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Discovery of imidazopyridine-pyrazoline-hybrid structure as SHP-1 agonist that suppresses phospho-STAT3 signaling in human breast cancer cells
No full textSignal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) promotes breast cancer malignancy and controls key processes including proliferation, differentiation, and survival in breast cancer cells. Although many methods for treating breast cancer have been improved, there is still a need to discover and develop new methods for breast cancer treatment. Therefore, we synthesized a new compound 2-(4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-1-(3-(2,6-dimethylimidazo1,2-apyridin-3-yl)-5-(3-nitrophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone (DIP). We aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of DIP in breast cancer cells and clarify its mode of action. We noted that DIP abrogated STAT3 activation and STAT3 upstream kinases janus-activated kinase (JAK) and Src kinases. In addition, DIP promoted the levels of SHP-1 protein and acts as SHP-1 agonist. Further, silencing of SHP-1 gene reversed the DIP-induced attenuation of STAT3 activation and apoptosis. DIP also induced apoptosis through modulating PARP cleavage and oncogenic proteins. Moreover, DIP also significantly enhanced the apoptotic effects of docetaxel through the suppression of STAT3 activation in breast cancer cells. Overall, our data indicated that DIP may act as a suppressor of STAT3 cascade, and it could be a new therapeutic strategy in breast cancer cells. © 2023 Elsevier B.V
Exploring the Interplay between Menstrual Leave and the Right to Privacy
Get PDFThis study delves into the intricate dynamics of balancing menstrual leave policies within the workplace context. It suggests that employers should adopt a versatile approach, providing various leave options to accommodate diverse degrees of discomfort and health conditions. Additionally, the study proposes extending policy support to individuals with non-binary gender identities, acknowledging the inclusive nature of menstruation. The research also highlights the challenge of maintaining employee privacy and dignity during policy implementation. Given that requesting menstrual leave involves personal disclosure, the study emphasizes the need for sensitivity and confidentiality. Potential breaches of privacy are acknowledged, emphasizing the importance of addressing these to prevent discomfort, embarrassment, or discrimination. To address these challenges, the study recommends employers to formulate clear guidelines for requesting and processing menstrual leave. These guidelines underscore the significance of respecting privacy, advocating against invasive inquiries. The study proposes the establishment of a streamlined communication channel that allows employees to seek leave without disclosing personal medical information, thereby safeguarding privacy and diminishing potential stigma. The research further underscores the significance of comprehensive training for HR personnel and managers. It emphasizes the importance of equipping them to handle menstrual leave requests with confidentiality and empathy. Communication training is highlighted as an essential element, focusing on strategies that prioritize privacy and create an environment where employees can seek support without hesitation
Rethinking the Idea of Ability: Convergence of People, Paradigms and Prototypes
Get PDFThis research article explores the evolving concept of ability in the context of contemporary society, focusing on the convergence of diverse elements such as individuals, paradigms, and prototypes. The traditional understanding of ability has often been confined to predefined norms and standardized measures. However, societal shifts, technological advancements, and a growing awareness of diversity have prompted a reevaluation of this notion. This article delves into the multidimensional nature of ability and examines how it is shaped by the interplay of people, paradigms, and prototypes. The article addresses challenges and opportunities associated with this evolving paradigm, providing insights into workplace dynamics, innovation, and the promotion of diversity and inclusivity. Discussions extend to implications and future directions, considering the intersection of technological advancements and human augmentation. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the necessity for ongoing research and exploration in the dynamic landscape of ability, advocating for a holistic understanding that captures the complexities of contemporary societ
The School Librarian as Information Specialist and Technology Allies
No full textThe school library plays an important role in the knowledge dissemination to the young mind of any nation. It is the duty of a school librarian to nurture the information needs of school pupil and make them efficient to contribute towards the nation. When compared to the other countries, the condition of school librarian in India is drastically different and challenging. This research article highlights the role of school librarian as information specialist and technology allies. This article describes the other possible multiple roles, multiple task performance of the librarian as technology specialist
Syntheses and crystal structures of four 4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazinium salts with hydrogen succinate, 4-aminobenzoate, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)acetate and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoate anions
No full textThe syntheses and crystal structures are presented for four organic salts of the 4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazinium cation, namely, 4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazinium hydrogen succinate, C10H14N3O2+·C4H5O4− (I), 4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazinium 4-aminobenzoate monohydrate, C10H14N3O2+·C7H6NO2−·H2O (II), 4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazinium 2-(4-chlorophenyl)acetate, C10H14N3O2+·C8H6ClO2− (III) and 4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazinium 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoate, C10H14N3O2+·C7F5O2− (IV). The salts form from mixtures of N-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine and the corresponding acid [succinic acid (I), 4-aminobenzoic acid (II), 2-(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid (III) and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoic acid (IV)] in mixed solvents of methanol and ethyl acetate. Salts I, III, and IV are anhydrous, whereas II is a monohydrate. In each structure, the overall conformation of the cation is determined by the disposition of the exocyclic N—C bond of the piperazine ring (either axial or equatorial) and twists about the N—C bond between the piperazine ring and its attached 4-nitrophenyl ring. The packing motifs in each structure are quite different, though all are dominated by strong N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which are augmented in I and II by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and in III by a π–π stacking interaction between inversion-related 4-nitrophenyl groups
Role of WTO in Afghanistan’s Path to Sustaining Peace Through Trade
