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High-performance tribopositive PEG-PVA blends for smart energy harvesting: A pathway to self-powered security and healthcare monitoring
No full textThe development of efficient and sustainable materials for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is critical for
advancing self-powered technologies. In this study, a novel tribopositive polymer composite of polyethylene
glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is introduced to fabricate high-performance TENGs. The incorporation
of PEG in varying quantities of (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 g) introduces additional polar functional
groups (-OH), forming a robust hydrogen-bonding network with PVA and creating abundant charge interaction
sites, which was confirmed through the DFT calculations. Systematic investigations of the PEG-to-PVA ratio
reveal a significant improvement in triboelectric output, achieving an output voltage of 426.52 V and 82.65 μA.
The practicality of the PVA/PEG-TENG is demonstrated through its ability to energize small electronic devices,
including smartwatch, a sequence of LEDs and commercial capacitors. Additionally, the device is successfully
integrated into a door security system, showcasing its potential for real-time security applications. Further, the
tactile movement detection of bedridden or comatose patients is monitored using the PVA/PEG-TENG, high-
lighting its potential in healthcare applications. This study establishes the PEG-PVA composite as a promising
material for versatile, high-performance, and sustainable energy-harvesting systems
How E-Commerce is Changing the Accounting Landscape
No full textThe rapid expansion of e-commerce has brought about a great deal of change in the accounting sector, posing both new
opportunities and difficulties for accountants. This study looks at how cloud-based accounting, AI-driven analytics, and automated financial systems are transforming how businesses manage and keep an eye on their finances in the digital age. Due to the large number of smaller, more frequent transactions in e-commerce, effective solutions that minimize human error and allow for real-time
financial tracking are now required. Businesses may now access the most recent financial data thanks to cloud-based solutions, and AI- powered technologies improve forecasting, data analysis, and strategic decision-makin
Technology Transfer in the Era of Military Conflict: Legal Challenges for International Trade and International Humanitarian Law
No full textObjective: to identify the complex relations between international trade and military law in the context of technology transfer; to analyze the legal implications of technology transfers for international humanitarian law in
order to clarify the impact of technology transfer in international trade on the warfare means regulation and identify legal gaps in existing international
conventions.
Methods: the study uses a comprehensive legal analysis of international documents, including the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, the Hague Conventions, and modern international agreements in the field of trade and technology. The authors used comparative legal method to study the national legislations of various states and a systematic approach to analyze the interaction of international humanitarian law and international trade law.
Results: the study revealed significant legal gaps in regulating the transfer of dual-use technologies during wartime. It was established that modern technologies, including artificial intelligence, autonomous weapon
Investigation of sustainable Ag-WO3 nanoparticles for environmental & photocatalytic remediation against methyl orange and its antimicrobial efficiency
No full textThe basic research problem addressed is the effective degradation of pollutants, such as methyl orange (MO) dye,
using photocatalysts in wastewater treatment. The problem lies in improving the photocatalytic efficiency and
stability of these catalysts. The objective of this study is to synthesize and evaluate the photocatalytic perfor-
mance of tungsten trioxide (WO3) and silver-doped WO3 nanoparticles (NPs) for the degradation of MO dye
under visible light. A convenient and effective coprecipitation technique was employed to synthesize WO3 and
Ag-WO3 NPs. The optical, structural, and spectral properties of the NPs were thoroughly examined using scan-
ning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spec-
troscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The role of silver in reducing the photogenerated
electron/hole pair recombination rate and reducing the band gap from 2.94 eV to 2.08 eV for direct bandgap
transitions was also investigated. The synthesized NPs demonstrated a higher photocatalytic activity due to their
smaller size, which have higher surface area-to-volume ratio and provides more active adhesion sites. The 4 %
Ag-doped WO3 catalyst achieved a remarkable 90 % degradation of MO dye within 180 minutes. This
enhancement in performance is attributed to the Burstein-Moss effect that show the most promising results. The
exceptional photocatalytic activity of the 4 % Ag-doped WO3 catalyst show its possible applications in waste-
water treatment
Inhibition of TFF3 synergizes with c-MET inhibitors to decrease the CSC-like phenotype and metastatic burden in ER+HER2+ mammary carcinoma
No full textThe interaction between HER2 and ERα signaling pathways contributes to resistance to anti-estrogen and HER2-targeted therapies, presenting substantial treatment challenges in ER-positive (ER+) HER2-positive (HER2+) mammary carcinoma (MC). Trefoil Factor-3 (TFF3) has been reported to mediate resistance to both anti-estrogen and anti-HER2 targeted therapies in ER+ and ER+HER2+ MC, respectively. Herein, the function and mechanism of TFF3 in ER+HER2+ MC were delineated; and novel combinatorial therapeutic strategies were identified. Elevated expression of TFF3 promoted the oncogenicity of ER+HER2+ MC cells, including enhanced cell proliferation, survival, anchorage-independent growth, 3D growth, cancer stem cell-like (CSC-like) phenotype, migration, invasion, and xenograft growth. Targeting TFF3 with an interfering RNA plasmid or a small-molecule inhibitor (AMPC) inhibited these oncogenic characteristics, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting TFF3 in ER+HER2+ MC. Furthermore, a high-throughput combinatorial anti-cancer compound library screening revealed that AMPC preferentially synergized with receptor tyrosine kinase c-MET inhibitors (c-METis) to reduce cell survival and the CSC-like phenotype. The combination of AMPC and c-METis also synergistically suppressed the in vivo growth of ER+HER2+ MC cell-derived xenografts and abrogated lung metastasis. Mechanistically, TFF3 was observed to activate c-MET signaling through a positive-feedback loop to enhance the CSC-like phenotype of ER+HER2+ MC. Therefore, proof of concept is provided herein that antagonizing of TFF3 is a promising therapeutic strategy in combination with c-MET inhibition for the treatment of ER+HER2+ MC
