Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering
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Pengaruh Konsentrasi Aktivator Asam Fosfat (H3PO4) pada Pembuatan Karbon Aktif dari Sabut Kelapa terhadap Adsorpsi Logam Kromium
Get PDFAbstrak. Kromium merupakan salah satu logam berat berbahaya yang terkandung dalam air limbah industri. Hal ini dapat dikurangi dengan berbagai metode, seperti adsorpsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginisialisasi karbon aktif dari sabut kelapa dengan berbagai konsentrasi aktivator asam fosfat (H3PO4) (0,1M; 0,5M; 1M; 1,5M; 2M) dan variasi waktu kontak (30; 60; 90 ; 120; 150; 180 menit) untuk mendapatkan kapasitas adsorpsi krom yang optimum. Analisis karbon sabut kelapa aktif dengan SAA diperoleh luas permukaan 53,39 m2/g. Larutan kalium kromat (K2CrO4) diadsorpsi oleh adsorben kemudian dianalisis dengan Spektrofotometer UV-VIS untuk mengukur kandungan kromium. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa adsorpsi kromium oleh karbon aktif sabut kelapa semakin meningkat dari waktu ke waktu hingga mencapai kondisi optimum. Peningkatan kapasitas adsorpsi berbanding lurus dengan semakin pekatnya aktivator asam fosfat. Kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum yang diperoleh adalah 3.464 mg/g dan kondisi optimum pada waktu kontak 150 menit dengan konsentrasi aktivator asam fosfat 2M. Abstract. Chromium is one of the hazardous heavy metal contained in the industrial wastewater. It can be reduced by various methods, such as adsorption. The purpose of this study was initialized an activated carbon from coconut fiber by various phosphoric acid (H3PO4) activator concentration (0,1M; 0,5M; 1M; 1,5M; 2M) and variation of contact time (30; 60; 90; 120; 150; 180 minutes) to obtain optimum adsorption capacity of chromium. Analysis of the activated coconut fiber carbon by SAA obtained a surface area of 53,39 m2/g. The potassium chromate (K2CrO4) solution was adsorbed by the adsorbent and then analyzed by a UV-VIS Spectrophotometer to measure the chromium content. This study proved that chromium adsorption by activated coconut fiber carbon was increased by the time until reaching optimum condition. Enhancement of adsorption capacity was directly proportional as the more concentrated phosphoric acid activator. Maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 3,464 mg/g and the optimum condition was at contact time of 150 minutes with the phosphoric acid activator concentration of 2M
Karakteristik Kesetimbangan Adsorpsi Uap Air Film terbuat dari Karboksi Metil Glukomanan-Karagenan dengan Penambahan Gliserol
Get PDFAbstrak. Plastik sebagai bahan pengemas mempunyai berbagai kelebihan namun tidak dipungkiri telah menyebabkan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan. Berbagai upaya untuk mengatasi pencemaran tersebut dan salah satunya adalah usaha menggantikan plastic dengan bahan yang ramah lingkungan. Edible film banyak diformulasikan dari berbagai bahan yang biodegradable. Polimer alam berbasis karbohidrat banyak dilirik sebagai sumber pembuatan film karena jumlahnya yang melimpah. Glukomanan merupakan polisakarida yang terdapat dalam umbi porang. Untuk pembuatan edible film, glukomanan dimodifikasi memjadi karboksi metIl glukomanan sebelum dicampur dengan karagenan. Sejumlah gliserol ditambahkan sebagai plastisizer. Pengamatan terhadap kesetimbangan adsorpsi uap air dilakukan dengan metode gravimetri pada kisaran kelembaban relatif 6,1 – 97%. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa film dengan konsentrasi gliserol yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan nilai kesetimbangan kandungan uap air yang lebih tinggi. Model kesetimbangan adsorpsi uap air yaitu persamaan Oswin digunakan untuk menggambarkan perilaku penyerapan air. Abstract. Various efforts have done to overcome the enviromental pollution and one of them is to replace plastic with environmentally friendly materials. Glucomannan is a polysaccharide found in porang tubers that can be a source for biodegradable edible film.. For the production of edible film, glucomannan was modified into carboxy methyl glucomannan before it was mixed with carrageenan. Glycerol was added as a plasticizer. The film was made by casting method. Gliserol was added to a mixed solution of carboxy methyl and carrageenan and then poured onto a mold before drying in an electrical oven. Observation of the equilibrium adsorption equilibrium was carried out by gravimetric method for different level of water activity (0.06 – 0.97) and temperature (30, 40 and 50 oC). The results showed that film with higher glycerol concentrations showed higher equilibrium moisture content. The equilibrium adsorption model, the Oswin equation, is used to describe the water absorption behavior with average error at 20,947 – 75,271%. Keywords: Carboxymethyl glucomannan-carrageenan film, water vapor equilibrium, Oswin equation
