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A novel complex system approach for the determination of renewable energy sources impact on electricity infrastructures
Get PDFThe increasing environmental awareness, associated with the increasing
demand and price of fossil fuels, is leading to the implementation of novel
energy models based on renewable energy sources (RES) and sustainable
mobility. However, the actual physical and economic models on which power
system management rules are based on, are not able to properly manage the
high amount of unwanted power fluctuations introduced by RES power
generation. For such reason, major issues has been pointed out in term of
energy security and access, inspiring changes in methods and paradigms
associated to energy supply management. Moreover, the transaction towards
an emission free mobility must be based on the interaction between RES
generation and Electric Vehicles (EV) mobility, pointing out the need of a new
approach able to combine mobility and energy supply infrastructures.
In order to describe and model power systems with an high amount of RES
generation, is important to indicate that such systems are made by a great
number of microscopical interacting elements which behave in a stochastic
way. For this reason, these systems can not easily be described in a
deterministic way, but must be described by a statistical representation of the
system observables. In this thesis, a novel approach based on statistical
mechanics methods is presented, able to model the impact of such sources
over the system. By using such approach, has been possible to evaluate the
possible impact of such sources in terms of power system stability and
sustainable mobility
Le imprese artistiche di Giuseppe Verani (1773-1853) nella Corte sabauda alla luce di un manoscritto inedito ottocentesco
Get PDFThe PHD thesis is focused on the transcription and analysis of an unpublished manuscript nineteenth-century, preserved in a private collection, which recounts events about Piedmontese Giuseppe Verani, became a court painter during the long roam through Italy in the wake of Duca d'Aosta, then King Vittorio Emanuele I, in exile because of the Napoleonic invasion of Piedmont. Particular attention is devoted to the period in which the royal family stayed in Cagliari, from 1806 to 1815, much prolific abut multifaceted activities by Verani.
Educated to drawing from his father, the Turin artist Agostino Verani, Giuseppe developed a special aptitude for the landscape painting, a genre that allows him to combine an interest in landscape, so the soul of artist, with rigor topography of the scientific and technical design, assimilated through the attendance of the military environment. The views are flanked by the most varied activities, from decorations in the royal residences to designs for flags and uniforms, until the creation of the figures for the crib. These works are described in detail in the manuscript to witness the maturation of a long professional experience.
On the strength of the manuscript and of discovery of works signed by Verani we are advancing a number of attributions of decorative works made in Cagliari until now considered to Anonymous
Ruolo dei neurosteroidi nella modulazione dopaminergica
Get PDFCogent evidence shows that neurosteroids play a key role in the modulation of
dopaminergic responses in the brain. Several findings have shown that these
compounds can affect the severity of DRT- induced effects in well validated
animal models. Over the last few years, we have characterized that inhibition of
5 alpha- reductase (5AR), the key enzyme for androgen metabolism and
neurosteroid synthesis, elicts antidopaminergic effects. The 5AR inhibitor,
finasteride (FIN), is currently approved for the therapy of benign prostatic
hyperplasia and androgenic alopecia. We found that, in rodents, FIN attenuates\ud
the severity of behavioral manifestations induced by dopaminergic agents,
including deficits of sensorimotor gating as well as repetitive and compulsive
responses. Unlike other antidopaminergic agents, however, FIN does not elicit
catalepsy or other extrapyramidal side-effects.
To extend these findings, this thesis is aimed at the assessment of the role of
other key neurosteroidogenic enzymes in PPI, such as 17α-hydroxylase/C17,20
lyase (CYP17A1), 3α- and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), in
Sprague-Dawley rats and we tested the drug like FIN in a reserpinized rat
probability discounting task, a behavioral paradigm aimed at capturing critical
behavioral aspect of gambling disorder, namely the preference for large,
uncertain rewards, rather than small certain rewards
The university as a settlement principle. The territorialisation of knowledge in 1970s Italy
Get PDFThe thesis investigates the project of the city by looking at one of its main institutions, the university. If the production of knowledge is a constant element of human development the thesis argues for the possibility of considering the university – a privileged space for knowledge production since the Middle Ages – as a testing ground for new ideas of the city.
