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Understanding the role of abiotic stress in azadirachtin accumulation in callus cultures of neem (Azadirachta indica) through proteomics approach / Siti Ainnsyah Omar
No full textAbiotic stress such as salinity and jasmonic acid have the potential to impact plant growth and synthesis of secondary compounds. Abiotic stresses might also act as elicitors which may stimulate the production of secondary metabolites as a part of defense system. In this research, in vitro callus culture of neem, a highly valuable medicinal tree was developed and induced with salinity and jasmonic acid stress to explore their effects on the production of azadirachtin, an essential neem secondary metabolite. Further investigation was carried out to evaluate the impact of these stresses on the expression and regulation of neem proteins via comparative proteomics. In this study, callus cultures were subjected to various concentrations of salinity stress (0.05 - 1.5% of NaCl) and jasmonic acid (1 - 6 mg/L) for 4 weeks. The outcomes showed that the callus was able to survive at increasing NaCl and jasmonic acid concentrations. However, overall fresh weight reduction was observed as the stress concentration increased. Remarkably, callus grown under salt and jasmonic stress showed an increase in the level of azadirachtin production compared to control. The highest total azadirachtin contents were recorded from callus supplemented with 6 mg/L jasmonic acid and 1.5% NaCl. In order to acquire some molecular insights of stress adaptations undergone by the callus cultures, the samples were subjected to shotgun proteomics analysis. From the analysis, a total of 129 (36 upregulated and 93 downregulated) proteins were differentially regulated in salinity stress; meanwhile, 320 (34 upregulated and 286 downregulated) proteins were associated with jasmonic acid elicitation. Overall, altered proteins in salinity stress were related to several functional groups such as cellular process, metabolic process, response to stimulus (stress, abiotic stimulus, and chemical), biological regulation, and biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms. Meanwhile, in jasmonic stress, differentially abundant proteins were related to several functional groups, for instance, cellular process, metabolite process, response to stimulus, localization, and development process involved in reproduction. The findings suggest that elicitation with jasmonic acid and salinity stress significantly improved the content of azadirachtin in the sample compared to control media. Thus, this information on stress-induced improvement of secondary metabolites synthesis can be used as a tool in manipulation of biosynthesis pathways for large scale production to produce natural product-like compounds under controlled conditions
High-performance cotton hydrogel-based flexible supercapacitors consisting of graphene / Badawi Nujud Mohammed M
No full textThe effectiveness of the electrochemical process for supercapacitors has been enhanced by conductive cotton hydrogel with the incorporation of graphene and other ionic contents. The inherently soft nature of cotton mixed with hydrogel provides superior flexibility of the electrolyte, which benefits the devices in gaining high flexibility. Herein, it is reported the current research progress in the field of solid-state hydrogel electrolytes based on 3D pure cotton/graphene and present an overview of the future direction of the research. The ionic conductivity of CGH2 complex hydrogel significantly increased up to 13.9 x 10-3 S/cm at 25 °C due to the presence of graphene which provides a smooth path for the transport of charge carriers and polymer. Furthermore, electrochemical studies were performed by sandwiching the composite hydrogel electrolytes between symmetric cotton-coated graphene electrodes. The electrical conductivity of cotton with different concentrations of graphene was studied. Four-probe method was employed to examine the electrical characteristics of treated cotton electrodes, the graphene coated cotton samples with 17th layers resulted in a surface resistance of 0.644 Ω/sq and retained their maximum resistance even after two months. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis are crucial tools for examining the samples' thermal stability and material degradation pattern. TGA was used to evaluate the thermal stability of the pure cotton sample and the cotton that had been treated with graphene, and the mechanical properties of the composite cotton sample were evaluated by tensile strength test. The fabricated cotton-graphene electrode/ composite hydrogel electrolyte cotton- graphene electrode based symmetric supercapacitor attained the highest specific capacitance of 327 F/g at 3 mVs-1 which was measured by cyclic voltammetry measurement and from galvanostatic charge-discharge measurement, it is obtained a maximum value of 385.4 F/g at 100 mAg-1 current density. The instruments, namely X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) have been employed to study the properties of the electrodes and electrolyte, which showed good dispersion of electrode and hydrogel electrolytes samples obtained by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) doping, which reduced the ripple of the cotton. The effectiveness of symmetric supercapacitors fabricated using composite hydrogel electrolytes has been confirmed by powering up a light- emitting diode (LED). Furthermore, the electrochemical analysis demonstrated that cotton- graphene-based hydrogel electrolyte is electrically stable and could be used for the design of next-generation supercapacitors
