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Synthesis, characterization, and dye degradation efficiency of MgSb2O6as a visible-light-active semiconductor photocatalyst
No full textA nanostructured MgSb2O6photocatalyst was synthesized via solution combustion and structurally characterized using X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Raman, X-ray photoelectron, UV–Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Rietveld refinement confirmed a dominant tetragonal MgSb2O6phase with minor MgSb2O4, reflecting mixed Sb5+/Sb3+oxidation states. The average crystallite size (∼51 nm) and microstrain (3.53 × 10−3) suggested fine nanocrystallinity. SEM and TEM revealed agglomerated, porous morphology with grain sizes ∼75 nm and crystallites between 20 and 50 nm. Raman spectra identified distinct Sb–O vibrational modes, while PL and Ultraviolet (UV) -Visible studies showed defect-related emissions and a ∼3.85 eV bandgap, indicating strong UV absorption. The photocatalytic activity was assessed for Methylene Blue (MB), Methyl Orange (MO), and Rhodamine B (RhB) dyes under sunlight. Degradation efficiencies reached 90 %, 85 %, and 77 % for MB, MO, and RhB, respectively, within 100 min, with degradation following pseudo-first-order kinetics. The photocatalytic performance was enhanced by alkaline/acidic pH and H2O2addition. The findings highlight the potential of MgSb2O6as an efficient, photocatalytic dye degradation in wastewater treatment. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies
The Synergy of Intellectual Property and FDI as Catalysts for Transformative Poverty Reduction
No full textPoverty remains a pervasive global issue, affecting millions and prompting sustained efforts by nations and international organizations to eradicate it. Yet, a fundamental question persists: who truly benefits from global poverty alleviation initiatives, and what role can intellectual property (IP) play in this process? This article examines the potential of intellectual property to contribute to poverty reduction, focusing on how international investment in IP could foster innovation in vital sectors such as affordable housing, healthcare, clean water, and sustainable agriculture. The relationship between intellectual property and poverty is not merely theoretical but has real-world implications for marginalized populations. This study explores how foreign direct investment (FDI) in the intellectual property domain can serve as a tool for poverty alleviation, particularly for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) under the TRIPS Agreement. It also considers the IPR policies of the United Kingdom, the United States, and India, to understand how inclusive IP investment can help break down barriers to poverty. By investigating the interplay between intellectual property rights (IPR) and sustainable development, this research underscores the potential of IPR to improve socio-economic conditions. It ultimately advocates for a more equitable global IP policy framework that empowers the world’s most disadvantaged communities
The rise of AI in procedural jurisprudence: global innovations, legal frameworks, and future implications
No full textThis paper investigates the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in procedural jurisprudence, examining how AI reshapes case management, regulatory oversight, dispute resolution, and predictive adjudication. The study aims to map emerging applications, assess risks, and propose a coherent framework for the integration of AI into global legal systems.
Theoretical Framework: Grounded in business process management and procedural law theory, the paper conceptualizes AI as a co-author of corporate will, a private regulator, and a shadow arbiter. It introduces the notion of “procedural AI jurisprudence” and situates it within comparative law, algorithmic due process, and theories of process sovereignty.
Method: A comparative legal-analytical method is applied doctrinal normative approach, drawing on case studies from Austria, Brazil, Canada, Estonia, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The research synthesizes doctrinal analysis, regulatory reviews, and evaluation of experimental systems such as Prometea in Argentina and AI-based resocialization initiatives in Abu Dhabi.
Results and Discussion: Findings reveal a spectrum of judicial AI adoption, ranging from automation of inmate documentation to multimodal risk detection in penal systems. While AI enhances efficiency and consistency, it introduces risks of bias, accountability gaps, and process failures. To address these challenges, the paper proposes the “Procedural AI Stack,” integrating rights and remedies matrices, bias/error controls, adversarial AI parties, and Automation Impact Statements. Comparative insights underscore the uneven global trajectory of AI in law and the urgent need for harmonized safeguards.