Nevertheless, for a long time the university has been accounted as a separate element from society. As such, it has crafted for itself a condition of spatial self-isolation that would allow the processes of knowledge creation and exchange to unfold unobstructed by the daily chaos of urbanity. The university could thus be defined an anti-city; a place that is in a relation of inevitable, permanent separateness from urban space; a heterotopic place for a specific, heterotopic community.
The definition of the university as a bastion of knowledge received its final condemnation when society acknowledged the momentous change that took place in the aftermath of the Second World War. Over the span of two decades between the 1960s and 1970s the elitist educational model was attacked for its unsuitability to respond to a rapidly changing social fabric. The thesis considers the response given by architecture to the need of profoundly altering knowledge institutions during the years around the student protests of 1968. That was the moment when the switch from a Fordist to a post-Fordist economy started taking place. Architecture contributed to foster such a switch through the production of an unprecedented high number of projects for new university settlements. Those settlements were conceived as a way to dismantle the closed, elitist model of the old university. Read as a phenomenon that took place on a global scale, the projects for the “New University” constituted an important episode in which architectural and urbanistic culture expressed the highest confidence in the capacity of its disciplinary means to shape social change.
In particular, the thesis reviews the plans and projects for new universities in Italy that were elaborated during the early 1970s as part of a wider attempt at reforming the university and education system of the country. Within an international context that was seeing the expansion of higher education being coped mostly through the deployment of quasi-self-sufficient university campuses set in detachment from cities the Italian projects tried to develop an original approach to the reform of higher education that was based on a refusal of the campus as a universally valid architectural type. The launch of some architectural competitions for the design of new seats for the Italian universities was seen by the architects as an opportunity to further the elaboration of an idea of the territorial city. The notion of città territorio had been central to the post-war Italian architectural debate, and the university emerged as a new topic that could give new impulse to the development of an understanding of urbanity at a large scale. The university thus appeared as a possible catalyst for large territorial transformations.
Some of the most important Italian architects took part to the competitions for new
universities. The thesis analyses the four competitions for the universities of Florence,
Cagliari, Calabria, and Salerno. Those cases are matched with some university projects
produced by Giancarlo De Carlo over the same period. The latter, together with
the critical project by Archizoom at the competition for the University of Florence,
defined a counter-voice to the formal theses proposed by architects of the likes
of Giuseppe Samonà, Vittorio Gregotti, and Carlo Aymonino. Despite the lack of
consensus as to the ways to interpret the space of the university, all those projects
are the representation of a marriage between large scale thinking about the centrality
of knowledge as engine of social transformation and its architectural and formal
dimensions.
The Italian experience of design for higher education introduced within the
international debate of those years the possibility of reading the university as
a settlement principle, that is to say, as a ground for critique, advancement, and
experimentation not only of specific ideals of teaching and research but also of a
wider idea of the city. The notion of settlement principle is here considered in its
interrelated meanings of a kick-starting element for a new condition, and of a set
of spatial rules. In short, the university is a paradigm, that is, an exemplar instance
providing criticism towards its surrounding context.
Today, even more than in the 1960s-70s, knowledge is considered to be irreducible
to unity of space, unity of time, and uniformity of the community among which it
is exchanged. In the light of the continuing interest for the project of the university
within a contemporary society that has turned knowledge into a commodity, the
relevance of the projects of the 1960s-70s and the cultural climate they contributed to
shape are today all but exhausted
Ruolo e limiti del contratto negli assetti familiari in funzione successoria
Get PDFThe Article 457 c.c. expressly excludes the contract by the sources of the succession. Moreover, the article 458 c.c., apart from the initial brief aside dedicated to the institute of the family pact, agrees nullity of the agreements with whom someone decides its own succession as well as those with which the future successor could decide about his rights or renounce to them about a succession not yet open. However, for a long time, the Italian doctrine wonders about the role of the contract within the succession law.
It feels, in fact, the need to expand the private autonomy within the inheritance that is excessively sacrificed by the prohibition of succession agreements and by the norms for the protection of legitimate heirs.
The reasons which led the legal science to these conclusions are based on different events, both social and economic, that push the interpreter to a modernization of dogmatic categories with which he can represent the succession mortis causa.
In addiction, it is necessary to underline the crisis of the agreements mortis causa due to this economical and social events: as a matter of fact, the will, as the only way to give the assets post mortem, revealed itself incomplete and extremely severe compared to the new social needs. In fact, increasingly the way to give the assets happens out of the inheritance and despite to the institutions designed by the law.