Study of hybrid perovskite based thin films for field effect transistor and UV photodiode applications / Yashotha Subramaniam
No full textRecent developments in the field of electronics involving three-dimensional (3D) organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have sparked the discovery of two-dimensional (2D) and one-dimensional (1D) materials. The introduction of bigger organic amine groups into the perovskite structure results in low-dimensional perovskites having enormous potential for creating high-stability perovskite photovoltaics and optoelectronics. The morphology issues greatly limit charge transport in the thin film. Primarily, this study uses solution processing techniques to investigate the potential application of low dimensional perovskite as an active layer in field-effect transistors (FET). Adding Nafion as a surface modification to the top of the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode has demonstrated that charge injection can be improved. A thin layer of spin-coated Nafion deposited between the ITO and the perovskite active layer reduces the injection barrier by altering the ITO's effective work function from 4.40 eV to 4.90 eV. Subsequently, poly (9-vinylcarbazole) PVK blended into a one-dimensional Propylammonium lead bromide (PAPbBr3) precursor solution. The blended PVK induced preferential vertically orientated nanopillars as revealed by synchrotron-based two-dimensional grazing incident X-ray diffraction. This simultaneously reduced the grain boundaries and improved pin-hole free films. As a result, maximum hole mobility of 0.012 cm2/Vs was achieved. Additionally, it was discovered that adding PVK to pristine PAPbBr3 reduced the hysteresis voltage from 4V to 0.95 V (in PAPbBr3: the PVK-25% device). This research indicated that the performance of FETs depends on the injection barrier and the perovskite nanopillar microstructure. The next phase of this thesis assessed the applicability of low-dimensional perovskite, 2D layered phenethylammonium lead bromide (PEA2PbBr4) as an active layer in a self-powered ultra-violet (UV) photodiode. The PEDOT: PSS was chosen to serve as the hole transport layer, while the PCBM material was chosen as the electron transporting hole blocking layer. The moisture-sensitive PEDOT: PSS, on the other hand, led to inadequate surface coverage and the deterioration of perovskite material. This, in turn, led to a decrease in the device's performance and instability. A significant increase in photocurrent and stability was observed when a hydrophobic Nafion layer was added on top of the PEDOT: PSS and perovskite interface. At 0 V bias, the best PEA2PbBr4 film-based device had a high photocurrent of 0.34 mA/cm2 and a fast response time of 15.6 μs. The improved device's responsivity and detectivity were estimated to be 25 mA/W and 2.54x1011 Jones, respectively. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy have proven that the increased surface coverage is directly responsible for better device performance. Moreover, owing to the hydrophobic nature of the Nafion layer, the PEA2PbBr4 films and devices based on Nafion-coated PEDOT: PSS exhibited superior UV light stability than those without the Nafion layer. Thus, high-performing devices were successfully fabricated using highly repeatable, solution-processed, and cost-effective methods
Moisture adsorption-desorption behaviour in poly (vinyl alcohol-co-acrylic acid)/graphene oxide nanocomposite copolymer films / Farah Aqilah Md Zulkiflie
No full textThe widely employed technique for dehumidifying air through refrigerant cooling method
consumes an immense amount of energy. To improve energy efficiency, independent
humidity control system using desiccant has been introduced. This study focuses on
finding an alternative to the commonly used solid desiccant, silica gel, to improve the
mechanical properties, sorption capacity and recyclability. This study reports on the
synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol-co-acrylic acid) (P(VA-AA)) via solution polymerisation
from the hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate-co-acrylic acid) (P(VAc-AA)). To enhance both
the mechanical and sorption properties of the copolymer, graphene oxide (GO) was
incorporated as a filler at different concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5%. The prepared
samples were characterised by various techniques, including Fourier transform infra-red
spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray
diffraction analysis (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC). The results demonstrate that the added filler was uniformly
distributed within the polymer matrix, leading to enhanced thermal properties. It was also
observed that the nanocomposite film containing 2% GO, denoted as P(VA-AA)/GO2,
showed improved mechanical characteristics with values of 4.780 MPa for tensile
strength, and 7.831 GPa for Young's modulus. The samples were also tested for their
ability to adsorb moisture from the surroundings at different relative humidity (RH) levels
and their capability to maintain optimum sorption capacity for 10 repeated cycles.
