1359 research outputs found
Sort by
L'autonomia privata nella fase esecutiva del contratto: la datio in solutum
Get PDFAnd ' well-known, to use the expression employed by an authoritative doctrine that "the
private acts much more than regulate" and face it, what's more, without worry of
classification dogmatic for their actions. Starting from this basic premise, imbued with
significant implications on the dogmatic, this description is intended to offer some
thoughts on the role of private autonomy in the execution phase of the contract.
In this light polarizing means, in particular, on the concept of private autonomy
procedural that interacts with the well-known phenomenon so-called "Liberalizing effect"
in our legal system.
Following this line, you will use a different methodological approach to clarify some
controversial issues relating to the nature and the character of the place of performance in
compliance with art. 1197 c.c.
In particular, moving from a flexible and relativistic dogmatic reconstruction of the
notion of enforcement activity in private law and the relationship between the conceptual
categories of effect, efficacy (when the second one adopts a different concept and a
different content than the first), and execution, will face, including a survey of the major
doctrinal and jurisprudential addresses three problem areas that interact with each other.
The first is structural in nature, relates to the note interpretative controversy about the
nature of the contract or consensual real performance instead of performance. The second
of functional matrix, is inherent in the nature of act capable to satisfy the creditor's
interest or not the execution of the service.
Finally, it is considered, on the floor effectual qualifications in key extinctive, or,
alternatively, the amending of the case.
To these questions we intend to answer here using the landing construction reached by
the modern doctrine in the analysis of the processes of bargaining, moving, in particular,
from the conceptual category of the so-called configurative effect.
Will face, and then, at a later time, the reflections practical application of the landing
constructive achieved. The historical evolution of the institution actually showed a
progressively increasing vitality in practical operation. So much is clear not only from the
recognition of certain offenses traditionally recurring repertoires in case law, such as, for
example, in the datio sulutum of bank checks and drafts, the bankruptcy petition in the
place of performance of the service as a means of payment abnormal, agreements on
crisis marital called translational in fulfillment of the obligation to maintain in a single
solution, and, finally, the so-called datio in solutum testamentary on which, for the sake
of brevity, we do not linger here.
It should be pointed out that in fact the issues underlying the institution denote also
considerable importance in the understanding of a situation recently introduced by the
regional planning legislation in the wake of the information provided by the Community
case-law formed the subject of expropriation.
It is, more precisely, of the so-called sale agreement in solutum of real estate and
development rights to the owner of land expropriated in a pecuniary compensation, on
which we will focus extensively in the last part of this work
Time in Nicolai Hartmann's philosophy
Get PDFThe present work is divided into two parts. The first (only in Italian) is an analysis of some texts
about time in Nicolai Hartmann's works, and especially in Möglichkeit und Wirklichkeit (1938) and
Philosophie der Natur (1950). The second part is a theoretical discussion of one of the main
problems concerning time in the contemporary philosophy (and in the philosophy of physics in
particular), i.e., the problem of the unreality of time. Some recent theses will be compared and
analyzed in the light of Hartmann's critical ontology.
The scope of Part II is to evaluate whether and how Hartmannian arguments and theses may have
a role in the present debate. In order to introduce those positions, Part I is not thought to be an
exhaustive dissertation about time in Hartmann's philosophy, but only an attempt to interpret some
aspects of his view about this issue in the wider contest of his analysis of the Realsein.
