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The Legal Paradigm of Menstrual Leaves Policy in the UAE, Kuwait, and Afghanistan
Get PDFMost legal regimes have failed to provide paid menstrual leave for women during employment, and this failure is due to several factors. Primarily, “menstruation” is very private. In some societies, it is still a taboo and degrading practice; employed women do not like to discuss it with their employers, mainly (who are men). The present study examines the legal framework and challenges of the Menstrual leave policy in the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, and Afghanistan. The existing article ponders three specific research questions: Is the menstrual leave a blessing or a curse? Should employed women be entitled to period leave under an Islamic regime? How effective are the legal frameworks and the regulatory types of laws in the above three states? This study employs the doctrinal method with legal analysis, and it will review some of the literature to gather the necessary information using normative methods. Furthermore, the study is limited to the legal system of the aforementioned states
Crystal structure studies and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 4-(dimethylazaniumyl)-2-hydroxyanilinium dichloride monohydrate at 90 K
Get PDFThe crystal structure and a Hirshfeld surface analysis of the substituted anilinium salt 4-(dimethylazaniumyl)-2-hydroxyanilinium dichloride monohydrate, C8H14N2O+·2Cl−·H2O, at low temperature (90 K) are presented. The organic cation is essentially planar: the r.m.s. deviation of its non-hydrogen atoms (aside from the two methyl groups) is 0.0045 Å. The methyl carbons are 1.3125 (12) Å and 1.1278 (12) Å either side of the mean plane. The crystal packing involves extensive hydrogen bonding of types O—H⋯Cl, N—H⋯Cl, N—H⋯OW, and OW—HW⋯Cl (where W = water), which arrange into chains of R24(12) motifs that combine to form corrugated layers parallel to (10[\overline{1}]). Atom–atom contacts for the cation primarily involve hydrogen, leading to the most abundant coverage percentages being 51.3% (H⋯H), 23.0% (H⋯Cl), 12.9% (H⋯O), and 9.7% (C⋯H)
Global online trade in primates for pets
No full textThe trade in primates as pets is a global enterprise and as access to the Internet has increased, so too has the trade of live primates online. While quantifying primate trade in physical markets is relatively straightforward, limited insights have been made into trade via the Internet. Here we followed a three-pronged approach to estimate the prevalence and ease of purchasing primates online in countries with different socioeconomic characteristics. We first conducted a literature review, in which we found that Malaysia, Thailand, the USA, Ukraine, South Africa, and Russia stood out in terms of the number of primate individuals being offered for sale as pets in the online trade. Then, we assessed the perceived ease of purchasing pet primates online in 77 countries, for which we found a positive relationship with the Internet Penetration Rate, total human population and Human Development Index, but not to Gross Domestic Product per capita or corruption levels of the countries. Using these results, we then predicted the levels of online primate trade in countries for which we did not have first-hand data. From this we created a global map of potential prevalence of primate trade online. Finally, we analysed price data of the two primate taxa most consistently offered for sale, marmosets and capuchins. We found that prices increased with the ease of purchasing primates online and the Gross Domestic Product per capita. This overview provides insight into the nature and intricacies of the online primate pet trade and advocates for increased trade regulation and monitoring in both primate range and non-range countries where trade has been substantially reported. © 2023 The Author
An investigation on polymers for shielding of cosmic radiation for lunar exploration
No full textIn outer space, we find many types of radiations that are due to solar flares, radiation belt, cosmic rays, etc. We are fortunate enough to be protected from these radiations on the surface of the Earth, whereas in other celestial objects such as planets and satellites, without a protecting atmosphere, penetration of radiation that may be ionising or non-ionising is inevitable. Hence, studying radiation environment and its effect on such celestial objects is very important for establishing facilities such as satellites, payloads, vehicles and human exploration. For such cases, manufacturing the products with lightweight, thermally stable, flexible, mechanically durable materials is essential and needs to be studied for the radiation effect. Hence, in the present work, we have made an attempt to calculate the rate of absorbed dose in case of polymers such as Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), polytetrafluoroethylene, Mylar, polystyrene and Zylon for the lunar radiation environment. From the literature, it is found that ions up to iron has a lion share in the ionic radiation in space. The simulations were carried out for ions from hydrogen to iron using the SRIM software with various energies. It is observed that the absorbed dose rate in the polymers increases with the increase in ion mass. Further, the study can be extended to get the information of various flexible materials for these ions from which a suitable material can be chosen for the different space applications. © The Author(s) 2023
The Role of Technology in Elevating Financial Performance: A Study of Afghan Commercial Banking
Get PDFThis research embarks on a comprehensive journey to uncover how online banking fundamentally shapes the financial landscape and stability of commercial banks in Afghanistan. With a focal point on the inaugural commercial bank established in the region, the study seeks to delve into the discernible and quantifiable impacts of online banking on the intricate financial operations of these institutions. The specific aim is to meticulously measure and understand the exact influence of online banking on the financial performance of commercial banks in Afghanistan. Anticipated findings from this research endeavor hold the promise of providing crucial insights into the pivotal role that digital banking plays in sculpting the financial trajectory of the Afghan banking sector. Through a rigorous and thorough examination of the effects of online banking, this study aspires to generate invaluable knowledge beneficial not only for industry practitioners but also for policymakers operating within the financial realm. These insights possess the potential to guide strategic decisions and navigate the course of financial practices within the Afghan banking landscape, ultimately fostering a more robust and resilient financial sector
