Jurnal Ilmu Fisika (JIF)
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Structural Evolution and Ionic Conductivity of Al2O3-Doped LLZO via Single Heat Treatment
Full text linkThis study investigates the synthesis via solid state reaction and characterization of Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LLZO) as a solid electrolyte doped with Al₂O₃ using a one-step heat treatment (sintering at 900°C for 4 hours). Samples were prepared with doping variations; pure LLZO (0Al-LLZO), 0.25Al-LLZO, and 0.5Al-LLZO, based on the formula with x = 0, 0.25, and 0.5, and were mixed using ball milling for 4 hours at 25 Hz. XRD and Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of a dominant tetragonal Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ phase alongside minor secondary phases. Grain sizes ranged from 1.2 to 1.3 µm, and densification improved with increasing Al content. The 0.25Al-LLZO sample exhibited the highest ionic conductivity of 2.83 × 10⁻⁹ S/cm at room temperature, representing a 2.96-fold increase over undoped LLZO. These results indicate that Al doping significantly enhances structural stability and Li-ion transport in LLZO electrolytes processed at moderate temperatures
Enhancing Stellar Orbit Accuracy through the Radius Power Law Time Step Function Model
No full textAccurately determining stellar orbits within astrophysical systems is paramount for understanding celestial mechanics. This study proposes a novel approach to enhance orbit accuracy by incorporating a radius power law time step function model. The methodology involves the numerical integration of the system's dynamics using a forward fourth-order symplectic integrator, combined with a time step function dependent on the distance of the test particle from the system's center. We conduct simulations on various astrophysical scenarios represented by conservative potentials, including point mass, Plummer, and Hernquist models. Our results demonstrate that employing a power-law time step function with an exponent of 1.5 significantly reduces phase-space error (measured by the ratio of radial to orbital periods) and improves orbit accuracy (measured by the gradient of the relative total energy drift). The method is easy to implement, computationally efficient, and adaptable to N-body and more general dynamical systems. Its solid theoretical basis and numerical reliability make it a practical tool for improving orbit accuracy in diverse astrophysical applications
Analysis of Secondary Particles Produced by 50-500 MeV Muon and Water Interaction using PHITS Monte Carlo Package
Full text linkSecondary particles will always be generated in particle-to-matter interactions. The interaction of muons with matter produces various secondary particles. In this study, secondary particles produced by the interaction between muons with energies of 5, 50, 100, 200 and 500 MeV with water were analyzed using the PHITS Monte Carlo package. The muon source is placed on the surface of water that has a thickness of 1 km. The muography technique was applied by placed a detector at a depth of 1 km from the source. This detector records the secondary particles produced by the interaction. The results obtained show that this interaction produces secondary particles in the form of photons and neutrons in the detector. The number and energy of these photons and neutrons are strongly influenced by the initial energy of the muon. Muons with the lowest energy of 5 MeV produce more secondary particles than any other energy by a factor of 10. Low-energy muons travel slowly, allowing more interactions to occur and increasing the number of secondary particles in the detector. The energies of neutrons and photons in the detector are at most 3.76 MeV and 5.3 MeV, respectively.Partikel sekunder akan selalu dihasilkan dalam interaksi partikel-ke-materi. Interaksi muon dengan materi menghasilkan berbagai partikel sekunder. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan analisis partikel sekunder yang dihasilkan oleh interaksi antara muon dengan energi 5, 50, 100, 200, dan 500 MeV dengan air. Sumber muon ditempatkan pada permukaan air yang memiliki ketebalan 1 km. Detektor yang ditempatkan pada kedalaman 1 km dari sumber merekam partikel sekunder yang dihasilkan oleh interaksi tersebut. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa interaksi ini menghasilkan partikel sekunder berupa foton dan neutron pada detektor. Jumlah dan energi foton dan neutron ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh energi awal muon. Muon dengan energi terendah 5 MeV menghasilkan lebih banyak partikel sekunder daripada energi lainnya sebesar 10 kali lipat. Muon berenergi rendah bergerak lambat, sehingga memungkinkan lebih banyak terjadi interaksi dan meningkatkan jumlah partikel sekunder pada detektor. Neutron dan foton yang paling banyak dihasilkan masing-masing sebesar 3,76 MeV dan 5,3 MeV