For these reasons, in order to adapt the system of succession to modern economic and social needs, the doctrine has identified, within the system, institutions of a contractual nature in order to better achieve the interests of private, obviating the limits assigned to the shop last will. And recently, in this context, our legislator has introduced the institution of the family pact (art. 768 bis et seq. c.c.), that is the agreement through “the entrepreneur transfers, in whole or in part , the company, and the holder of equity investments transfers, in whole or in part, its shares, to one or more descendants".
While, however, part of the doctrine encourages the provision of tools that enable a person to have in advance of his succession, on the other hand there are those who promote the centrality of the will within our legal system and calls for the revitalization in respect of its vast potential is not always adequately exploited.
This research aims to verify whether the contract can find importance within the phenomenon of succession for the inter vivos transfer of family assets and if the same has the characteristics to be considered a working alternative to the will. In the present work will be analyzed, in addition, some of the institutions that the doctrine has considered alternatives to the will and particularly the institution of the family pact. The survey will also be directed to the limits that the private autonomy and the legislator met in the use of the contractual instrument, limits that are mostly originated by the rules and principles of the law of succession
Studio dell’evoluzione del popolamento rurale nelle curatorie di Trexenta e Siurgus in età medievale e postmedievale: abbandoni e continuità di vita
Get PDFThe aim of this research is to investigate medieval and post-medieval settlements in a central
area of Sardinia (Italy). The Middle Ages were the principal formative period for many current rural
settlements and yet too little effort has so far been made to analyse and understand the sources,
structures, and archaeology of these places and to see them in their landscape context. Core also is
the aim to analyse how people lived in these rural areas in period AD 1200-1700 and how they used
and perceived the landscape as worked and lived space. People have modified and managed
landscapes over millennia, and the land was, arguably, a mirror of these societies. Using landscape
archaeology and historical research in union is vital to study medieval and post-medieval
settlements whether in a Sardinian or, much more widely, a European or Mediterranean context.
This study aims to use a specific case study to help open windows on the rural landscape and
population of medieval and post-medieval Sardinia.The study zone is a rural area of Sardinia that
during the Middle Ages was divided into two different regions, the so-called curatoria of Siurgus,
once situated on north-western frontier between the Kingdoms of Calari and Arborea.
Cartographic Data we collected are composed by geological map scale 1:100000, IGM scale
1:25000, CTR scale 1:10000, cadastral maps planned in 19th century scales 1:5000 and 1:2000,
UTE planned in 19th century with the same scale and ancient maps without scale definition.
Combining by GIS all these cartographic data, we found elements which are very useful to
reconstruct settlement morphology, land system and land use, parishes, boundaries, ancient
routeways, trackways, and environmental resources. To make this research we used also
orthophotos included in Sardinia official website www.sardegnageoportale.it. They have been taken
in 1954, 1977, 2000, 2003, 2006. We use also ancient aerial photographs granted by Aerofototeca
Nazionale Italiana which have been taken in 1952 and 1954. We began our study collecting and
analysing documentary sources, both published and unpublished which we found in archives.
Published documents have been completely reviewed to make sure to use all information they offer
about villages, landscape, society, economy and religion. Literary evidence and oral sources
complete the framework of information. All these elements have been examined combining all
information we have with the results of fieldwork. Extensive areas have been analysed with the
method of transepts, while more little zones have been surveyed with grids. All evidences we found
have been recorded and put in a digital archive, while distribution maps of sherds has been made by
GIS. Digital archive and GIS allow us to show an integrate analyses of settlements and landscape
through different kinds of maps
Verso il processo amministrativo digitale: le procedure telematiche nel nuovo processo amministrativo
Get PDFStudying the Italian procedure, one have to disappoint the lenght of the
administrative process. The aim of this thesis is to study one of the way to short it
and to ensure timely and efficient exercise of administrative justice, creating the
amministrative telematic process.
I review the vigent italian laws and regulations about the institution of such
process. Then I consider the status of application, the perspectives and the
develpoments.
The most important and innovative law on the topic is d.l. n. 90/2014, converted
as law L. 114/2014. It challenges the ‘Codice del Processo Amministrativo’ in a
lot of topics and we should distinguish the most relevant:
-the mailing of the legal notifications throught the system of autentication mail
called Pec, an acronym meaning ‘Posta elettronica cerificata’;
- the notifications by PEC of the acta sent by the lawers;
- to sign by digital signature the acta of the judge, of the ‘amici curiae’, of the
administravive staff and of the lawyers.