Research Implications: The study highlights the necessity of establishing cross-border legal standards, procurement protocols, and accountability mechanisms. It calls for the recognition of AI as both a tool and a potential party within legal processes, requiring new doctrines such as the Model-of-Record and structured risk heatmaps for judicial procurement.
Originality/Value: This paper advances the discourse by framing AI as a procedural actor rather than a mere technological aid. It provides a layered model for integrating AI into legal processes that balances innovation with ethical safeguards, offering a roadmap for policymakers, jurists, and technologists to design transparent, accountable, and future-ready judicial systems
A highly selective Schiff base chemosensor for rapid colorimetric detection of Fe2+ and fluorometric detection of Al3+ ions: Synthesis, characterization, real water sample analysis and DFT studies
No full textThis study reports a new Schiff base ligand, (Z)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(2-nitrophenyl)methanimine) (MNP) and its characterization using ESI-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, UV-Visible spectroscopic and fluorometric techniques. Further, MNP showed a significant colour shift from yellow to colourless in the presence of Fe2+ ion and it also exhibited a fluorometric "turn off" response when Al3+ ion was present in DMSO solution (HEPES 0.01 M, pH = 7.4) at room temperature. It was found that the binding propensity of MNP to Al3+ and Fe2+ ions were identified to be in 2:1 ratio (ligand:metal) by employing Job's plot. It is worth to mention that the MNP probe showed an excellent selectivity and sensitivity in detecting Al3+ and Fe2+ metal ions, in contrast with the other metal ions (Cu2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, V5+, Na+, K+, Hg2+, Cr2+ and Ce3+). From the results obtained the detection limits (LOD) for Fe2+ and Al3+ were found to be 0.1 μM and 0.2 μM, respectively. Additionally, MNP was successfully employed in smart phone application, which was used to calculate the LOD for both Al3+ and Fe2+ ions and found the similar detection limits as obtained through spectrophotometric measurements. This will help to determine solution of unknown concentration by calculating the RGB values. Furthermore, MNP was effectively utilised for construction of logic gates and quantitative detection of Al3+ and Fe2+ in real water samples. In addition, we conducted a detailed computational modelling analysis of MNP and its Al3+ complex, utilizing a combination of density functional tight binding (DFTB) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The findings provide valuable insights into their local reactivity properties © 2025 Elsevier B.V
Algorithmic justice: revamping AI governance in judicial systems
No full textThe swift incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into legal systems across the globe is changing the way justice is administered and posing significant ethical, legal, and societal issues. From predictive risk assessment models like the UK's HART to case prioritization systems like Brazil's VICTOR, artificial intelligence (AI) solutions promise consistency and efficiency yet function as opaque decision-making entities with far-reaching effects. The structural, algorithmic, and institutional aspects of AI in courts are critically examined in this paper, with particular attention paid to issues of bias, accountability, transparency, and human rights. It examines how algorithmic governance interacts with legal norms, societal inequities,
and procedural fairness through a comparative analysis of AI applications in Brazil, Singapore, Argentina, Colombia, India, and the United Kingdom. The study highlights the
dangers of proxy-based discrimination, "black box" systems, and the responsibility gaps that
come with automated decision-making. It delves deeper into ethical frameworks like the OECD AI guidelines, the Montreal Declaration, and the Asilomar Principles, putting forth a rightscentered paradigm for AI governance that upholds individual liberties, maintains judicial legitimacy, and lessens systemic unfairness. In the end, the paper makes the case that merging technical innovation with strong legal protections, democratic oversight, and open accountability procedures is necessary to achieve Algorithmic Justice
Synthesis and biological activity of novel 4-nicotinoyl-1,7-di(pyridi- ne-3-yl)-3,5-diaryl heptane-1,7-dione under Claisen-Schmidt condensation
No full textThe focus of the research is on the unexpected products that resulted from the condensation reaction between 3-
acetyl pyridine (1) and various heterocyclic aldehydes 2(a-h) under the conditions of the Claisen-Schmidt re-
action. Chalcone derivatives were produced in good yield 3(a-h) by various heterocyclic aldehydes in the
presence of aqueous alkaline bases.