Karakterisasi Silikon dari Sekam Padi Terdoping dengan Kobalt: Analisis Struktur dan Sifat Magnetoelektrik
No full textThe development of Si-based materials has attracted increasing attention, particularly for application in semiconductors, batteries, sensors, and optical technology. Silicon has abundant availability, high energy storage capacity, and low work potential. However, it faces compatibility challenges due to its low electrical conductivity and extremely small magnetic susceptibility. This research aimed to investigate the influence of Co dopants on the structure, morphology, electrical conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility of silicon. Silicon was synthesized using the magnesiothermic reduction method, and silicon was modified with Co metal dopants at 0.1% and 0.5% concentrations through the impregnation method. XRD analysis results showed that Si, 0.1% Co/Si, and 0.5% Co/Si exhibit silicon diffraction patterns at 2θ = 28.42º; 47.28º; 56.11º; 69.13º; and 76.36º. The morphology of Si and Co/Si revealed a rough, uneven, and porous surface with particles appearing spherical. Electrical conductivity increases with Co concentration: Si = 1223 µS/cm, 0.1% Co/Si= 1376 µS/cm, and 0.5% Co/Si= 1529 µS/cm. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicated that Si, 0.1% Co/Si, and 0.5% Co/Si are paramagnetic at a range of 1.18 x10-6 to 1.25 x10-5 SI. These characterization results confirmed that the modification with Co dopants can enhance the magnetoelectric properties of silicon.Perkembangan bahan berbasis silikon semakin menarik perhatian, khususnya dalam aplikasi semikonduktor, baterai, sensor, dan teknologi optik. Hal ini dikarenakan silikon memiliki kelimpahan tinggi, kapasitas penyimpanan energi yang besar, dan potensi kerja yang rendah. Namun, silikon menghadapi ketidakcocokan untuk aplikasi dengan karakteristik yang sulit dicapai, seperti konduktivitas listrik dan sifat magnetik yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki pengaruh dopan Co pada struktur, morfologi, konduktivitas listrik, dan suseptibilitas magnetik silikon. Silikon disintesis menggunakan metode reduksi magnesiotermik, dan silikon dimodifikasi dengan dopan logam Co pada konsentrasi 0,1% dan 0,5% melalui metode impregnasi. Hasil analisis XRD menunjukkan bahwa Si, 0.1Co/Si, dan 0.5Co/Si menunjukkan pola difraksi silikon pada 2θ= 28.42º; 47.28º; 56.11º; 69.13º; dan 76.36º. Morfologi Si dan Co/Si mengungkapkan permukaan yang kasar, tidak rata, dan berpori dengan partikel yang tampak bulat. Konduktivitas listrik meningkat seiring dengan penambahan konsentrasi Co: Si= 1223µS/cm, 0.1Co/Si= 1376µS/cm, dan 0.5Co/Si= 1529µS/cm. Pengukuran suseptibilitas magnetik menunjukkan bahwa Si, 0.1Co/Si, dan 0.5Co/Si bersifat paramagnetik pada rentang 1.18E-6 hingga 1.25E-5 SI. Hasil karakterisasi ini mengkonfirmasi bahwa modifikasi dengan dopan Co dapat meningkatkan sifat magnetoelektrik siliko
Validation of OpenMC Code for Low-cycle and Low-particle Simulations in the Neutronic Calculation
Full text linkValidation of Low-Cycle and Low-Particle OpenMC Simulation Codes for Neutronics Calculations has been conducted. This study validates OpenMC, an evolving open-source neutron analysis code. Validation of Low-Cycle and Low-Particle Codes is crucial as it allows for effective calculations with minimal computational resources. Determining the convergence point of cycles and minimum particles in low-cycle and low-particle calculations enables maintaining calculation accuracy, thus providing sufficiently accurate results. This study demonstrates that a minimum of 15,000 particles, 100 cycles (30 inactive, 70 active), is required for low-cycle simulations. A comparison of k-eff calculation results with the SRAC code for MSR FUJI-12 at 7 burnup points (0-27 MWd/ton) yields a maximum error of 0.7%. These results validate the effectiveness of OpenMC in achieving accurate neutronic calculations with limited computational resourcesValidasi Simulasi Kode OpenMC Siklus Rendah dan Partikel Rendah untuk Perhitungan Neutronik telah dilakukan. Studi ini memvalidasi OpenMC, kode analisis neutronik sumber terbuka (open-source) yang terus berkembang, untuk simulasi siklus rendah dan partikel rendah, yang sangat penting untuk lingkungan komputasi dengan sumber daya terbatas. Studi ini berfokus pada menunjukkan akurasi dengan sumber daya komputasi yang terbatas, yang sangat penting untuk utilitas praktis OpenMC. Analisis konvergensi nilai k-eff dan entropi memandu penentuan jumlah siklus tidak aktif untuk perhitungan k-eff. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa minimal 15.000 partikel, 100 siklus (30 tidak aktif, 70 aktif) diperlukan untuk simulasi siklus rendah. Perbandingan hasil perhitungan k-eff dengan kode SRAC untuk MSR FUJI-12 pada 7 titik pembakaran (0-27 MWd/ton) menghasilkan error maksimum sebesar 0,7%. Hasil ini memvalidasi efektivitas OpenMC dalam mencapai perhitungan neutronik yang akurat dengan sumber daya komputasi yang terbatas
