake (p=0.006) between the two groups, whereas energy, fat and carbohydrate intake showed no signifi cant differences. Lastly, the association between energy and nutrient intake with serum Fe and Hb levels was not signifi cant and the correlation was weak (
PENGARUH LEVEL HBA1CTERHADAP FUNGSI FAGOSITOSISNEUTROFIL (PMN) PADA PENDERITA PERIODONTITIS DIABETIKA
Full text linkLatar belakang. Diabetes Mellitus (OM) merupakan penyakit sistemik yang sang at terkait dengan meningkatnya keparahan penyakit periodontal. Pada penderita OM diduga kuat bahwa keparahan periodontitis disebabkan oleh gangguan fungsi leukosit. Sel neutrofil (PMN) diketahui berperan besar di dalam sistem pertahanan jaringan periodontal. Kontrol glikemik pada penderita OM dapat diketahui dengan pemeriksanaan level HbA1c. Tujuan. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh levl HbA1c pada penderita periodontitis diabetika terhadap fungsi fagositosis sel PMN. Bahan dan Cara. Sel PMN dari darah tepi 15 pasien periodontitis terdiri 5 periodontitis tanpa OM, 5 periodontitis diabetika terkontrol (HbA1c 7) diuji aktivitas fagositosinya dengan partikellateks. Fungsi fagositosis dihitung dengan rumus indeks fagositosis (IF). Hasil. Terdapat perbedaan significant IF sel PMN subyek periodontitis diabetika tidak terkontrol (HbA1c>7) dengan periodontitis non OM. IF tertinggi pada subyek periodotntis non OM dan tertinggi pada period otitis diabetika tidak terkontrol (HbA 1c> 7). Kesimpulan. Leval HbA 1c berpengaruh terhadap fungsi fagositosis sel PMN yang dilihat dari indeks fagositosis (IF). Maj Ked GiOesember 201219(2): 93-9
PEMBUATAN PROTESA MAKSILOFASIAL HIDUNG DENGAN RETENSI MAGNET
No full textLatar belakang masalah. Restorasi dari cacat yang disebabkan tumor di daerah fasial sangat menantang bagi dokter bedah dan ahli prostodonsi. Maxillofacial prosthetics adalah cabang kedokteran gigi yang berhubungan dengan cacat baik kongenital maupun yang didapat pada kepala dan leher. Cacat yang didapatkan dibagi menjadi cacat intraoral dan ekstraoral. Cacat intraoral meliputi mandibula, lidah, palatum lunak atau palatum keras, sedangkan cacat ekstraoral meliputi daerah lainnya pada kepala dan leher.Tujuan. laporan kasus ini adalah untuk rehabilitasi daerah wajah pasien dengan memperbaiki fungsi dan estetik dengan membuat protesa maksilofasial hidung sehingga pasien tidak merasa malu. Laporan kasus. Pasien laki-Iaki, 74 tahun datang atas kemauan sendiri, dan rujukan\u27dari THT ingin dibuatkan hidung dan langit-Iangit atas buatan karena hidung sudah diamputasi. Dibuatkan prothesa maksilofasial hidung dari bahan silikon karena mempunyai tekstur yang hampir sama dengan kulit, kemudian dipasang kaitan magnet yang dilekatkan dengan obturator sehingga retensi bertambah baik. Protesa dipasang pada kacamata agar mudah cara menggunakan. Kesimpulan. Pasien merasa lebih nyaman ketika bernafas dan berbicara setelah memakai protesa maksilofasial hidung dengan retensi magnet ini. Protesa maksilofasial dapat membantu pasien baik dari sisi estetik maupun fungsional. Maj Ked Gt, Desember 201219(2): 154-15
In Searchfor Anchors The Fundamental Motivational Forcein Compensating for Human Vulnerability
Full text linkAbstract: The purpose of this study is to develop a new integrative theory of motivation drawn from the existing theories and data. The method used is a combination of meta-ethnography and grounded theory. The second phase of the study employed a thought experiment to test the newly developed theoretical propositions of motivational force. The first phase of the study revealed a central phenomenon for the occurrence of motivational force, i.e. "In Search for Anchors," which is a result of the paradox between freedom to choose and human vulnerability. "Freedom to choose" is the central factor of a motivational model that includes "urge," "challenge," "incentive," and "meaning." These five factors are motivational sources, which have holistic-dynamic-integrative interaction. Human vulnerability is the other side of the motivational model that comprises risk, uncertainty, and hope that ignite motivational force. The dynamic interaction of risk, uncertainty, and hope is represented in a mathematical formula that produces the strength of the force, (R - H)2 x U, which can be potrayed in a "twin-pea,k" curve. The thought experiment was conducted to test the hypothetical formula. The result shows that the "twinpeak" hypothesis is supported but the shape of the curve is found to be not symmetrical. The data show that hope is the strongest motivational force, therefore the formula is modified into =(R - U)2 x H. The implication of the study and the utility of the new theory .are discussed
SYNTHESISAND CYTOTOXICACTIVITY OF CHALCONE DERIVATIVES ON HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELL LINES
Full text linkKalkon, α,β-tidakjenuh karbonil keton telah menunjukkan mempunyai bermacam-macam aktivitas biologi, diantaranya sebagai antikanker dan antifungi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis turunan kalkon dan mengamati aktivitas sitotoksiknya pada sel turunan kanker leher rahim. Sintesis kalkon dan turunannya, metilkalkon, 4-metoksikalkon, dan :3,4-diklorokalkon dilakukan menggunakan material awal dari benzaldehida dan asetofenon, p-metilasetofenon,p-metoksiasetofenon, serta m,p-dikloroasetofenonmelalui kondensasi Claisen Schmidt yang dikatalisis oleh NaOH dalam etanol pada temperatur 15°C. Kemurnian senyawa hasil sintesis dianalisis dengan kromatografi lapis tipis, titik lebur, dan kromatografi gas. Elusidasi struktur dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometer UV, spektrometer IR, spektrometer H₁-NMR,serta spektrometer massa. Aktivitas sitotoksik ditentukan dengan uji viabilitasmenggunakan 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide MTT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kalkon dan senyawa-senyawa turunannya telah dapat disintesis, dimurnikan, dan mempunyai struktur kimia sesuai yang diperkirakan. Kalkon mempunyai aktivitas sitotoksik palin? tinggi dibandingkan turunan-turunannya, dengan harga IC50dari kalkon, 4"-metilkalkon, 4"-metoksikalkon, dan :3,4 - diklorokalkon berturut-turut adalah 9,49, 14,79, 11,48, dan 24,26 µg/mL. Disimpulkan bahwa substitusi metil, metoksi serta klorin pada posisi :3 dan 4 menurunkanaktivitas sitotoksik dari kalkon