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Sistem parol di Jabatan Penjara Malaysia: Analisis dari perspektif Siyasah Syar’iyyah / Mohd Huzaini Yaakob
No full textParol merupakan sejenis hukuman yang mula diperkenalkan di Malaysia yang telah mengambil model daripada negara Barat seperti Amerika Syarikat, United Kingdom dan Australia. Parol adalah pelepasan awal kepada banduan dan perlu berkhidmat kepada komuniti serta memberi peluang kedua kepada banduan untuk memulakan kehidupan baru. Di Malaysia Parol diletakkan di bawah Jabatan Penjara Malaysia di bawah unit Parol dan Khidmat Komuniti. Sehubungan itu, Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pelaksanaan dan sistem Parol itu di Malaysia menurut persepektif Siyasah Syar‟iyyah. Kajian ini telah menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan kualitatif menerusi temubual bersemuka terhadap lapan orang informan yang merupakan pegawai penjara di Pejabat Parol dan Komuniti di daerah Kuantan, Pahang. Hasil kajian ini mendapati sistem Parol memenuhi tujuan syariah dan mempunyai elemen ta'zir serta menepati konsep istihabah. Tuntasnya, pelaksanaan Parol di Malaysia yang berlandaskan Siyasah Syar‟iyyah bukan sahaja memberi peluang kedua kepada pesalah malah memberi manfaat kepada pengurusan insitusi penjara Malaysia dan komuniti
Penguasaan kosa kata bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan pelajar antarabangsa di Universiti Malaya / Norfaizal Jamain
No full textKosa kata bahasa Melayu mempunyai peranan yang penting terutamanya kepada pelajar antarabangsa untuk berkomunikasi dengan berkesan. Kekangan yang dihadapi oleh pelajar antarabangsa untuk menguasai bahasa Melayu disebabkan oleh kekurangan kosa kata kerana kurang menggunakan strategi pembelajaran kosa kata dengan sebaik mungkin semasa mempelajari bahasa Melayu. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis saiz kosa kata bahasa Melayu di samping menghuraikan hubungan korelasi penggunaan strategi pembelajaran kosa kata yang diamalkan oleh pelajar semasa mempelajari bahasa Melayu. Selain itu, kajian ini akan menilai faktor-faktor yang mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan terhadap penguasaan kosa kata bahasa Melayu dengan menggunakan Model Pemerolehan Bahasa Kedua Ellis (1994) dan Taksonomi Schmitt (1997). Kajian berbentuk kuantitatif ini dijalankan terhadap 30 orang pelajar antarabangsa ijazah tinggi yang sedang mengikuti kursus Bahasa Malaysia Asas di Fakulti Bahasa dan Linguistik, Universiti Malaya. Terdapat dua instrumen kajian yang digunakan, iaitu ujian penilaian kosa kata dan borang soal selidik berkaitan strategi pembelajaran kosa kata bahasa Melayu. Selepas itu, data dianalisis dengan menggunakan ujian -t, ujian korelasi Pearson, interpretasi hubungan dan regresi berganda. Hasil kajian membuktikan, wujudnya hubungan yang signifikan selepas pelajar melalui proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran yang menunjukkan nilai p = 0.000 (0.05. Sebagai kajian lanjutan, satu Ujian Khas Kosa Kata Bahasa Melayu boleh dibentuk dengan kerjasama daripada pelbagai pihak berkepentingan seperti Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia. Justeru, kajian kosa kata bahasa Melayu perlu diteruskan dan dipergiatkan lagi demi kelangsungan dan pengantarabangsaan bahasa Melayu pada masa akan datang
Hybrid metaheuristic method for clustering in wireless sensor networks / Bryan Raj Peter Jabaraj
No full textWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used widely in many applications to ease data access in large-scale and hard-to-reach areas. However, WSNs possess many limitations, such as limited energy, memory size and communication ranges. Energy is the biggest concern in WSNs, as these nodes are deployed randomly in hard-to-reach sensing fields. So, the idea of replacing the battery is not a viable option. To alleviate the problem, clustering techniques were proposed in the early 2000s. However, it faced issues such as isolated node problems and energy hole problems because of the inefficiency in Cluster Head (CH) selection. As such, the existence of metaheuristic methods to optimally select the CH and forms clusters has opened up a research interest in proposing a metaheuristic method with balanced exploration and exploitation ability for efficient CH selection. As such, this thesis proposes a hybrid metaheuristic method that consists of Sperm Swarm Optimization (SSO) algorithm and Genetic Algorithm (GA), which is termed HSSOGA. To ensure the performance of the developed method in obtaining the optimized solution, the method is evaluated on 11 test benchmark functions named Sphere, SumSquare, Zakharov, Rosenbrock, Step, Ackley, Griewank, Rastrigin, Schwefel 2.26, Michalewicz and Egg Crate. The results obtained by the proposed HSSOGA in optimizing this function was promising as it ranked first in the majority of the