The latest synthesis of chalcones with N, O, S heterocycles has shown their potential biological value in the
post-decade period. The chalcone compounds formed, which are immediately converted into unexpected 4-nic-
otinoyl-1,7-di(pyridine-3-yl)-3,5-diaryl heptane-1,7‑dione in the same reaction. The melting point, elemental
analysis, MS, FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopic data were used to confirm the structure of produced
compounds. A large number of heterocyclic chalcones have better activity than the standard ones.
The antibacterial activity of the produced compounds against various bacterial and fungal species was also
assessed in vitro. Studies on docking and anticancer were also conducted. Of the compounds that were syn-
thesised, 3g and 3h showed the highest potency due to the presence of a halogen atom.
The synthesised compounds were assessed for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal potential towards
several pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains by the agar well diffusion method. All these compounds showed
moderate to good antimicrobial activity. The most active antimicrobial compounds, 3g and 3h, were further
evaluated for their antioxidant potency by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethyl-
benzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS.+) cation radical decolorisation assays. Anti-inflammatory efficacy of these
compounds was tested by lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition assay. These derivatives were also assessed for their
cytotoxicity towards human lung cancer cells by MTT assay. The compounds 3g and 3h have shown good
antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity.
The molecular docking analysis was performed using the compound 3d with S. aureus enterotoxin,
P. aeruginosa bacterioferritin B, anticancer protein human BCL-2 isoform, and lipoxygenase to ascertain the
probable binding mode
Influence of the position of methoxy group of β-diketone ligand on structural conformation and supramolecular features of mononuclear cu(II) complex
No full textIn this study, a new pentavalent mono-nuclear copper complex with chelating bidentate ethyl 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate ligand (p-OCH3-L) has been synthesized via condensation reaction and the structure was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The effect of the position of the methoxy group of β-diketone ligands on the coordination complex was explored by comparison of structural and supramolecular conformation of new complex-1 [Cu(p-OCH3-L)2.H2O] with the complex-2 [Cu(m-OCH3-L)2. H2O] was taken from CSD database. The interaction of hydrogen bonding contacts in complex 1 forms a three-dimensional supramolecular assembly with zig-zag and ladder-like architecture. While in complex 2, an infinite linear 2-D sheet molecular assembly is observed. The planar structure of a molecule plays a crucial role in enhancing stacking interactions, which can be quantitatively assessed through enrichment ratio analysis. Experimental data and theoretical calculations reveal that the steric and electronic factors introduced by the para- and meta-methoxy groups within the coordinating β-diketone moieties have minimal impact on the electronic properties. However, these factors significantly influence the structural conformation and supramolecular packing of the complexes. © 2025 Elsevier B.V
Structural characterization and biological properties of novel biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles from the giant potato plant
No full textZinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are the subject of intense research due to their distinct catalytic, magnetic, electrical, optical, and biological capabilities. Due to limits in chemically produced nanoparticles, which are also shown to be environmentally toxic, it has been reported that plant-mediated production of these particles has attracted attention. Hence, the current work examined to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Ipomoea mauritiana aqueous leaf extract (ImALE) and to structurally characterize them along with evaluation of biological properties. The UV–Vis spectra studies showed a peak at 384 nm authenticating the existence of ZnO with an energy band gap of 2.8 eV. The XRD data supported the crystallinity of the produced Im-ZnO-NPs with ~ 10.83 nm average size. The FT-IR spectra validated the participation of the secondary metabolites during the formation of nanoparticles with metal oxide bonds observed at 491.92 cm−1. The produced particles’ morphology was observed by SEM, while EDS confirmed the high-quality Im-ZnO-NPs (98.66%). The antioxidant activities of Im-ZnO-NPs were also determined by FRSA and MC wherein 50% inhibition was observed at 1.66 mg mL−1 and 1.79 mg mL−1, respectively, which was concentration-dependent. Additionally, the MTT assay discovered that a dosage of 1.59 mg mL−1 was efficient for 50% cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells (HT-29), and with the highest tested dose, the Im-ZnO-NPs also demonstrated significant alterations in apoptosis induction. As the Im-ZnO-NPs examined throughout the study had antioxidant and cytotoxic capabilities, a thorough examination on cell interaction and their intrinsic toxicity can possibly be facilitated using in vivo approaches prior to their beneficial use