After studying the laws, the scholarship and the sentences concerning the use of
electronic and telematic instruments, I try to expose the structure, the application,
the practicse, and the effect on the administrative organization and on the process
actors.
The first chapter I discuss the following topics:
-the telematic deposit of acta and documents have just been well known in the
italian courts, but it is just a parallel practicse, and it is not the principal and
effective way of legal storage. It remains the paper based one;
- the Pec mailing is compulsory and exclusive ex art. 42 del d.l. 90/2014. The law
extends civil procedural norms to the amministrative process;
- the Adunanza Plenaria del Consiglio di Stato del 10 dicembre 2014 n. 33 had
aknowleged the PEC mailing in the administrative process;
- the laws planned procedures, not just acting: the main case is rapresented the
electronic signature of acta and documents; The second chapter I try to sum up a very controversial question: can the lawyer
during the admistrative process notify by PEC the recurse as does the lawyer
during the civil process? Different and diametrial Tribunali Amministrativi
Regionali sentences have been pronunced in the last years and in the last months:
the ones prohibited the PEC notification; the others permitted to notify by PEC.
As I can consider, the problem may be studied by two different point of view: I
try to indicate the dicotomy, adopting two categories of sentences, the formalists
and the evolutionists, in other words the courts applying a formalist method, and
an innovative one.
The ‘formalists’ dinied this way of notification by PEC, waiting to adopt this
notification only after the legislation have been completed. The ‘evolutionsts’ are
more open to this way of notification by PEC, emulating the civil law procedure.
Concluding, I have not a solution. Simply I guess that the digital, electronic and
telematic instruments will give a strong contribution to a new and easy legal system open to the citizens
Preparation and investigation of new heterostructures for prospective energetic and biomedical applications
Get PDFNanotechnologies, defined as the ensemble of disciplines aiming at manipulating matter on an atomic or molecular scale and at exploiting the corresponding properties, have recently emerged as one of the most relevant research fields due to its implications in applied science and technological applications.
Nanocrystals (NCs) with a uniformly crystalline structure and at least one dimension in the range 1÷100 nanometers, play a key role as building blocks for the assembly of innovative materials and devices for nanotechnology. A wide variety of nanocrystalline materials showing metallic, semiconducting, magnetic properties or their combinations are now available. It is well documented that nanocrystals exhibit physical properties, ranging from mechanical strength, chemical reactivity and conductivity that depend on their size and structure and differ from those of the corresponding bulk materials.
For this reason, nanocrystals are regarded as promising building blocks for the fabrication of functional materials with targeted nanotechnological application.
In particular, in semiconducting nanocrystals the formation of a set of discrete energy levels, at which the carriers can exist, results in quantum effects. Size restricts the movements of the charge carriers forcing them into a quantum confinement and is responsible for new properties. Again, magnetic materials with nanometric size may exhibit single domain structures, which reflect in unique physical properties such as superparamagnetism, enhanced coercivity, quantum tunnelling of the magnetization and giant magnetoresistance with respect to multi domain bulk magnets.
The controlled manufacture of matter at the nanoscale is considered therefore as a promising route to obtain novel materials which can be exploited in optical, electronic, photovoltaic and magnetic nanotechnological applications.
Within this framework, this PhD thesis has been focused on the design, preparation and characterization of heterostructures constituted by nanomaterials of different composition, which could be employed in two relevant areas such as energy and biomedicine.
In particular, we have addressed the preparation by chemical solution routes of heterostructures which include different domains (metal-semiconductor and metal-magnet) with the aim to develop nanocrystalline new materials with improved and combined functionalities.
A key aspect which has been taken into account is how to control the connection between the domains with different functionalities by tuning appropriate synthetic parameters of high temperature colloidal procedures and how this can be exploited to produce heterostructures with well-controlled morphology and microstructure.