Projection of Climate Extreme Indices Based on Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) in Aceh Province
Full text linkRepresentative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios are based on assumptions about the future development of radiative forcing. There are 4 RCP scenarios, but only 2 RCP scenarios are used in this study, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The aims are to identify characteristics and percentage changes in extreme climate indices in the future. CMIP5 model data such as CCSM4, IPSL-CM5A-LR, IPSL-CM5A-MR, IPSL-CM5B-LR and NorESM1-M were used. The model data was downscaled using a statistical method, and bias correction was based on observational data from five BMKG stations in Aceh Province for the historical period (2001-2005). Subsequently, the observation data and bias-corrected model data for extreme climate events were identified based on the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). The extreme climate indices utilized in this study are consecutive rainy days (CWD), consecutive dry days (CDD), total annual rainfall (Prcptot), monthly maximum temperature (TXx), and monthly minimum temperature (TNn). The results show that the CDD, Prcptot, TXx and TNn climate indices tend to increase in 2021 – 2100 periods. Meanwhile, the CWD decreased. Based on the historical period, all extreme climate indices increased significantly in 2021 - 2100 except TXx, which decreased in 2021 – 2040
Physical and Chemical Properties of Gayo Coffee Brewed by Boiling Method with Variation of Particle Coffee Ground
Full text linkThe effect of coffee ground particle size by the boiling method on the values of physical and chemical parameters is studied. The coffee used is Arabica (Luwak, wine, honey) and Robusta from the Gayo Highlands, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Extraction of the coffee brew uses the boiling method with different particle sizes of coffee grounds (fine and coarse). The caffeine content in the coffee brew is identified using the FieldSpec4 Hi-Res Spectrometer. The particle size of coffee grounds affected the coffee brew's physical properties and caffeine content. The physical properties in the form of the pH value of Arabica coffee brew are lower than Robusta in a range from 4.87 to 4.97 and 5.13 to 5.28, respectively. The pH of coffee brew with fine particle sizes is slightly higher than for coarse ones for Robusta coffee brew. The density of the brew is in the vicinity range of 0.99 g/cm3. Arabica and Robusta brews differ in viscosity and caffeine release, influenced by coffee particle size. Coarse particles yield more caffeine in Arabica, while fine particles release more in Robusta, demonstrating the impact of grind size on caffeine extraction in coffee
Analisa Lapisan Sedimen Bawah Permukaan Pada Pembangunan Jalan Elevated Danau Dendam Tak Sudah Kota Bengkulu Menggunakan Metode HVInv
No full textBengkulu City is situated within a subduction zone where the Indo-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates converge, rendering the area highly susceptible to seismic activity. This study employs the microseismic method to assess seismic vulnerability and the subsurface rock structure at the Dendam Tak Sudah Lake Flyover Construction Site in Bengkulu City, which encompasses a swampy region. The microseismic method used was an inversion of the horizontal to vertical (H/V) spectral ratio (HV-Inv) for determining the dominant frequency (f0), amplification factor (A0), seismic sensitivity index (Kg), and shear wave velocity (Vs). The findings reveal that f0 in the study area range from 2.16 to 7.53 Hz, A0 vary from 0.40 to 3.79, and Kg values span from 0.03 to 6.04. The sedimentary layers exhibit an average thickness of 5-10 meters, with some locations showing significantly thicker sedimentary deposits. Notably, the highest seismic susceptibility is recorded at point T8. The Vs values range from 185.19 to 539.49 m/s, which are inversely proportional to the Kg values and indicate soil classifications varying from soft to medium. The overall seismic risk in the study area is moderate. These results offer key insights into geophysical and geological conditions in Bengkulu City, crucial for earthquake mitigation.Kota Bengkulu merupakan cekungan sedimen vulkanik yang tebal. Gelombang seismik yang terperangkap di lapisan sedimen tebal dapat menyebabkan kerusakan parah pada bangunan saat terjadi gempa. Pemetaan kerentanan gempa dan struktur batuan di daerah penelitian perlu dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan wilayah rawa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa nilai frekuensi natural (f_0) di daerah penelitian berkisar antara 2,16-7,53 Hz, amplifikasi (A_0) berkisar antara 0,40-3,79, dan nilai kerentanan seismik (K_g) berkisar antara 0,03-6,04. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa lapisan sedimen tergolong tebal dengan ketebalan rata-rata 5-10 meter, dan terdapat batuan sedimen yang sangat tebal di beberapa tempat. Hal ini terkait dengan wilayah kota Bengkulu yang terletak di atas cekungan sedimen vulkanik. Berdasarkan nilai f_0, A_0 dan K_g diketahui nilai kerentanan gempa tertinggi terdapat di titik T8. Nilai Vs berbanding terbalik dengan nilai K_g pada pembangunan Jembatan Layang Danau Dendam Tak Sudah yang termasuk dalam klasifikasi tanah lunak, sedang hingga lunak. Nilai Vs berada pada interval 185,19 < Vs ≤ 539,49 m/s
Increased Hardness Value of Medium Manganese Steel Through Double Tempering, Hot Rolling, and Variation of Cooling Media
Full text linkResearch has been conducted to enhance the hardness value of medium manganese steel through a heat treatment. Initially, this process begins with austenization at a temperature of 900°C, followed by tempering at 650°C and double tempering at 600°C, with each stage lasting 30 minutes. Subsequently, each stage concludes with a hot rolling process, after which air or water cools the material. As a result of these processes, the hardness tests revealed an increase in the hardness of medium manganese steel, reaching up to 389.70 BHN with a tensile strength of 827 MPa, which was notably achieved through air cooling. This significant increase in hardness is attributed to the emergence of the martensite phase and the presence of a large number of carbides, which are more evenly distributed after the double-tempering process. Additionally, small amounts of carbides were observed in the austenite matrix. Upon examination of the SEM fractography results, it was revealed that the fracture was mixed, with a cleavage area slightly larger than the dimple area. This observation suggests that despite its high hardness value, the sample retains good toughness
The Synthesized-Hydroxyapatite Powder from Anadara Granosa Shells using Deposition Time Method for Biomedical Applications
Full text linkHydroxyapatite (HAp) powder, one of the biomaterials derived from natural sources, could be used in biomedical applications. In this research, the synthesized-HAp powder from Anadara Granosa shells as raw materials had a high calcium carbonate content with variations in deposition time using the precipitation method. Variations of deposition time used were 0 (S0), 24 (S24), and 48 (S48) hours. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffractions (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the chemical structure, phase analysis, and morphology of the synthesized HAp powder. FTIR results of the S0, S24, and S48 showed that the functional groups , and were formed at variations in the deposition time. The XRD results showed that the smallest of crystallite size of S48 was 26.03 nm, and the crystallinity degree of S24 was 38.74%. The grain dispersity of the synthesized-hydroxyapatite powder from SEM results were uniform, agglomeration, and spherical, irregular shape. The Ca, P, Mg, and Si compositions were shown in the synthesized-hydroxyapatite powder. The deposition time affects the synthesized-Hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder from the Anadara Granosa shell, and it is a potential raw material for biomedical applications.Serbuk hidroksiapatit (HAp), salah satu biomaterial yang berasal dari sumber alami, dapat digunakan dalam aplikasi biomedis. Pada penelitian ini serbuk HAp yang disintesis dari cangkang Anadara granosa sebagai bahan baku mempunyai kandungan kalsium karbonat yang tinggi dengan variasi waktu pengendapan menggunakan metode presipitasi. Variasi waktu pengendapan yang digunakan adalah 0 (S0), 24 (S24), dan 48 (S48) jam. Fourier Transform inframerah (FTIR), difraksi sinar-X (XRD), dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) digunakan untuk menyelidiki struktur kimia, analisis fasa, dan morfologi bubuk HAp yang disintesis. Hasil FTIR S0, S24, dan S48 menunjukkan bahwa gugus fungsi PO3-, CO2-, dan OH- terbentuk pada variasi waktu pengendapan. Hasil XRD menunjukkan ukuran kristal terkecil S48 adalah 26,03 nm, dan derajat kristalinitas S24 adalah 38,74%. Sebaran butiran serbuk hidroksiapatit hasil sintesa hasil SEM seragam, aglomerasi, dan berbentuk bola tidak beraturan. Komposisi Ca, P, Mg, dan Si ditunjukkan pada serbuk hidroksiapatit hasil sintesis. Waktu pengendapan mempengaruhi serbuk Hidroksiapatit (HAp) hasil sintesis dari cangkang Anadara granosa dan merupakan bahan baku potensial untuk aplikasi biomedis