Experimental results show that P(VA-AA)/GO2 exhibited notable improvement in
sorption capacity for all RH levels. The P(VA-AA)/GO2 can adsorb 0.245 g/g water
vapour at 25 °C and 90% RH, compared to the P(VA-AA) without filler, which could
only adsorb 0.015 g/g water vapour at the same conditions. This vast difference is attributed to the larger proportion of hydrophilic functional groups in GO. This result is
also supported by the contact angle measurements, in which P(VA-AA)/GO2 has reduced
contact angles by 31% compared to its pristine copolymer that indicates its hydrophilicity.
The composite desiccant is also able to maintain its adsorption capacity at every cycle
(10 cycles)
Organic geochemical characteristics of source rocks and crude oils in the North Malay basin, Malaysia-Thailand joint development area (JDA) / Siti Hanisah Sidik
No full textThe study is conducted in the acreage of Malaysia-Thailand Joint Development Area (MTJDA), within the matured and prolific North Malay Basin, at the southern part of the Gulf of Thailand with an aerial coverage of about 7250 km2 and water depth ranging between 45 m and 60 m. Exploration in MTJDA has started in 1970’s with many gas fields have been developed and producing gas since 2000’s. Most of the hydrocarbons produced were accumulated in the structural or structural-stratigraphy traps within the shallow levels of late Miocene post-rift sequences. In Malay basin, the oil accumulation has been considered to have been generated mainly from Group K, L and M lacustrine source rock while the organic-rich bearing strata of Group E are considered still immature for hydrocarbon generation due to shallow burial depth. In view of the lacustrine source rock, the MTJDA is expected to have accumulated significant amount of oil, however this area is a gas prone basin. The deltaic coal/ shale in Group E is presumed to be possibly the main effective source rock that generated mainly gas in the JDA. In this research, the geochemical characteristics of the syn-rift and the post-rift source rock and oil/ condensate samples were evaluated. The objectives are to study the organic matter characteristics, thermal maturity level of source rock, distinguish the biomarkers of crude oil and source rocks, and to understand the relationship of hydrocarbon by oil-oil and oil-source correlation. The geochemical analysis reveals that the rock cutting sediments generally were moderate in quality with variable richness based on TOC (total organic carbon), and variable degree of maturity based on the biomarkers analyses of isoprenoid, hopanoid and steroid. From the geochemical analyses, the crude samples in this area are originated from the coaly and carbonaceous shales of Group I, with mixed kerogen of type II/III that capable to produce gas with minor oil. There’s also a possibility that these hydrocarbons were originated from a lower Group E interval (better maturity) which was deposited in a similar setting as Group I. However, most of the extracts of Group E showed a lower degree of maturity, thus lowering the possibility that the hydrocarbon originated from this interval
Biostratigraphic analysis of Tanjung-1 and Tapi-1 wells in Malaysia-Thailand joint development area (JDA) Of North Malay basin based on foraminifera and palynology / Fatin Nur Adilah Md Idris
No full textThe JDA is a tertiary basin located to the north of North Malay Basin. It consists of thick rift successions with lacustrine deposits, followed by a sag phase of mainly paralic and shallow marine sediments during the Miocene. This study analyzed selected wells which are Tanjung-1 and Tapi-1, located 36.6km apart. The analyzed depth of Tanjung-1's ranged from 3050-740 meter of measured depth (mMD), and Tapi-1's ranged from 2800-740mMD. Tanjung-1 had 48 taxa of palynomorphs, whereas Tapi-1 contained 72. The palynomorphs have been grouped into mangrove taxa, hinterland pollen ‘sum’, spore, algae, and dinocysts. A total of 13 foraminifera taxa including the agglutinated, calcareous hyaline, and calcareous porcelaneous groups identified from both wells. Species composition in the wells, supported by environmental parameters such as particle size analysis, organic matter, and calcium carbonate content in the sediments, suggested the paleodepositional environment ranged from fluviolacustrine, fluviomarine, marginal marine, and inner neritic. Notice that the inner shelf in Tanjung-1 