In particular, metal-semiconductor heterostructures made out of platinum tips deposited at controlled sites of a chalcogenides semiconductor with a branched octapod morphology were achieved. As the semiconducting domain is able to absorb solar light whereas the noble metal tip is capable to catalyze chemical reactions, it is prospected that the developed materials, i.e. CdSe@CdS-Pt octapods, are active as solar conversion devices and photocatalysis, with particular reference to hydrogen production through optimization of the redox process behind the photocatalytic water splitting reaction. Photophysical investigation of CdSe@CdS-Pt octapods enabled us to point out the effect of heterostructure morphology-properties relationship, as it was found that two regimes for capture of photoexcited
electrons by Pt domains take place depending on the location of the metal tips onto the semiconductor octapods. When Pt is deposited at the octapod tip a slow capture takes place after energy relaxation in the semiconductor and result in large spatial separation of charges; while when Pt covers the whole octapods surface an ultrafast capture of hot electrons occurs, and charge separation happens faster than energy relaxation and Auger recombination.
As an alternative route to the fabrication of multifunctional nanostructures including different domains, the potential of high temperature polymer-mediated hydrolysis in producing magnetic clusters, which are aggregates constituted of many single crystallite approximately 10 nm in size, has been explored.
Such magnetic clusters retain the peculiar properties of the constituent nanoparticles such as superparamagnetism, while exhibiting specific features such as higher magnetization and stability which are advantageous for practical use. Here, the possibility to fine-tune the properties of the clusters by varying the composition of the primary particles has been investigated by including metal nanoparticles (Au, Ag, Pt) and through doping the iron oxide with manganese. This research has been achieved in order to perform a systematic study of the correlation between morpho-structural and magnetic and relaxometric properties, which may be employed for their potential use in biomedical field.
The development of novel magnetic doped clusters has enabled to investigate the relaxometric and heat mediator behaviour of the novel materials, in order to evaluate their potential in biomedicine as prospective novel contrast agents for detection through Magnetic Resonance Imaging and as therapeutic tools in Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia.
In addition to contributing to the understanding of the mechanisms behind the preparation of functional and multifunctional heterostructures, this thesis also aims at elucidating the structure-properties relationship at the nanoscale in materials with highly controlled compositional and morphological features. To this end, extensive morphological and structural characterization was carried out by a multi technique approach including in particular X-Ray diffraction, conventional and advanced transmission electron microscopy techniques, X-Ray absorption spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering.
The research work is presented according to the following thesis outline:
- Chapter 1 deals with a short review on theoretical background, synthetic approaches and physical and chemical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals and magnetic nanocrystals. An overview on application of semiconductor and magnetic nanocrystals in two relevant fields such as energy and biomedicine, respectively, is also provided.
- Chapter 2 reports on the design and applications of nanometric metal-semiconductor heterostructures. Here we will discuss in detail the formation of CdSe@CdS-Pt nanocrystal hybrid materials, obtained by synthesizing Pt metal nanoparticles onto preformed CdSe@CdS octapod semiconductor obtained by the seeded growth approach. We will present the physico-chemical properties of the developed heterostructures, as obtained by a systematic structural and morphological characterization. The optical properties of these new materials, performed by ultrafast optical spectroscopy in collaboration with Prof. Michele Saba at the Department of Physics of the University of Cagliari, will also be presented and correlated to the dynamics of charges carriers of the nanocrystals, which can in turn be used to predict their prospective use in photocatalysis.
- Chapter 3 describes the synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoclusters heterostructures based on iron oxide which were in part developed under the supervision of Dr. Antonios Kanaras during a research visit at the University of Southampton (UK). Here, a discussion on the hydrolysis approach adopted in order to produce doped magnetic
nanoclusters based on iron oxide, i.e. noble metal M-Fe3O4 (M= Au, Ag, Pt) and MnxFe3-xO4 which may used as heat mediators on hyperthermia treatment cancer and as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging is reported. In these samples, the morpho-structural data were correlated to their magnetic and relaxometric behaviour, which was investigated through SQUID magnetometry and diffusion curves in collaboration with Dr. Teresa Pellegrino and coworkers at the Italian Institute of Technology (IIT, Genova).