test function compared to existing hybrid metaheuristic method such as HFPSO, HPSOGA, SAGA, PSOGWO, HSSOGSA and existing conventional methods termed SSO and GA. Then, the proposed HSSOGA is enhanced by adaptively tuning the crossover and mutation probability, as well as linearly reducing the velocity of the sperms to ensure the exploration and exploitation of the method are controlled based on network changes. The adaptive HSSOGA (aHSSOGA) is implemented in the WSN environment to mitigate the isolated node and energy hole problems. To assist the proposed method, the objective functions used to select optimal CH is refined by adding objectives such as CH’s maximum neighbour node and average isolated node probability. Moreover, two improvised clustering techniques are introduced to reduce the energy overhead cost from the re-clustering process. The performance of aHSSOGA is evaluated based on average residual energy, network lifetime, total re-clustering occurrence, total data delivery, network throughput and end-to-end delay metrics. The proposed aHSSOGA outperforms the state-of-the-art
The production and perception of English monophthongs by acehnese speakers / Tanzir Masykar
No full textEnglish is the only foreign language made as a compulsory subject from junior to senior high school in the Indonesian school curriculum. Some private schools also promote the use of English outside school hours. One such school system is the Islamic boarding high schools in Aceh, which require students to speak in English with their peers, seniors and teachers during their three years stay at the school. The rationale for the use of English is to improve the English language fluency of the students. However, to date, there is a lack of published studies on the English sounds produced by the students. To begin filling this gap, the present study investigated the production and perception of English monophthongs by Acehnese Indonesian speakers from one Islamic boarding school in Aceh. A total of 29 Islamic boarding high school students participated in the study. Two types of data were collected: (i) the production of English, Acehnese, and Bahasa Indonesia monophthongs, and (ii) the perception of English vowel contrast. For the production data, students produced English, Acehnese and Bahasa Indonesia monophthongs embedded in target words placed in a carrier sentence. For the perception data, students completed the AX, ABX and FCI tests of English vowel contrast with the audio stimuli provided by an American English speaker. The findings revealed that the quality of English monophthongs produced by the speakers were similar to Acehnese Indonesian speakers reported in a previous study from public non-boarding schools. Second, the speakers tended not to contrast typical vowel pairs in terms of quality. Third, three types of assimilation were found, full assimilation, partial assimilation and mixed assimilation. Fourth, the perception accuracy of each vowel pair was found to be task dependent. Their discrimination score was mostly higher in the ABX, followed by the AX and FCI tests. Finally, their ability to discriminate English vowel pairs in the perception test was assisted not by their assimilation of English vowels to Acehnese and vowels as suggested by speech learning models such as Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM) and Second Language Linguistic Perception (L2LP). Instead, the cues they heard from the audio stimuli assisted their ability to discriminate the vowel contrasts
Metaphorical proverbs in Malay Pantun / Sue Mohd Yusoff
No full textThe two principal aims of this research was to identify (i) the components which constitute the ‘meaning construction’ of Malay metaphorical proverbs in classical Malay pantun, and (ii) what the meanings of Malay metaphorical proverbs reflect about the mind of the Malay who were an agricultural community in early times. This was carried out by analyzing 30, 4-line generic classical Malay pantun with metaphorical proverbs consisting of 5 main themes that is, faith, knowledge, love between a man and woman, human relationships, and social enlightenment. The analysis used the following frameworks: Lakoff and Turner’s ‘Generic is Specific’ Proverb Model (1989), Ahrens’ Conceptual Mapping Model (2002), Sapir-Whorf’s Hypothesis II (Theory of Linguistic Relativism, 1929) and 5 branches of philosophy. Of the 63 metaphors identified, it was found that 61 target domains have relatable qualities to the source domains and are concrete nouns compared to just 2 abstract nouns that turned up in the data. For RQ1, the components that were identified in the metaphorical proverbs that aided in ‘meaning construction’ included connotations couched in symbolic images which gave rise to a message, parallel structures, and one’s schema or personal knowledge. These are summarized and tabled individually in Chapter 4. For RQ2, the findings showed that the language used by the old Malays in their metaphors were shaped by their observations, personal knowledge, or exposure to their daily activities in the natural environment and these functioned as an extension of their thought awareness