is dominated by Asterorotalia pulchella and the accessory species is Pseudorotalia schroeteriana. Whereas Tapi-1, is dominated by Pseudorotalia schroeteriana but Asterorotalia pulchella is absent. For delta front species, Bigenerina sp. and Reophax sp. are found throughout Tapi-1.While, in Tanjung-1, Bigenerina sp. and Miliammina sp. abundantly in Serravallian to Tortonian and Cavarotalia annectens survive from Tortonian to Messinian. Hence, the age of the succession is determined based on the quantitative palynological data that follow PR zones which have been the standard reference for the chronostratigraphic of Malay Basin. Therefore, a spatial correlation has been made referring to their distribution pattern supported by gamma ray log. The T-R event was observed that led to the formation of delta and inner shelf bioprovinces. During Aquitanian, Tapi-1 recorded a high abundance of benthic foraminifera whereas Tanjung-1 recorded the least specimens of Rhizophora and benthic foraminifera. Myrtaceae acme zone in Tanjung-1 and the abundance of Myrtaceae in Tapi-1 during Burdigalian supported the occurrence of a regression major event. The transgression during Langhian resulted in the formation of Florschuetzia linage zone in both wells. Meanwhile, the PR 10UC, PR 11, and PR 12LC went missing because the northern flank of the Malay Basin lifted up or tilted, leading to a difference in distribution later. Regression in Serravallian is indicated by the abundance of hinterland pollen dominated by Ilex type in Tanjung-1, and Florschuetzia trilobata acme in Tapi-1. Reactivation of Malay Basin axial shear zone in the Middle to Late Miocene, caused the shallow marine sag basin to form. Meanwhile, the temporal distribution of the species present is governed by glacio-eustatic sea -level fluctuations that contribute to sediment accumulation. Glacial periods with low sea levels become cooler and drier, marked by montane forests with frost-tolerant conifers, typically of Podocarpus, Picea, and Pinus. Interglacial periods with high sea levels become wetter and warmer highlighted by rainforest, peat swamp, and back mangrove swamp taxa. With that, a depositional model of the Tanjung-1 and Tapi-1 wells is generated together with reconstructing the gross depositional environment model of JDA in North Malay Basin
A Practice and approach of mediators under the shariah jurisdiction in resolving family conflicts in Malaysia / ‘Ainan Husnaa Muhammad Saifullah
No full textThe mandatory court-annexed mediation in Shariah courts is commonly referred to as sulh and led by third-neutral parties known as sulh officers. While sulh has countlessly proven to be a highly effective mechanism in reducing a backlog of cases, Shariah courts continue to be burdened with high rate of cases, including divorce and family cases. Muslim family conflicts subject to Shariah jurisdiction also continue to plague Malaysian society, a situation that has worsened since the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic. Family dynamics in Malaysian Muslim society have been severely affected. The issue of backlog of cases also remains a challenge for the Shariah courts. With only a limited number of sulh officers appointed across Malaysia and very little information available on private mediators providing mediation services for family cases under Shariah jurisdiction, the progressive practice of sulh (mediation) to resolve family conflicts has consequently become static. Therefore, a qualitative approach of semi-structured interviews with ten respondents and library research was applied to explore the prospects of private mediators, particularly Syarie lawyers with mediation accreditation (SLMAs), in terms of their practice and approach in expanding the mediation practice for family conflicts under Shariah jurisdiction. The objectives of this study are threefold: to determine the types of alternative dispute resolutions in Islam that are used to resolve family conflicts, to analyse the practice of private and state Shariah mediators in resolving family conflicts in Malaysia; and to identify the benefits and challenges faced by state and private Shariah mediators in Malaysia. The results indicated that sulh (mediation) is indeed an ideal alternative for resolving family conflicts due to its voluntary, binding, less time-consuming, and less costly. The practice and approach of mediators under Shariah