Fabrication of Bioplastic from Rice Straw
Get PDFAbstract. Oil based plastics have been proven as severe pollutants for the environments as they required years to be degraded. Thus, bioplastics are very attractive as the solution of this problem as they easier to be degraded in soil. This work was aimed to fabricate bioplastics from rice straw, with addition of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and glycerol. Prior to the bioplastic fabrication, cellulose was extracted from rice straw through digestion process using ethanol solution (50% w/w) and sodium hydroxide solution (8% w/w) as catalyst. Digestion process was held for 60 minutes at temperature of 120 oC. Bioplastics were produced by blending dried pulp, carboxymethyl cellulose, and glycerol. Five grams of dried cellulose was dissolved in 100 ml of water. The amount of CMC and glycerol added to the pulp solution were varied from 1 ml to 2 ml and 0.5 to 1.5 grams, respectively. Swelling test (both in water and oil) and biodegradability test were conducted to study the performance of the bioplastics. Results showed that bioplactic dissolved easily in water. During oil swelling test, it showed that higher glycerol content increases the oil proof characteristic of the bioplastic. Meanwhile, the CMC content has no impact during the oil swelling test. The best composition of the bioplastic was achieved with the CMC and glycerol contents of 1.382% (w/w) and 1,843% (w/w), respectively, with the lowest oil swelling test result of 55%. Biodegradability of the bioplactics were lower in higher CMC and glycerol contents. The best composition with maximum weight reduction of the bioplastics was achieved by the bioplastic with 0.469% (w/w) of CMC content and 0.939% (w/w) of glycerol.Keywords: Bioplastic, Rice Straw, CMC, Glycerol, Swelling, Biodegradabilit
Training of Electric Bike Assembly with Lithium Batteries at SMK Muhammadiyah 6 Karanganyar
Get PDFWith the increasing development of the battery and electric vehicle industry, student's and teacher's understanding of lithium batteries and skills in assembling electric bikes are very important in competing for jobs in these fields. Educational activities regarding batteries and training on assembling electric bike are carried out at SMK Muhammadiyah 6 Karanganyar, because there were no facilities that support the learning and teaching process about electric vehicles and batteries. The method used in this training is lecture, discussion and practice method. The material presented was about the technology of making lithium batteries and electric bike components. While practical activities include the stages of converting conventional bikes into electric bikes with energy from lithium batteries. This activity shows that participants can understand batteries and can apply batteries to electric vehicles, especially electric bikes
Pengaruh Perendaman Asam Nitrat pada Pemrosesan Nasi Instan untuk Menurunkan Indeks Glikemik
Get PDFAbstrak. Nasi merupakan makanan utama bagi kebanyakan orang di Indonesia. Memasak nasi membutuhkan waktu sekitar 40-50 menit. Nasi instan merupakan solusi untuk menanak nasi dalam waktu yang relatif singkat melalui proses precooking dan pengeringan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat nasi instan dengan indeks glikemik rendah agar dapat dikonsumsi oleh penderita diabetes melitus. Cara pembuatan nasi instan ini adalah dengan cara merendam - memasak - membekukan - mengeringkannya. Beras direndam menggunakan larutan Na-sitrat 2 - 7% pada suhu 50°C, selama 2 jam. Perbandingan beras dengan larutan perendaman adalah 1: 2. Nasi yang sudah dimasak dibekukan di dalam freezer pada suhu -4°C selama 24 jam. Beras yang telah dicairkan dengan proses thawing menggunakan air hangat pada suhu 60°C. Beras kemudian dipanaskan pada suhu 70°C selama 4-5 jam. Nasi instan siap diseduh (dihidrasi kembali) menggunakan air mendidih. Waktu