Finally, conclusive remarks and future developments arising from this work are discussed
Studio sui calamari Loligo vulgaris (Lamarck, 1798) e Loligo forbesii (Steenstrup, 1856) delle acque della Sardegna
Get PDFThis thesis aims to deepening knowledge on the biology and ecology of the two squids Loligo vulgaris (Lamarck, 1798) and Loligo forbesii (Steenstrup, 1856) from Sardinian waters. Considering their socio- economic importance in the Sardinian fisheries, the annual fluctuations in abundance highlighted the possibility of set management measures for their rational exploitation on the base of the knowledge of their life cycle Even if their different preferential bathymetric range, the study of the reproductive process through macroscopic histological and gravimetric analysis of the reproductive systems showed similarities between the two squids both in morphology of the gonads and in the pattern of reproduction. They are similar because they show an extended period of sexual maturity; they have an intermittent spawning with intermediate characteristics between coastal and deep spawning. In particular specific results on the reproductive output of L.vulgaris, showed a potential fecundity of about 4000 eggs (size 0.30-3 mm) and 436 spermatophores (size 7.25-17.37 mm) according to the few studies so far carried out on the species. The reading of the age from the eye lens, tested here for the first time on cephalopods decapods, has allowed to estimate for both species a life cycle of about 18-20 months. For both squids were also performed morphometric analysis of the beaks and calculated specific correlations with the animal size. Considering the taxonomic value of the beak such information may be helpful in studies on diets of predators of these species
Applicazione delle chiavi età lunghezza allo stock assessment per l'identificazione di linee gestionali idonee alla tutela di alcuni raidi mediterranei
Get PDFElasmobranchs, due to their K-selected life strategy, represent a taxonomic group particularly susceptible to fishing mortality (Cahmi et al., 1998).
Although the increasing number of studies that shows a global collapse of their populations (Dulvy & Reynolds, 2002; Baum et al., 2003; Cortés, et al., 2002, 2006; Dulvy et al., 2010), our knowledge about this organisms life-cycle seems surprisingly still scarce (Frisk et al., 2010; Cortés et al., 2012). Among elasmobranchs the Rajidae family is generally identified as one of the most vulnerable and impacted (Dulvy & Reynolds, 2002). Given the wide-ranging decline in terms of abundance, diversity and distribution observed, the skates stocks appear even in more critical condition in the Mediterranean sea (Walker et al., 2005).
For this reason the need for management plans seems clear. However this kind of measures necessitate a precise evaluation of the population‟s condition, through a stock assessment process. Nevertheless such analysis require a huge amount of data regarding some peculiar aspects of the studied species life-cycle, and among these, especially growth parameters. This necessity often represented a problem for stock assessment studies. Indeed the estimation of age and growth for elasmobranchs is considered generally more challenging than in teleosts (Campana, 2014).
Therefore the first step of this work was represented by the estimation of age and growth, through annuli counts in the vertebral centra of the three selected skates species: Raja brachyura, Raja polystigma, Dipturus oxyrinchus. Four different models were applied on length at age data: the common von Bertalanffy growth function, the Exponential, and finally the Gompertz and the Logistic functions. According to the Akaike‟s Information Criterion, the classical von Bertalanffy growth function, showed the best fitting to the observed data for R. brachyura (L∞= 1113.4 mm, k= 0.10 e t0 = -1.19). On the other hand the growth of the other two species resulted better described by the S-shaped functions, respectively the Gompertz model for D. oxyrinchus (L∞= 1275.5 mm, k= 0.14 and
2
Inflection Point = 3.97), and the Logistic model for R. polystigma (L∞= 691.49 mm, k= 0.26 and Inflection Point = 4.03).
The obtained growth parameter were employed in several analysis for stock assessment. Those analysis revealed a general high exploitation level for Sardinian skates populations. Indeed both species R. brachyura and R. polystigma seemed to be in an overfishing condition. These results, in addition with what already reported for other two raids, R. asterias and R . clavata, in the GFCM workshop on the stock assessment of selected species of elasmobranchs (GFCM:SAC14/ 2012/Inf.16) confirmed the critical situation of these organisms in the Mediterranean sea. D. oxyrinchus, instead, showed a healthy stock state not subjected to overexploitation. This result was also confirmed by the biomass and abundance trends, which proved to be stable for the entire time period investigated by MEDITS, in agreement with what reported by Follesa et al. (2013) in Sardinia and Relini et al. (2010) for the Italian coasts.
In conclusion, this work represents a first step towards a better understanding of the growth and the life cycle of the Rajidae family in the Mediterranean Sea, these knowledge were then applied to the stock assessment of these organisms in order to provide several advices for a conscious and correct management of their fragile populations