Water footprint management in textile industry through Acid Blue 113 remediation using halloysite nanoclay as a sustainable adsorbent
No full textExperimental studies were carried out to adsorb Acid Blue 113 (AB113), an azo dye that is probably a mutagen, from aqueous environments using commercially available, inexpensive halloysite nanoclay (HNC). Water footprint management in the remediation of dye from aqueous medium and textile industrial effluent (TIE) was the focus of a laboratory-scale experiment planned and carried out to align with the guidelines of sustainability and valorization. One interesting feature of this study is that the adsorption process is almost independent of the temperature (27–50 °C) and pH (2–12) range studied, which aligns with sustainability and valorization necessities. We conducted a laboratory-scale experiment to assess the water footprint of textile industrial effluent (TIE). To determine how operational factors affected the effectiveness of dye removal, we looked into initial dye concentration (25–200 mg L−1), contact time (15–180 min), adsorbent dosage (0.500–6.000 g L−1), initial pH (2–12), and temperature (30–50 °C). The findings showed that higher initial dye concentration, a 60-min contact time, and a pH range of 2–12 provide dye removal efficiency (qe = 95.00 mg g−1). A two-level fractional factorial experimental design (FFED) was employed to determine the factors influencing HNC’s adsorption capacity and evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach. The optimal values of the variables were determined using interaction factors derived from multiple regression studies based on FFED to maximize the second-order polynomial equation. Under optimal conditions of pH 1, the adsorbent dosage of 0.500 g L−1, beginning dye concentration of 623 mg L−1, adsorption time of 139 min with orbital shaking of 165 rpm at 49 °C, the maximum adsorption value achieved by statistical optimization was 329 mg g−1. Four two-parameter and six three-parameter isotherm models were used to analyze equilibrium data. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were applied in our adsorption kinetic investigations. Webber–Morris, Dumwald–Wagner, and film diffusion models were used to examine the diffusion effects. The adsorption system’s thermodynamic parameters, Gibbs free energy (ΔG0), entropy (ΔS0), and change in enthalpy (ΔH0) were also measured and assessed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the dye, the adsorbent, and the dye-adsorbed HNC. The experiments showed that HNC is an economical and efficient adsorbent for eliminating AB113 dye from aqueous solutions and effluent from the textile industry. It is possible to use the dye-adsorbed HNC, known as “sludge”, as a strengthening material for creating composites from waste plastic. Preliminary research examined and contrasted the physico-mechanical and chemical characteristics of dye-adsorbed HNC thermoplastic and thermoset composites with those of HNC composites. © The Author(s) 2025
High-performance tribopositive PEG-PVA blends for smart energy harvesting: A pathway to self-powered security and healthcare monitoring
No full textThe development of efficient and sustainable materials for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is critical for advancing self-powered technologies. In this study, a novel tribopositive polymer composite of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is introduced to fabricate high-performance TENGs. The incorporation of PEG in varying quantities of (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 g) introduces additional polar functional groups (-OH), forming a robust hydrogen-bonding network with PVA and creating abundant charge interaction sites, which was confirmed through the DFT calculations. Systematic investigations of the PEG-to-PVA ratio reveal a significant improvement in triboelectric output, achieving an output voltage of 426.52 V and 82.65 μA. The practicality of the PVA/PEG-TENG is demonstrated through its ability to energize small electronic devices, including smartwatch, a sequence of LEDs and commercial capacitors. Additionally, the device is successfully integrated into a door security system, showcasing its potential for real-time security applications. Further, the tactile movement detection of bedridden or comatose patients is monitored using the PVA/PEG-TENG, highlighting its potential in healthcare applications. This study establishes the PEG-PVA composite as a promising material for versatile, high-performance, and sustainable energy-harvesting systems. © 2025 Elsevier Lt
Recent trends in TiO2 focused S-scheme heterojunctions for photocatalytic innovations: A comprehensive analysis
No full textThe transformation of natural solar power into stable chemical energy represents a pivotal strategy for reducing
fossil fuel dependence. Among the various environmental remediation techniques, photocatalysis has emerged as
an effective method for harnessing natural light energy to produce sustainable chemical energy. Titanium di-
oxide (TiO2) is a widely studied photocatalyst, but its narrow light absorption and weak redox ability limit its
efficiency. To addresses these challenges, developing heterojunction systems has emerged as an effective method
to enhance the photocatalytic performance of TiO2. Specifically, the development of TiO2-based heterojunctions
involving two or more semiconductor materials can integrate multiple advantages, thus enhancing the overall
efficiency of the photocatalytic process. Significant advancements have been achieved in the design and fabri-
cation of TiO2-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts, leading to diverse applications in environmental
and energy-related domains. This review offers an in-depth examination of the properties, photocatalytic
mechanisms, design principles, and synthesis techniques of TiO2-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts.