Rethinking of Menstrual Leave under the Aegis of Indian Constitution
Get PDFMenstrual leave is a contentious topic in the current environment. The idea of menstruation leaves, which aims to promote women's health and well-being during their monthly cycles, is becoming more and more popular worldwide. In India, the government is guided by the directive principles of state policy to guarantee social and economic fairness. According to Article 42 of the DPSP, the state must provide for menstrual leave, maternity leave, and fair and decent working conditions. The wellbeing of working women in society, menstrual leave, and human working circumstances are highlighted in the text. According to the Supreme Court of India's ruling, the national and state governments, not the courts, should decide whether to implement a menstrual leave policy. Menstrual leave is not governed by any laws. The goal of this study is to add to the global conversation on advancing menstruation people's inclusivity and well-being
The quest for optimal photovoltaics: A theoretical exploration of quasi-one-dimensional tin based chalcogenides XSnS3 (X=Ba, Sr)
No full textStructural, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of alkaline metals (Ba, Sr) tin chalcogenide were investigated by the first principles method based on density functional theory (DFT) implemented in the WEIN2K program. The study found that both materials exhibit a quasi-one-dimensional nature along the b-axis, and the optimized structure agrees with the available experimental data. Mechanical properties revealed that both materials are mechanically stable, exhibit ductility, and have significant anisotropy. BaSnS3 and SrSnS3 exhibit an indirect band gap with the values of 1.55 eV and 1.39 eV, respectively. Which is favorable for photovoltaic solar cell absorber materials. Like many ternary metal chalcogenides, XSnS3 compounds show significant anisotropy in the optical properties due to their quasi-one-dimensional structure. This work determined the degree of optical anisotropy of XSnS3 in terms of the dielectric function, refractive index, optical absorption, reflectivity, optical extinction, birefringence, and energy loss function. The results indicate that BaSnS3 and SrSnS3 materials possess notable optical anisotropy and a high absorption coefficient (α≈ 106 cm−1), low reflectivity and energy loss function within the visible and ultraviolet energy range. It indicates their potential for use in a range of applications, such as sensors, optoelectronics, and photovoltaic solar cell absorber materials. © 2023 Elsevier Lt
The Impact of Menstrual Leave on Women's Employment Opportunities: A Comprehensive Analysis
Get PDFThis comprehensive analysis delves into the multifaceted effects of menstrual leave on women's employment opportunities. The influence of menstrual leave on female workforce participation is intricate, shaped by diverse factors encompassing cultural norms, societal perceptions, and legal frameworks within distinct geographical contexts. Menstrual leave, denoting the provision of paid time off for women during their menstrual cycles, has elicited fervent discourse. Advocates contend that it holds the potential to enhance women's physical and emotional health, diminish the societal taboos surrounding menstruation, and advance strides toward gender parity. Nevertheless, this study also scrutinizes apprehensions and potential repercussions associated with the implementation of such policies. By conducting a meticulous analysis, this paper sheds light on the nuanced interplay between menstrual leave and women's employment trajectories, offering valuable insights for policymakers, employers, and advocates of gender equality
Syntheses, crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate and 4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-ium trichloroacetate
No full textThe synthesis and crystal structures of the molecular salts of 4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine with trifluoroacetate, namely, 4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate, C10H14N3O2+·C2F3O2− (I), and with trichloroacetate, namely, 4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazin-1-ium trichloroacetate, C10H14N3O2+·C2Cl3O2−, (II), are reported and compared. A partial positional disorder of the anions was found. In both structures, the piperazine rings adopt a chair conformation, whereas the positions of the nitrophenyl group on the piperazine ring differ from bisectional in (I) to equatorial in (II). In both structures, the supramolecular assemblies are mono-periodic on the basis of the chain-of-rings motifs supported by aromatic π–π interactions. Hirshfeld surface analysis was used to explore the intermolecular close contacts in both crystals. The most dominant contacts of the Hirshfeld surface of the cation–anion pairs of the asymmetric units are O⋯H/H⋯O, and those with a contribution of halogen atoms: F⋯H/H⋯F in (I) and Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl in (II), respectively
Sustainable Forest Management for Hiriyur Taluk of Karnataka State, India through Geospatial Mapping
Get PDFForest is one among the major resources that takes crucial role in sustaining ecological equilibrium and environmental system that earned great importance in national and international level policies implementations. Forests
are the large area dominated by medicinal plants, timber, agricultural implements, carts & accessories, aromatic, oil
yielding, fodder, dye, resin, flavoring agents, vegetables, pulses, fruits, and others products. Hiriyur forest lands are classified into dense & open deciduous, forest plantations and scrub forests zones that are mapped and digitized by Survey of India topomaps (1975 & 2009); IRS LISS-III (2001 & 2005) and Sentineal-2A satellite images (2019) in ArcGIS software. Satellite images portray meaningful and valuable data in identifying the changes and real factors of forest degradation. Supervised classification techniques using maximum likelihood algorithm are considered to achieve best results as final output maps. Geospatial approach is a powerful tool in adding immense value for governance policies, empower sustainable development goals, serve in better business-action plans by timely observation of forest resources and its sustainability