Thus, ch. 1 treats the basic notion of "category" in Hartmann's critical ontology and in particular
in the third volume of his tetralogy, Der Aufbau der realen Welt (1940). There is also a brief account
of his position about realism. Ch. 2 faces the relation between time and reality, which is defined in a
double manner, namely, as the sphere of the individual being and as the kingdom of becoming. The
latter definition depends on Hartmann's modal analysis (in Möglichkeit und Wirklichkeit) and
derives from the connection of modality with temporality. Ch. 3 consists in an exposition of the
main theses about the Realzeit (real time), exposed in Philosophie der Natur. In ch. 4 I try to make a
brief survey of some important problems in the contemporary philosophy of time. In ch. 5 I discuss
the problem of the "disappearance of spacetime", emerged in the current debate around the
theoretical results of the quantum gravity research program. I present, moreover, the objections that
Hartmann would have raised against that thesis. In ch. 6, finally, I try to do the same with the socalled
"problem of frozen time" in quantum gravity and general relativity
Protozoi ed Elminti parassiti dei molluschi cefalopodi delle acque circostanti la Sardegna. Morfologia, sistematica, epidemiologia, possibile utilizzo dei parassiti come indicatori bioecologici
Get PDFCephalopods are marine organisms which play a crucial role in the food webs of all the world oceans both as preys and predators. They are also actively exploited in many areas, with a rapid increase of their commercial value in the last decades. Despite this, the knowledge on the role of cephalopods in the host-parasite relationships is partial and frammentary, particularly in the Mediterranean Sea.
This doctoral thesis was aimed to analyze the parasite fauna of 15 species and the orders Octopoda, Sepiida, Sepiolida, Myopsida, and Oegopsida, collected during research programs from the seas surrounding Sardinia (Geographic Sub-Area 11, code: GSA11). Some of the collected octopuses and squids are of commercial interest while other have only ecological importance, and/or are very rare in western Mediterranean.
Techniques of light microscopy were mostly used for morphologic analyses and the parasites were examined as fresh mounts. Histological sections of infected organs were also examined, to find evidences of pathological effects. Furthermore, SEM microscopy for details of external morphology, and molecular tools to determine the species of Anisakis spp. third-stage larvae were used. The host-parasite complexes were also epidemiologically investigated, highlighting the relationships between levels of infections and sex, maturity, size, or geographic area of sampling.
Among protozoans, five associations between the coccidian genus Aggregata and cephalopods were observed: Aggregata octopiana in the common octopus; A. sagittata in T. sagittatus, as a new geographical record; a probably new species in Histioteuthidae, here described in detail; and two cases in A. lichtensteinii and R. macrosoma. To date, only two species of these coccidians were known in the Mediterranean Sea.
The helminth parasite fauna collected were dominated by third-stage larvae of anisakid nematodes of the species Anisakis pegreffii, A. physeteris and Lappetascaris sp. Type A (sensu Nagasawa and Moravec, 2002). With only one exception (one larva in E. cirrhosa), these roundworms were all found in Oegopsida. The same is valid for the digenean metacercariae of the family Didymozoidae, observed only in flying squids. Among Cestoda, plerocercoid larvae of Tetraphyllidea were the only harboured by octopods, even with infection indices lower than those observed in oegopsid squids. Trypanorhyncha plerocercoids of the genus Nybelinia were exclusively detected in Todarodes sagittatus.
Regarding Anisakis species is important to remark the high values of infection of these zoonotic agents observed in commercial squids as Illex coindetii, T. sagittatus and Todaropsis eblanae. These data should provide basic information in the planning of food safety related to the consumption of raw or undercooked cephalopods.
Histological observations of the lesions highlited the typical inflammatory response of molluscs to protozoan and metazoan infections, e.g. cystic encapsulation of parasites, hemocytic infiltration and distension of tissues. One interesting question deals with how the impact of such environmental biotic stressors as parasitic diseases may affect the dynamics of cephalopod populations, also since positive correlations were generally observed between prevalence and intensity of infections and the size and sexual maturity of hosts. Possible reasons include the increased feeding that occurs with growth and a change in diet with growth. Host sex-related preference were not markedly seen, although females are slightly more involved as hosts than males.
The centrality of cephalopods in the oceanic food web is strongly confirmed by their role as intermediate and paratenic hosts for anisakids, didymozoids and cestodes which exploit their mobility to reach their definitive hosts in different levels of the water column. This indicates that squids in particular are prey items of primary importance for large marine top predators as cetaceans, scombrids, and elasmobranchs rispectively.