rehidrasi beras instan mencapai 5,49 menit. Hasil pengujian indeks glikemik menunjukkan nilai indeks glikemik instan sebesar 51,69 dengan kandungan nutrisi yang tidak berubah secara signifikan seperti beras asli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembuatan nasi instan dengan perendaman-masak beku-kering dapat menurunkan indeks glikemik. Abstract. Rice is the main food for most people in Indonesia. Cooking rice takes about 40-50 minutes. Instant rice is a solution for cooking rice in a relatively short time through a process of precooking and drying. The purpose of this study is to make instant rice with a low glycemic index so that it can be consumed by people with diabetes mellitus. The method used in making this instant rice is soak - cook - freeze - dry it. The rice is soaked using 2 - 7% Na-citrate solution at 50°C, for 2 hours. The ratio of rice with a soaking solution is 1: 2. Rice is needed up to pH 7 then accepted using ricecookerz. Cooked rice is frozen in the freezer at -4°C for 24 hours. Rice which has been liquefied by thawing process uses warm water at 60°C. Rice is then heated at 70°C for 4-5 hours. Instant rice is ready to be brewed (rehydrated) using boiling water. Instant rice rehydration time reaches 5.49 minutes. The glycemic index test results showed an instant glycemic index value of 51.69 with a nutrient content that did not change significantly like the original rice. The results show that making instant rice vy soaking-cookingfreezing -drying can reduce the glycemic index. Keywords: quick cooking rice, rehydration time, glycemic inde
Lilin Aromaterapi dari Minyak Atsiri Kulit Jeruk Manis (Citrus sinensis)
Get PDFAbstrak. Kulit jeruk manis saat ini hanya menjadi sampah yang belum banyak termanfaatkan. Ada senyawa kimia minyak atsiri bernilai ekonomi tinggi pada kulit jeruk yang disebut limonene yang memiliki aroma segar yang khas. Minyak atsiri Limonene diekstrak dari kulit jeruk kemudian diaplikasikan sebagai lilin aromaterapi. Pengambilan minyak atsiri menggunakan destilasi uap cair selama 3 jam. Setelah itu, minyak esensial ditambahkan ke lilin aromaterapi dan asam stearat. Volume minyak atsiri hasil destilasi pada penelitian ini adalah 2,3 mL dengan berat 1,957 gram dari 200 gram kulit jeruk. Penambahan minyak atsiri sebanyak 3 mL untuk sampel 1 dan 5 mL untuk sampel 2. Lilin aromaterapi telah diuji lama nyala api dan penerimaan produk di masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kandungan Minyak Atsiri Limonene semakin lama durasi nyala api dan semakin tinggi penerimaannya di masyarakat. Abstract. Sweet orange peel is a waste. There is a high economic valued chemical compound of essential oil called limonene which has a distinctive fresh aroma. Essential oil of Limonene was extracted from orange peel then will be applied as aromatherapy candles. The taking of essential oils is using distillation of liquid vapor for 3 hours. After that, the essential oil is added to aromatherapy wax and stearic acid. The volume of essential oil extracted from distillation in this study is 2,3 mL with weight 1.957 grams from 200 grams of orange peel. The addition of essential oil is 3 mL for sample 1 and 5 mL for sample 2.. The aromatherapy candles had tested for flame duration and product acceptance in the community. The result showed that the higher the content of Essential oil of Limonene the longer the flame duration and the higher the acceptance in the community. Keyword : sweet orange peel, essential oil of Limonene, extraction, distillation, aromatherapy candle
Spons dari Tepung Glukomanan dengan Penambahan Charcoal
Get PDFAbstrak. Telah dilakukan pembuatan spons dengan bahan dasar tepung glukomanan dengan penambahan charcoal. Pada percobaan ini dipelajari pengaruh dua jenis larutan alkali yaitu larutan Na2CO3 dan larutan NaOH terhadap karakteristik spons yang dihasilkan. Spons dibuat dengan cara melarutkan tepung glukomanan dalam air yang dilanjutkan dengan membusakan larutan dengan penambahan Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLS) bersama-sama dengan penambahan charcoal. Larutan basa ditambahkan untuk membentuk gel basah. Spon kering diperoleh setelah proses thawing dan pengeringan dengan sinar matahari.Karakterisasi spons dilakukan dengan melihat rongga menggunakan mikroskop kamera serta menganalisis daya serap air, daya ekspansi spon basah serta nilai iod teradsorpsi. Spons yang dihasilkan