Impact of learner avatar in virtual reality assisted instruction on EFL vocabulary learning / Baoxin Feng
No full textImmersive virtual reality (IVR) technology is being used to enhance EFL learners overcome their difficulties with their language skills. Previous studies have demonstrated that instruction that includes immersion will positively enhance learners' retention of newly learned vocabulary, yet there is not much study on long-term retention and usage. In line with that, this study aims to investigate the vocabulary retention, usage and writing performance of learners who learn vocabulary via IVR versus those who learn from conventional classroom-based instruction. Simultaneously, this study also explored the correlation between learners' avatar identification and vocabulary learning performance. A total of 177 Chinese undergraduate EFL learners participated in this research. Learners from two treatment groups learnt 96English words via VR technology and conventional classroom instruction respectively. The vocabulary learning performance and retention were measured via pre-test, immediate-posttest, and delayed-posttest. Based on the repeated measures ANOVA, a significantly higher performance and long-term retention were found in the group using VR. Whilst the result of linear regression reveals that learners’ avatar identification is significantly positively correlated with their vocabulary learning performance. The results demonstrate that avatar identification relates to learners’ perception of presence and embodiment, which seems to enhance VR-assisted vocabulary learning. Additionally, the learners in the IVR group produced more informative and detailed content in terms of their vocabulary usage and content writing, which may be attributed to their embodiment experience in the virtual environment. A comparative analysis revealed that learners using IVR performed significantly better on target word usage, lexical density, distribution richness and completion of task than those in the conventional classroom. Based on the results, it would seem that the positive transfer of learning may be related to the experience of exploring in a virtual environment. The positive transfer of learning appears tobe related to the experience of exploring in a virtual environment, which motivates learners to interact with and learn about the lexical items in the virtual context, making vocabulary learning an unconscious process. Thus, one pedagogical implication of the study is that instructors may consider using VR technology to help learners produce contextualized and visualized memories of the target vocabulary. The findings of this study suggest that there is potential for using VR in language instruction as it provides learners with a realistic language learning environment, immersive experience, body movement-based interaction, as well as improved vocabulary retention and vocabulary usage in writing for learners
Improvement of heat transfer in tube heat exchanger via passive flow generator / Farah Arina Ibrahim
No full textInternally treated tube heat exchanger surfaces are one of the passive heat transfer enhancements that have attracted the attention of the industry due to their high performance and low-cost requirements. In this study, the effect of pipe internal groove surface and wire coil insertion on heat transfer, velocity profile, and thermal enhancement efficiency was numerically analyzed and simulated at two bulk temperatures of 25 °C and 30 °C. Three variations of 1000 mm copper tubes were analyzed numerically: smooth surface; groove diameters of 1 mm and 0.5 mm; and wire coil inserts of 1 mm and 0.5 mm. The pitch length was held constant at 8 mm. However, to support these, an experiment for 1 mm wire coil insertion was conducted and shows significant results on the enhancement of heat transfer. In simulation, the Nusselt number of a wire coil insert tube with a diameter of 0.5 mm increased by 114 % at a Reynolds number of 8000 and by 31 % at a Reynolds number of 4000. Compared to a smooth tube, a 1 mm circular groove increased the Nusselt number by 136 % and 19 % at Reynolds numbers of 20000 and 24000, respectively. Furthermore, 1 mm of circular groove tube increased the heat transfer coefficient from 12,000 to 24,000 by 45 % to 192 %. In the experiment analysis of a 1 mm wire coil insert tube, the friction factor decreased while the Nusselt number increased at bulk temperatures of 25 °C and 30 °C from 46 % to 197 %. The heat transfer coefficient increased between 2.94 and 2.97 times in comparison to the smooth tube. It is concluded that the diameter of the groove and wire coil play an important role in heat transfer improvement and convection on the boundary layer surface