A decrease in the abundance of parasites relatively to depth of trawl samplings was observed, excepted for that of Lappetascaris sp. Type A whose this infection index was very higher in lower bottoms. Given also the fact that the intermediate hosts of Aggregata spp. are usually benthic crustaceans, the findings of these parasites in neritic cephalopod hosts suggest that their feeding habits include a substantial component of predation in the seabed of the continental slope. Moreover, it seems to indicate that the still unknown definitive host for Lappetascaris sp. Type A may be a large demersal teleost.
Data collected allowed to evaluate the potential use of some taxa of parasites as biological indicators of ecology and biology of cephalopod hosts, particularly concerning their trophic links with predators and preys, and the variations in diet depending on size or depth. These informations may represent a contribute to an holistic and multidisciplinary approach in the study on marine biocenosis including resources which need accurate management and prediction models for exploitation
Linguaggio e ideologia nella metodica filosofica di Ferruccio Rossi-Landi
Get PDFFerruccio Rossi-Landi founds a historical-materialist semiotic on the grounds of a demystifying
criticism to both, the approaches the second Wittgenstein brought up, as well as the Linguistics as
this was posited by Saussure. While the Rossi-Landi ' s Semiotics is no doubt dwelling on Marx' s
criticism to the ideology, herewith the concept of ideology as such comes out certainly implemented
in light of Rossi-Landi ' s views, as he hinged them within the dominant linguistic Kehre taking
place in the twentieth century. In deeming the thought to a process closely related to speech, this
reassuming ideas formulated either in Saussure and in Wittgenstein, Rossi-Landi regarded the
ideology foremost as a phenomenon of linguistic nature. Drawing from a semiotic stance, thus,
Rossi-Landi addresses and successfully overcomes the theoretical weaknesses as these may come in
the critical paradigm of marxist ideology. The detractors of Marxism claim that Marxism fails when
it comes to give full account of the issue of ideology, namely, because of ignoring the “symbolic
action” as a fundamental alongside practice. Contrarily, Rossi-Landi conceives the ideology
foremost as a semiotic process, paying particular attention to the mechanisms accountig for the
production of meaning – as these are somewhat vanquished in Marxist theory - . Despite having
roots in the Marxian framework, Rossi-Landi ' s views on the ideology are original and innovative.
Regardless of some declaring Marxism almost dead, the reading of Rossi-Landi' s works enables us
to reappreciate the value of the Marxist criticisms to the ideology. Rossi-Landi comes up with a
methodology by virtue of which it is still possible to describe the reality beyond its phenomenical
appearance
Il Qualunquismo Storico. Le idee, l’organizzazione di partito, il personale politico.
Get PDFThe center of attention of this thesis is the ideas of Guglielmo Giannini and the
qualunquista movement, their conception of what was wrong, the changes they sought and
the techniques they thought desirable. The movement was born in 1945 and grew popular
during postwar years, although it quickly disappeared after 1948.
This work of mine is divided in two parts. The first one reflects on the genesis of what
we may call Qualunquismo storico (historical qualunquismo), a political movement which
claimed to represent the middle class and a large penumbra of apolitical citizens not
sufficiently dissatisfied to protest their conditions. Most of all, this is a study of political
thinking and political moods, the kind of thinking that impinged most directly upon the
ordinary citizen, the common man as it was defined by Guglielmo Giannini, father of
Qualunquismo. In this part we consider the legacy of the Second World War and the sense
of disillusion and disenchantment that it fostered, especially in right-wing thought and
opinion.!
The analysis revolves around the figure of Guglielmo Giannini and his thought as it was
expressed through the newspaper L’Uomo Qualunque, which boasted a circulation of
800.000 and became a source of guidance and opinion for a certain kind of popular
opinion. L’Uomo Qualunque claimed to represent the resentment and dreams of the meek
little men in the middle, the figure for whom Giannini was particularly solicitous. These
pages aim to study this particular movement as the harbinger of a rather broader frame of
mind, therefore it considers right wing thought and opinion in postwar Italy and
qualunquismo long-lasting legacy.