mempunyai rongga dengan ukuran antara 0,1 mm sampai 0,25 mm. Spons dengan daya serap air dan daya ekspansi tinggi diperoleh pada penambahan larutan NaOH, massa charcoal yang ditambahkan sebesar 1gram serta ukuran charcoal +50-60 mesh. Sedangkan spons yang dihasilkan apabila menggunakan alkali berupa Na2CO3 dengan massa charcoal yang ditambahkan sebesar 0,5gram serta ukuran charcoal +60-70 mesh diperoleh diameter rata-rata rongga spons dan nilai iod teradsorpsi yang tinggi. Abstract. A sponge was made with a basic ingredient of glucomannan with the addition of charcoal. In this experiment, the effect of two types of alkaline solution i.e., Na2CO3 and NaOH, either the size and the amount of charcoal, were studied on the sponge's characteristics. The sponge was made by dissolving glucomannan flour in water. This step was followed by mixing the solution with Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLS) and charcoal. The alkaline solution was added to form a wet gel. The dry sponge was obtained after thawing and sun drying. The sponge's characterization was done by observing the foam cavity using a camera microscope and analyzing water absorption, sponge expansion, and iodine adsorption. The sponge has cavities with a size between 0.1 mm to 0.25 mm. Sponges with water absorption and high expansion were obtained by adding NaOH solution, one gram of charcoal and the size of charcoal -50+60 mesh. Sponge produced using Na2CO3 with 0.5 gram charcoal with size - 60+70 mesh has a high diameter cavity and a high adsorbed iodine value. Keywords: glucomannan sponge, alkaline solution, charcoa
Komposit ZnO-CuO Hasil Sintesis Dengan Metode Elektrokimia Sebagai Katalis Fotodegradasi Methyl Orange
Get PDFAbstrak. Semikonduktor oksida logam adalah salah satu jenis nanokomposit yang digunakan untuk rangkaian mikroelektronik, perangkat piezoelektrik, sel bahan bakar, sensor, katalis, pelapis permukaan untuk mencegah korosi, dan sel surya. ZnOCuO adalah jenis komposit semikonduktor oksida logam. Kombinasi kedua logam tersebut dapat menghasilkan komposit yang dapat digunakan sebagai katalisator dan zat antibakteri. Metode fotodegradasi adalah pengolahan zat warna tekstil yang memecah zat warna organik menjadi senyawa yang lebih sederhana. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keefektifan komposit ZnO-CuO yang digunakan sebagai katalisator dalam proses fotodegradasi jingga metil. Metode yang digunakan dalam sintesis komposit ZnO-CuO adalah metode elektrokimia dengan menggunakan larutan elektrolit asam asetat. Pada penelitian ini digunakan asam asetat dengan konsentrasi 0,15 dan 0,3 M. Komposit yang dihasilkan dianalisis menggunakan analisis XRF, XRD dan FTIR. Komposit digunakan sebagai katalis fotodegradasi jingga metil dengan variasi waktu yang berbeda 0 sampai 150 menit. Absorbansi larutan degradasi diukur dengan Spektrofotometer UV VIS. Efektivitas yang dihasilkan dari komposit dengan konsentrasi asam asetat 0,3 M sebesar 21,69%, sedangkan efektivitas yang dihasilkan dari komposit dengan konsentrasi 0,15 M sebesar 16,58%. Katalis yang dihasilkan pada konsentrasi asam asetat 0,3 M lebih efektif daripada katalis yang diproduksi pada konsentrasi asam asetat 0,15 M. Abstract. Metal oxide semiconductors are one type of nanocomposites used for microelectronic circuits, piezoelectric devices, fuel cells, sensors, catalysts, surface coatings to prevent corrosion, and solar cells. ZnOCuO is a type of metal oxide semiconductor composite. The combination of these two metals can produce a composite that can be used for catalysts and antibacterial substances. Photodegradation method is a textile dyestuff treatment which breaks down organic dyes into simpler compounds. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effectiveness of ZnO-CuO composites used as catalysts in the methyl orange photodegradation process. The method used in the synthesis of ZnO-CuO composites is an electrochemical method using an acetic acid electrolyte solution. In this study, acetic acid was used with the concentration of 0.15 and 0.3 M. The resulting composites were analyzed using XRF, XRD and FTIR analysis. The composites are used as methyl orange photodegradation catalysts with different time variations 0 to 150 minutes. The absorbance of the degradation solution was measured by UV VIS Spectrophotometer. The effectiveness produced from the composites with concentrations of 0.3 M acetic acid was 21.69%, while the effectiveness produced from the composites with concentrations of 0.15 M was 16.58%. Catalysts produced at concentrations of 0.3 M acetic acid are more effective than catalysts produced at concentrations of 0.15 M acetic acid. Keywords: electrosynthesis, ZnO-CuO composite, photodegradation, methyl orange, textile dye