jurisdiction are similar to those of civil mediators. However, compared to civil mediators, state mediators under Shariah jurisdiction rely heavily on sulh officers, whilst SLMAs barely practice mediation for Shariah family cases. The results also concluded that compared to other challenges of the mediator’s profession, the lack of awareness in the society has a high negative impact on both the society and the mediators’ perspective. The disputing parties would lose time and money while SLMAs would find it difficult to obtain clients as it is against their policy to promote themselves. SLMAs could undeniably be a great asset for the expansion of sulh or mediation practice under Shariah jurisdiction. Their services help to speed up the work of state mediators and elevate the position of Shariah courts, as mediation agreements for family conflicts subject to Shariah jurisdiction would need to be endorsed by Shariah courts via settlement agreements. To conclude, state and private mediators providing services for family cases under Shariah jurisdiction are encouraged to join forces to promote the growth of sulh (mediation) for Muslim family conflicts both within and outside Shariah jurisdiction
Pengetahuan, sikap dan tingkah laku masyarakat Muslim terhadap program pemulihan pesalah seks remaja: Kajian di Selangor / Nursyahidah Ibrahim
No full textKajian ini ialah PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN TINGKAH LAKU MASYARAKAT MUSLIM TERHADAP PROGRAM PEMULIHAN AKHLAK BAGI PESALAH SEKS REMAJA: KAJIAN DI SELANGOR. Peranan masyarakat diakui penting sebagai pencegah penularan wabak sosial seperti salah laku seksual dalam kalangan remaja. Bagi remaja yang telah terjebak dengan salah laku seksual, mereka perlu menyertai satu siri program pemulihan sosial bagi tujuan pemulihan. Meskipun program tersebut merupakan suatu usaha yang baik dalam membantu memulihkan akhlak remaja bermasalah, namun penelitian terhadap beberapa isu yang berlaku mendapati pengetahuan, sikap dan tingkah laku masyarakat terhadap program pemulihan akhlak bagi pesalah seks adalah kurang memuaskan. Hal ini jelas dibuktikan melalui penolakan masyarakat terhadap program pemulihan akhlak sedia ada. Selain itu, masyarakat tidak jelas tentang fungsi dan tujuan sebenar program pemulihan akhlak dijalankan. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti pengetahuan, sikap dan tingkah laku masyarakat Muslim di Selangor terhadap program pemulihan akhlak bagi pesalah seks remaja serta menganalisis hubungan di antara ketiga-tiga aspek tersebut. Seterusnya, kajian ini dijangka dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesedaran masyarakat khususnya masyarakat Muslim di Selangor terhadap program pemulihan akhlak bagi pesalah seks remaja. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif penuh yang berbentuk kajian tinjauan secara atas talian. Sebanyak 416 soal selidik telah diedarkan kepada masyarakat Muslim berusia 18 tahun ke atas yang dipilih menggunakan Teknik Persampelan Mudah. Akhir sekali, dapatan kajian mendapati pengetahuan (N=416, min=3.94), sikap (N=416, min=3.85) dan tingkah laku (N=416, min=3.04) masyarakat Muslim di Selangor berada pada tahap sederhana tinggi. Masyarakat Muslim dikenal pasti mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik, menunjukkan sikap yang positif dan tingkah laku yang sederhana baik terhadap program pemulihan akhlak bagi pesalah seks remaja. Hasil analisis pula mengesahkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan positif antara pengetahuan dan sikap (r=.545, p<0.01), pengetahuan dan tingkah laku (r=.368, p<0.01) serta sikap dan tingkah laku (r=.427, p<0.01) masyarakat Muslim terhadap program pemulihan akhlak bagi pesalah seks remaja
Development of geopolymer mortar and concrete containing eco-processed pozzolan (EPP) from palm oil industry / Ahmat Mahamat Ahmat
No full textThe utilisation of natural resources causes serious environmental impacts. After water,
concrete is the second most widely used substance in the world. The most commonly used
building material is ordinary Portland cement (OPC), which is responsible for carbon
dioxide (CO2) emissions. The loss of biodiversity, as well as the dumping of industrial
by-products and waste materials, are major environmental concerns. There are other
serious consequences of over-exploitation of natural resources that include flooding, lack
of sand and coarse aggregates etc.