Ternary Metal (W–Ni–Sr) Oxide@Polypyrrole Nanotubes: A New Frontier in the Electrochemical Detection of Promethazine Hydrochloride (PMHC)
No full textPromethazine hydrochloride (PMHC) is a vital drug that is used as an anticholinergic, antipsychotic, antihistaminic, analgesic, sedative, and neuroleptic. However, the overdosage of PMHC also causes reproductive variations, cardiac changes, hypotension, and endocrinal variations. Hence, the detection of PMHC is crucial. Therefore, in this work an electrochemical method for the detection of PMHC is reported. The fabrication for the modified electrode is built with tungsten (W), nickel (N), and strontium (S) ternary oxide (tWNSO). To the best of our knowledge, this tWNSO ternary oxide preparation is reported for the first time in the literature. The prepared ternary oxide is deposited on the polypyrrole nanotubes, and this nanocomposite that is formed is confirmed by various physical characterizations like XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and also DFT studies for PMHC. Thus, the nanocomposite obtained is used as a working electrode for the detection of PMHC. The fabricated tWNSO/PPyNTs/GCE has an effective surface area of 0.0436 cm2. Also, no fouling was observed. The limit of detection of the analyte PMHC is 3.66 nM, the limit of quantification is 11.10 nM, and the sensitivity of the fabricated electrode in identifying the analyte is found to be 20.10 mu A mu M-1 cm-2. Thus, the modified working electrode effectively detects the analyte PMHC while demonstrating excellent stability and reproducibility
A new 1,2,3-triazole-indirubin hybrid suppresses tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis by mitigating the HGF/c-MET axis in hepatocellular carcinoma
No full textHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal cancer that is often diagnosed at the advanced stages which limits the available therapeutic options. The interaction of HGF with c-MET (a receptor tyrosine kinase) results in the activation of c-MET which subsequently triggers the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. Overexpression of c-MET in HCC tissues has been demonstrated to contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. Objectives: We aimed to synthesize triazole-indirubin conjugates, examine their growth suppressor effi-cacy in cell-based assays, and investigate the antitumor as well as antimetastatic activity of lead cytotoxic agent in the orthotopic mice model. Methods: A series of triazole-indirubin hybrids were synthesized and cytotoxicity, apoptogenic, and antimigratory effect of the lead compound (CRI9) was evaluated using MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, annexin-V/PI assay, TUNEL assay, and wound healing assay. The effect of CRI9 on the operation of the HGF/c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis was examined using western blotting and transfection experiments. Acute toxicity, antitumor, and antimetastatic activity of CRI9 were examined in NCr nude mice. The expression of c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR, CD31, and Ki-67 was examined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Results: Among the new compounds, CRI9 consistently displayed potent cytotoxicity against HGF-induced HCC cells. CRI9 induced apoptosis as evidenced by increased sub G1 cells, annexin-V*/PI* cells, TUNEL* cells, and cleavage of procaspase-3 and PARP. CRI9 inhibited HGF-induced phosphorylation of c-METY1234/1235 and subsequently suppressed the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. Also, depletion of c-MET or inhi-bition of c-MET by CRI9 resulted in suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. CRI9 showed no toxic effects in NCr nude mice and displayed a potent antitumor and antimetastatic effect in the orthotopic HCC mice model. CRI9 also reduced the levels of phospho-c-MET, CD31, and Ki-67 and suppressed the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in tumor tissues. Conclusion: CRI9 has been identified as a new inhibitor of the c-MET/PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in HCC preclin-ical models. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Cairo University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)