Beliefs about global English and L2 motivation of Chinese EFL learners / Gu Huiyuan
No full textBeliefs about English as a Global Language held by Chinese EFL learners as well as their attitudes toward Global Englishes (GE) and English language teaching (ELT) have been widely explored in research literature (Fang & Ren, 2018; He, 2020). Recently, appeals have been made for the need of a solid framework to examine language learners’ beliefs in a GE-oriented context. However, few studies have focused on the Chinese EFL learners’ beliefs about English and Global Englishes in such a context. Also, there is a lack of studies that connect these beliefs to students’ L2 motivation. This thesis addressed this research gap. It explored EFL learners’ beliefs about English language and Global Englishes in mainland China. It employed the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model as a theoretical framework. The research objectives were: (1) to explore Chinese EFL learners’ beliefs about Global Englishes and English language learning; (2) to examine the attitudes (behavioral beliefs), subjective norms (normative beliefs) and self-efficacy (control beliefs) that learners hold about English and English language learning; (3) to assess Chinese EFL learners’ motivation for L2 learning; (4) to identify the dimensions that underlie Chinese EFL learners’ beliefs and L2 motivation; (5) to investigate the relationship between Chinese EFL learners’ beliefs and their L2 motivational orientations. To meet these objectives, the study employed an explanatory (QUANQUAL) mixed-methods research design. Participants in this study were 460 (N = 460) students at a university in mainland China. The findings from the exploratory factor analysis revealed that the students’ beliefs formed four dimensions, namely, awareness of Global Englishes, beliefs about Standard English, beliefs about China English and beliefs about English language education. Notably, one dimension — beliefs about English language education — had a clear ideological orientation as it referred to how English should be taught. As for the students’ L2 motivation, three dimensions were identified, namely, (1) Integrative Orientation, (2) Instrumental Orientation and (3) International Posture. The regression analysis indicated that there existed positive and statistically significant relationships between some of the language learners’ beliefs and their L2 motivation. Particularly, the beliefs about English language education were found to have the strongest impact. The thematic analysis in the qualitative phase provided empirical support to the finding from the quantitative strand. This study and its findings have some theoretical, methodological and pedagogical implications
Exploring implementation of imaginative free play activities by preschool teachers / Thivasenikumari Viswanathan
No full textThe issue of exploring the implementation of Imaginative Free-Play (IFP) activities in preschool brought understanding of how this practical teaching experience worked among preschool teachers. The importance of IFP activities in children's development and how preschool teachers implement IFP activities in the preschool have not been studied, despite the fact that many other studies on other types of play activities have been conducted. The aims of the study were to: 1) To explore the importance of Imaginative Free-Play Activities in children’s development. 2) To explore the role of preschool teachers during Imaginative Free-Play Activities in class. 3) To observe the strategies that preschool teachers apply in implementing Imaginative Free-Play Activities. 4) To explore the issues and challenges faced by preschool teachers when conducting Imaginative Free-Play Activities. The study was a qualitative case study. A private preschool located in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia, was selected to sample four preschool teachers. The data was gathered in two ways: through interviews and observational analysis, as well as through a checklist review and administration. Nvivo, a qualitative data analysis software, was used to organise the interview transcripts and observation analysis forms. Through the software, thematic analysis was conducted and codes were created and reformed after conceptual grouping to form descriptions and themes. The findings of the study revealed that the implementation of IFP activities by preschool teachers had positive effects on children’s holistic development. Overall, it was seen that the children had built and strengthened all their developmental areas: cognitive development, social development, language development, physical development, emotional development, and creative