One of the damage control mechanisms is the utilization of supplementary
cementitious materials (SCMs) and other alternative industrial by-products to replace the
conventional cement, sand, granite aggregates etc. This research investigates the
feasibility of using eco-processed pozzolan (EPP), a palm oil industrial by-product, as a
partial replacement for fly ash (FA) in geopolymer concrete (GPC) and mortar.
Various percentages of EPP replacement were used to design a total of nineteen
mixtures. Thus, the percentages of EPP utilised in the mortar and concrete mixtures were
10, 30, and 50%, and 10 and 30%, respectively. The alkaline activator/binder and sodium
silicate/sodium hydroxide were constant, and the samples were cured at 60°C for 24
hours. The influence of EPP in GPC and mortar on the fresh and hardened properties such
as mechanical properties, durability, and microstructural analysis was examined.
The test result showed that using a large proportion of EPP decreases the flow of the
mortar. This is due to the occurrence of a high number of irregular and porous particles
in EPP, which causes the mixture to flow more slowly. It is recommended to use 10-30% EPP since it yields the optimum 28-day compressive strength of 35-41 MPa. However,
the use of a higher quantity of EPP with relatively low specific gravity and porous
particles produced a weaker geopolymer mortar. The splitting tensile strength of both
lightweight (LW) and normal weight (NW) GPC, except for M6 containing 30% of EPP
substitution, have satisfied the minimum requirement (2.0 MPa). In addition, the flexural
strength of GPC mixes produced approximately 9.54–11.51% of their respective 28-day
compressive strength. Both LW and NW GPC achieved comparable flexural strength.
The MOE of LW GPC is lower than NW GPC. The decrease in MOE is attributed to the
low specific gravity of POC aggregates. Moreover, the GPC specimens exhibited no
physical damage or surface erosion after 56 days of submersion in 3% HCl and 5%
MgSO4 solution.
Therefore, the use of EPP as a construction material reduces the disposal of vast
quantities of waste from the palm oil industry and lessens the negative impact of
construction on the environment
Parallel, sponge-based authenticated encryption with side-channel protection and adversary-invisible nonces / Mohamud Ahmed Jimale
No full textSince its birth in 2000, Authenticated Encryption (AE) has been a hot research topic. AE plays a crucial role in secure communications today since it is the backbone of standard, secure communication protocols like SSH, SSL, and TLS. In this regard, many new features have been proposed to boost its security, efficiency, or performance. AE is a cryptographic scheme that simultaneously provides two essential security services, i.e., confidentiality and authenticity. The block cipher was the dominant underlying primitive in constructing AE schemes with few others, like stream ciphers and compression functions. Sponge construction is a cryptographic primitive that emerged in 2007 and was first used for AE in 2011. It relies on an iterated permutation or transformation that can be used to implement reseedable pseudorandom generators, hashing, and AE schemes. Sponge-based AE schemes provide functional characteristics such as parallelizability, incrementality, and being online. They also offer security features for protection against active or passive adversaries. Parallel sponge-based AE schemes are not protected against side-channel attacks such as simple power analysis (SPA) and differential power analysis (DPA). On the other hand, sponge-based AE schemes that protect against such attacks are serial and cannot be parallelized. Furthermore, sponge-based AE schemes handle the nonces in a way that could allow misuse. So, sponge-based AE schemes that hide the nonce from adversaries are also an open problem. This work aims to bridge these gaps by proposing a parallel sponge-based AE with side-channel protection and adversary-invisible nonces (PSASPIN), using parallel fresh rekeying and the duplex mode of the sponge construction. A leveled implementation is used to implement the key generation part using a pseudorandom function (PRF) based on the Galois field multiplication. The data processing (the rekeyed) part is implemented using the sponge-based duplex mode. Finally, the security proof of the proposed scheme is provided using game-based theory according to the PRP/PRF switching lemma, and its performance is analyzed. The analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of security and performance. The security analysis shows that the proposed scheme is secure in the ideal permutation model. The performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme is comparable to existing sponge-based AE schemes in processing larger message sizes, despite offering unique features that combine SCAs protection, nonce-obliviousness, and parallelism