Additionally, we explore recent progress in utilizing these photocatalysts for the breakdown of organic pollut-
ants, hydrogen production, and the conversion of carbon dioxide into renewable fuels through photoreduction.
Furthermore, we identify existing gaps in the current construction strategies and applications of TiO2-based S-
scheme heterojunctions, highlighting areas where further research is required to unlock their full potential and
advance this promising and innovative field
Exploring the role of lower genital tract microbiota and cervical-endometrial immune metabolome in unknown genesis of recurrent pregnancy loss
Get PDFRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) of unknown genesis is a complex condition with multifactorial origins, including genetic, hormonal, and immunological factors. However, the specific mechanisms underlying endocervical cell proliferation disorders in women with RPL remain inadequately understood, particularly concerning the role of microbiota and viral infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of endocervical cell proliferation disorders in women with RPL of unknown genesis by examining microbiota, human papillomavirus (HPV) typing, and the expression levels of key molecular biological markers, including p16/Ki-67, BCL-2, miR-145, and miR-34a. A prospective observational comparative study was executed on women with RPL and healthy pregnant controls with full ethical approval. Samples were collected for HPV typing and immunocytochemical analysis to evaluate the expression of p16, Ki-67, BCL-2, and the anti-oncogenic microRNAs (miR-145 and miR-34a). The expression of mRNA for the progesterone receptor (PGR-A) was also assessed, alongside local immune status markers, including proinflammatory T-lymphocytes (Th17/Th1) and regulatory CD4+ Tregs. Overexpression of p16, Ki-67, and BCL-2 was observed in 52.5% of women with RPL who had an ASC-US/LSIL cytogram, with the average double expression of p16/Ki-67 being three times higher than in the healthy pregnant group. A significant decrease in PGR-A mRNA expression in the endocervix of women with RPL was noted, accompanied by a dysregulated local immune status characterized by an increased prevalence of Th17/Th1 cells and a reduction in regulatory CD4+ Tregs. Additionally, the expression of miR-145 and miR-34a in the endocervix and endometrium of women with RPL significantly differed from the physiological pregnancy group, particularly in the context of high-risk HPV infection. The findings describe that disorders of endocervical cell proliferation in women with RPL of unknown genesis are associated with overexpression of specific molecular markers, impaired immune regulation, and altered microRNA profiles. These alterations may contribute to the pathophysiology of RPL, highlighting the need for further research into targeted interventions that could improve reproductive outcomes in affected individuals
Synthesis of thiophene-appended pyrazolines via citrus juice-assisted cyclocondensation: Characterization, crystal studies, computational analysis, and anti-angiogenic potential
No full textA series of thiophene-tethered pyrazoline derivatives (5a-h) were synthesized via a green cyclocondensation reaction between chalcones and substituted phenylhydrazines, utilizing citrus fruit extract as an environmentally benign reaction medium. The compounds were obtained in yields ranging from 72 to 89 %. Structural characterization was performed using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, while compound 5 g was further characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing an envelope conformation with distinct dihedral angles of 6.78°, 10.77°, and 88.6° between the pyrazoline and attached aromatic rings. Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed dominant H···H and C···H interactions in the crystal packing, while energy framework analysis indicated that dispersion energy (-249.8 kJ/mol) was the most significant stabilizing factor. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations (APFD/6–311++G(d,p)) showed that compound 5h exhibited the lowest HOMO–LUMO gap (3.17 eV), highest electron affinity (1.82 eV), and lowest ionization potential (4.99 eV), suggesting high reactivity, while compound 5f was the most electronically stable. Electrostatic potential maps of 5 g and 5 h indicated regions of strong nucleophilic and electrophilic potential. Anti-angiogenic activity was evaluated using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, where compounds 5a, 5c, 5 g, and 5 h significantly reduced microvessel density compared to control groups. Molecular docking studies against the c-Met tyrosine kinase receptor revealed strong binding affinities, with docking scores ranging from -6.7 to -9.1 kcal/mol. Compound 5c, with the highest theoretical pKd value of 6.68, demonstrated the strongest binding affinity, while compound 5a formed a key hydrogen bond with ASP1046, with the centroid of its pyrazoline ring positioned 2.78 Å from the receptor, indicating a stable interaction. These findings highlight the potential of thiophene-linked pyrazolines as promising candidates for anti-angiogenic drug development. © 2025 Elsevier B.V