development. The role of preschool teachers in IFP activities was linked to the theory that IFP activities were a form of creative teaching with given elements: innovative planner, self-reliance facilitator, supportive motivator, and divergent-thinking playmate. The effectiveness of IFP activities is linked to the strategies of preschool teachers used during IFP activities, which are to boost children’s curiosity, stimulate children’s imaginative thinking, and develop children’s innovative and creative skills. However, some issues and challenges encountered by preschool teachers during IFP activities were related to children’s behaviour, the environment, and the teacher’s behaviour. The study concluded that the implementation of IFP activities by preschool teachers is important because it has positive impacts on the children’s holistic development, academic achievement, and broadened knowledge
The effect of authentic leadership, personal mastery, and job complexity on employee creativity: The mediating role of autonomous motivation / Adnan Fateh
No full textCreativity is necessary for modern-day organizations to make sense of the ever-changing environment and thrive in the face of intense competition. A significant amount of importance is assigned to creativity at the workplace, due to its part in enabling the organizations to gain and maintain a sustainable competitive advantage. Despite its importance for organizational success and performance, it remains an area of little empirical research. Though creativity is essential for all types of jobs and organizations, the study of creativity at software development firms is of particular importance because of its relevance to the activities of these organizations. Literature tells us that employee creativity results from the interaction of different factors present within the work environment and the individual, as skills and attitudes responsible for producing useful and novel innovations can be learned and honed over time. The factors facilitating creativity at the workplace can range from leadership to job characteristics to individual differences in motivation. The study aims to unravel the antecedents of workplace creativity by investigating the role of leadership, work environment, and personality orientation. For that purpose, the study sets out to examine the effect of two environmental factors, authentic leadership and job complexity and an individual-level factor of personal mastery orientation, on employee creativity at software development organizations in Pakistan, mediated through autonomous motivation. The paucity of research regarding the role of these factors in the software development organizations of Pakistan warrants this study. In pursuit of the study objectives, this study develops an integrated model of Self-determination theory (SDT) and componential theory of creativity to investigate the proposed relationship between the study's variables and how they influence the dependent variable. The basic model of SDT was used to construct the theoretical framework of the study. Seven hypotheses were developed based on the developed theoretical model. Quantitative research approach was employed following a post-positivistic paradigm. Primary data was collected using a survey questionnaire. A total number of 341 usable self-reported responses were collected from the employees of software development organizations in Pakistan. The study uses a cross-sectional design. Partial least square (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for data analysis and confirming the proposed hypothesized relationships. The study's findings provide empirical evidence of the relationship between authentic leadership, personal mastery, job complexity, and employee creativity through autonomous motivation. The results of the study suggest that authentic leadership has a significant positive relationship with autonomous motivation. Also, personal mastery and job complexity have a significant positive relationship with autonomous motivation. Additionally, autonomous motivation has a significant positive relationship with employee creativity. Furthermore, it was revealed that autonomous motivation mediates the relationship between authentic leadership, personal mastery, job complexity, and employee creativity. By integrating the theoretical models, the study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing understanding of leadership's role, individual differences, and job characteristics in fostering employee creativity. In practice, the study provides valuable inputs for the management of software development organizations faced with the challenge of low creative output and lays out recommendations for using factors present at the workplace appropriately to enhance creativity. Finally, study implications, limitations, and future research are highlighted