The second part focuses on qualunquismo as a political party, studying it with a political
science kind of approach. In this part I analyse the political party which was born from the
newspaper L’Uomo Qualunque, named Fronte Liberale Democratico dell’Uomo Qualunque,
using the Richard Katz and Peter Mair organisational tripartition: party in central office,
party in public office and party on the ground. This part aims to provide a thorough
analysis of the party form membership to leadership, paying particular attention to the
qualunquisti member of parliament and their biographies
La costruzione di una Vision Paysagere. Studi sull’utilizzo dell’azione fotografica come strumento di progetto di paesaggio
Get PDFThe thesis aims at exploring the relationship between the landscape project, conceived as
a discipline able to transform the material and immaterial territory, and the photographic
practice . It is an interdisciplinary research that attempts to understand the possible
interactions between the two branches of knowledge, avoiding the submission of one
over the other. It is so conceived a field of research on the design culture oriented to
determine the potential use of photography as a contribution to the conception of
space. The study highlights some key issues: Can the photography, as representation and
critical interpretation, perform a role in the process of transformation of the material
and immaterial territory? What is the influence of a practice of selective fragmentation
of the landscape on the design thinking? May a mechanism of reproduction of the
reality propose a concrete way of conceiving the space?
In order to answer these questions the research developed a methodology oriented
to the combination of two levels of study. On the one hand the creation of a broad
knowledge which examines the status of the photography in relation to the landscape,
going beyond the simple categorization of a photographic genre. On the other hand an
experimental practice of photographic action in the context of the coastal landscape
of the Sulcis-Iglesias, in Sardinia. It is an effort aimed at a critical representation of the
territory. The aim is to build a concept of vision paysagère, as a specific visual action,
which avoids the formation of stereotypes. A practice able to offer an interpretative
view on the landscape
Specific BIVA Italo-Spanish standards 2014
No full textThe database comprises anthropometric and bioelectrical data of a sample of 440 individuals (220 from Italy and 220 from Spain; 213 men and 227 women) aged 18-30 years
Automatic operational modal analysis: challenges and applications to historic structures and infrastructures
Get PDFThe core of the work turns around the capability to automate Operational Modal Analysis methods for permanent dynamic monitoring systems. In general, the application of OMA methods requires an experienced engineer in experimental dynamics and modal analysis; in addition, a lot of time is usually spent in manual analysis, necessary to ensure the best estimation of modal parameters. Those features are in contrast with permanent dynamic monitoring, which requires algorithms in order to efficiently manage the huge amount of recorded data in short time, ensuring
an acceptable quality of results. Therefore, the use of parametric identification methods, like SSI methods, are explored and some recommendations concerning its application are provided. The identification process is combined with the automatic interpretation of stabilization diagrams based on a damping ratio check and on modal complexity inspection. Finally, a clustering method for the
identified modes and a modal tracking strategy is suggested and discussed. The whole procedure is validated with a one-month and a one-year set of "manually-identified" modal parameters. This constitutes a quite unique set of validation data in the literature. Two monitoring case studies are studied: a railway iron arch bridge (1889) and a masonry bell-tower (XII century). Within this framework, classical and new strategies to handle the huge amount of recorded and identified data are proposed and compared for structural anomaly detection. The classical strategies
are mainly based on the inspection of any irreversible frequency variation. To such purpose, it is mandatory an extensive correlation study with environmental and operational factors which affect the frequency of the vibration modes. Conversely, one of the proposed strategy aims to use alternative dynamic features that are not sensitive to environmental factors, like mode shape or
modal complexity, instead of frequency parameters in order to detect any structural anomaly. In addition, a further strategy has the goal to eliminate the environmental-induced effects on frequency without the knowledge and the measurements of such factors. The procedure is mainly based on the combination of a simple regression model with the results obtained by a Principal Component
Analysis. Furthermore, two automated Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) procedures are compared for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) purposes: the first one is based on SSI methods, while the second one involves a non-parametric technique like the Frequency Domain Decomposition method
(FDD). In conclusion, a model updating strategy for historic structures using Ambient Vibration Test
and long term monitoring results is presented. The main goal is to integrate the information provided by a FE model with those continuously extracted by a dynamic monitoring system, basing so any detection of structural anomalies on the variation of the uncertain structural parameters
Graph methods in Multi Agent Systems Coordination and Social Network Analysis
Get PDFIn this thesis several results on two main topics are collected: the coordination of networked multi agents systems and the diffusion of innovation of social networks.