No full textThe World Trade Organization (WTO) plays a pivotal role in shaping global trade dynamics, and its influence extends to countries emerging from conflict, such as Afghanistan. This paper explores the potential of WTO membership in Afghanistan’s path toward sustaining peace through trade. It examines how trade liberalization, facilitated by the WTO, can serve as a tool for economic stabilization, foster regional cooperation, and contribute to long-term peacebuilding in post-conflict societies. By analyzing Afghanistan’s economic history, current trade policies, and the challenges posed by political instability, the study underscores the role of trade as a means to enhance economic resilience, create jobs, and promote socio-economic development. Furthermore, it delves into the specific provisions of the WTO, such as dispute resolution mechanisms and trade facilitation agreements, which could offer Afghanistan the framework needed to integrate into the global economy while mitigating the risks of economic dependency and political fragility. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for Afghanistan to leverage WTO membership as a means to foster peace, stability, and sustainable development, while highlighting the broader implications of global trade governance in fragile states
Menstrual Leave in Indian Educational Settings: A Need for Bridging Health Needs and Gender Inclusivity
Get PDFThe discourse on menstrual leave policies in educational settings and workplaces highlights the intersection of health needs and gender inclusivity. Despite national dialogue and legal challenges, several Indian universities have implemented menstrual leave policies, underscoring efforts towards gender inclusivity and student welfare. However, disparities persist across institutions, with some yet to adopt such policies, impacting students' rights and educational equity. This paper examines the constitutional and legal frameworks supporting menstrual health as a fundamental right in India, addressing issues of equality and health under Articles 14, 21, and other relevant provisions of directive principles of state policy. Drawing on international frameworks and feminist perspectives, this study explores the broader implications and recommends policy advancements for inclusive menstrual health management in educational institutions
Syntheses, crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analysis of three salts of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine
No full textThe structures and Hirshfeld surface analysis of three salts of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine are discussed. In 4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-ium salicylate (C10H14N3O2+·C7H5O3−), there are strong hydrogen bonds between cation and anion and the 4-nitrophenyl substituent occupies an equatorial position in the piperazinium ring. The cation and anion are linked together by supramolecular interactions [graph-set notation of hydrogen bonding [C_{2}^{2}](6) propagating in the a-axis direction]. Additionally, there is π–π stacking involving the salicylate anion and the piperazinium cation in adjacent asymmetric units as well as a C—H⋯π interaction between a hydrogen atom on the piperazine ring and the phenyl ring within the salicyclate anion. In bis[4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-ium] bis(4-fluorobenzoate) trihydrate (2C10H14N3O2+·2C7H4FO2−·3H2O), there are two cations, two anions, and three water molecules of solvation in the asymmetric unit, all linked by hydrogen bonds [graph-set notation of hydrogen bonding R22(20) between adjacent cations and R33(9) between a cation and its adjacent anion]. In the anion, the 4-nitrophenyl ring occupies an axial substitution position in the piperazinium ring, which is relatively rare. Within the asymmetric unit, the phenyl groups in the cations show an offset π–π interaction. Additionally, there is a C—H⋯π interaction between a hydrogen atom on the phenyl ring within a cation and the phenyl ring within an anion. In 4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-ium 3,5-dinitrobenzoate (C10H14N3O2+·C7H4N2O6−), there is a strong N—H⋯O hydrogen bond linking the cation and anion and the 4-nitrophenyl ring occupies an axial substitution position in the piperazinium ring, as seen in the previous structure. In the crystal, the cation and the anion form a complex three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded array involving R22(8), R44(12) and R44(20) rings propogating in the a-axis direction. The nitrophenyl group is disordered with occupancies of 0.806 (10) and 0.194 (10)
Exploring Menstrual Leave in Islamic Jurisprudence: Cultural and Religious Perspectives
Get PDFMenstruation is often stigmatized and surrounded by taboos, causing women to feel guilty about a natural bodily process. Women may find it challenging to carry out their daily activities, particularly during the first day of their period. In Islam, menstruation is regarded with great importance, and women are exempted from prayer and fasting during their periods. Proper hygiene is also emphasized. Men are prohibited from divorcing their wives during their menses, and sexual intercourse is prohibited during menstruation, for forty days after childbirth, during daylight hours in Ramadan, and during pilgrimage. This article aims to explore whether Muslim women still face menstrual stigma, including the stigma surrounding the exemption from fasting and praying during their periods. It also examines traditional restrictions placed on Muslim women and initiatives offered by Muslim countries to support working women in the corporate world. The questions are pondered for discussion; Do Muslim women still experience stigmas related to menstruation? Are they being stigmatised for not fasting and praying while women are on their periods? What are restrictions based on tradition are placed on Muslim women? What initiatives are being offered by Muslim countries to support working women in the corporate world? The research employs a qualitative method with a normative doctrinal approach, which focuses on positive legal principles outlined in statutory regulations and aims to conceptualize law as an Islamic principle in writing
Navigating Data Protection in India: Key Laws and Regulations for Protecting Personal Information
Get PDFThe protection of data is grounded in the doctrine of an individual’s right to privacy, which has been explored and enshrined in the constitutions of many developed nations. Concerns for privacy and the protection of personal data became prominent in progressive nations during the 1970s with the advent of computerized systems capable of storing and disseminating large amounts of information. India, as a party to several international instruments, acknowledges privacy protections outlined in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights and the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights. While the Indian Constitution does not explicitly guarantee a right to privacy, the courts have interpreted other constitutional rights, such as the right to life and liberty, as encompassing a limited right to privacy. Although India lacks specific legislation on privacy and data protection, the Information Technology Act, 2000, includes provisions intended to safeguard electronic data, including non-electronic records or information processed electronically. In 2011, the Indian government introduced the Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures and Sensitive Personal Data or Information) Rules, also known as the Privacy Rules. These rules impose procedures on corporate entities collecting, processing, and storing personal data, distinguishing between “personal” and “sensitive” information.
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