The results are organized in two parts, each one related with one of the two main topics.
The common aspect of all the presented problems is the following: all the system are represented by graphs.
Two are the main contributions of the first part.
• A formation control strategy, based on gossip, which leads a set of autonomous vehicles to converge to a desired spatial disposition in absence of a common reference frame. If the vehicles have common direction, we prove that the proposed algorithm is robust against noise on displacement measurement.
• \item The formalization of the Heterogeneous Multi Vehicle Routing Problem, which can be described as follows: given an heterogeneous set of mobile robots, and a set of task to be served randomly displaced in a 2D environment, find the optimal task assignment to minimize the service cost. We firstly characterize the optimal centralized solution, and then we propose two distributed algorithms, based on gossip, which lead the system to a sub-optimal solutions and are significantly computationally more efficient than the optimal one.
The contributions of the second part are the following.
• We study how the innovation spreads in a Social Network according to the so called Linear Threshold Model, in which the innovation is incepted in the network starting from a seed set, and nodes adopt the innovation if the ratio of the neighbours that have already adopted it is greater than or equal a certain threshold value. We focus on the cohesive subset of the network, which can be used to compute the set of final adopters. If a set is cohesive and none of the nodes have adopted the innovation at a certain time , then they are not able to adopt the innovation at any . We propose an algorithm based on linear programming which computes the maximal cohesive subset of the complement of the seed set.
• According to the Linear Threshold Model, we define two problem of interest in Social Networks analysis and characterize the optimal solution: the Influence Maximization Problem in Finite Time and the diffusion of innovation over a target set.
• We characterize the novel Non Progressive Linear Threshold Model, which extends the classical Linear Threshold Model. We formalize the model and we give a characterization of the network dynamics in terms of cohesive and persistent set
Vulnerability to cognitive, neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory effects of toxins that induce Parkinson's disease after administration of amphetamine-related drugs in mice
Get PDFClinical observations report a higher propensity to develop Parkinson’s disease (PD) in amphetamine users. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an amphetamine-related drug which may have neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic effects. The present study was aimed at
evaluating in mice whether administration of MDMA during adolescence might influence neurotoxicity towards dopaminergic neurons and neuroinflammatory effects of 1-methyl-4- phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a toxin known to induce PD in humans, in motor, limbic and cortical areas, and consequently affects cognitive performance.
Mice received MDMA (10 mg/kg, twice a day/a week) for 9 weeks, followed by MPTP (20 mg/kg × 4 administrations), starting 2 weeks after MDMA discontinuation. Activation of
astroglia and microglia by GFAP and CD11b immunohistochemistry in motor areas, as
substantia nigra compacta (SNc) and striatum, limbic and cortical areas, as hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), was assessed. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry in SNc and striatum was also evaluated.
Neurochemical evaluations were paired with assessment of cognitive performance by means of the novel object recognition (NOR) and spontaneous alternation in a Y-maze tests.
MPTP administration to MDMA-pretreated mice elicited a stronger increase in CD11b and GFAP levels in motor, limbic and cortical areas, and a stronger decrease of TH-positive neurons and fibers in motor areas, compared with either substance administered alone. Furthermore, NOR performance in the same group was lower, compared with mice that received either substance alone.
Results demonstrate that MDMA administration during adolescence influence negatively MPTP effects on motor, limbic and cortical areas and result in cognitive impairment