Review: Hidrolisis Lignoselulosa dari Agricultural Waste Sebagai Optimasi Produksi Fermentable Sugar
Get PDFAbstrak. Agricultural waste adalah limbah yang dihasilkan dari sektor pertanian, seperti limbah jerami, ampas tebu, dan pelepah sawit. Limbah pertanian tersebut mengandung lignoselulosa. Lignoselulosa adalah komponen yang terdiri atas selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin. Adanya kandungan selulosa dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi berbagai produk, namun kandungan lignin dan hemiselulosa dapat menghambat proses hidrolisis lignoselulosa. Selulosa memiliki banyak kegunaan seperti bahan baku propelan atau bahan peledak, serta turunan dari alfa-selulosa dapat diproses menjadi produksi bioetanol, asam glutamat, biosolvent alkohol, dll. Metode hidrolisis lignoselulosa sangat mempengaruhi kadar fermentable sugar yang dihasilkan. Upaya penelitian telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan hidrolisis lignoselulosa. Pretreatment bahan untuk menghilangkan lignin dan hemiselulosa serta optimasi enzim xilanase dan selulase secara signifikan meningkatkan kemampuan hidrolisis lignoselulosa. Sakarifikasi dan hidrolisis simultan efektif meningkatkan hasil dan laju hidrolisis lignoselulosa. Sehingga perlu pendekatan lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui efektifitas berbagai metode yang digunakan dalam melakukan optimasi pemecahan rantai lignoselulosa. Fokus pada review paper ini adalah metode yang dapat digunakan dalam hidrolisis lignoselulosa agricultural waste sebagai optimasi produksi fermentable sugar, diantaranya: metode pretreatment, delignifikasi, hidrolisis dan sakarifikasi. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengolahan lanjut dari fermentable sugar. Abstract. Agricultural waste are produced from the agricultural sector, such as straw waste, bagasse, and palm fronds. Agricultural waste contains lignocellulose. Lignocellulose is a component consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The content of cellulose can be used in various products, but the content of lignin and hemicellulose can inhibit the hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Cellulose has many uses such as propellant or explosive raw materials, and derivatives of alpha-cellulose can be processed into the production of bioethanol, glutamic acid, and biosolvent alcohol. The lignocellulose hydrolysis method greatly affects the levels of fermentable sugar produced. Research have been made to increase the hydrolysis of lignocellulose. In this paper, several methods can be used to increase the yield of fermentable sugar through the hydrolysis of lignocellulose, including pretreatment, delignification, hydrolysis, and saccharification methods. Pretreatment using 2% alkaline, thermal delignification, hydrolysis using xylanase and cellulase enzymes together can significantly increase the ability of lignocellulose hydrolysis to obtain optimal fermentable sugar yield. Simultaneous saccharification and hydrolysis are effective in increasing yield and product formation rate. Keywords: Agricultural Waste, Lignocellulose, Cellulose, Pretreatment, Delignification, Saccharification, Hydrolysis, Xylanase, Cellulase, Fermentable Suga
Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih Sebagai Bahan Aktif Antibakteri Dalam Gel Hand Sanitizer Non-Alkohol
Get PDFAbstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari efektivitas ekstrak daun sirih sebagai pengganti bahan aktif antibakteri pada hand sanitizer. Ekstrak daun sirih diperoleh dengan cara maserasi daun sirih selama 3x24 jam dalam larutan alkohol 70%. Kadar alkohol pada ekstrak daun sirih hasil maserasi diuapkan dalam vacuum evaporator (T = 60oC) hingga volume ekstrak yang tersisa sekitar 15%. Ekstrak ini digunakan sebagai bahan antibakteri aktif dalam pembuatan gel pembersih tangan. Bahan kimia dasar pembuatan gel seperti karbomer (zat pembentuk gel), propilen glikol (penstabil), gliserin, nipagin dan trietanolamina / TEA (zat alkali) dicampur dan diaduk dalam air suling (sekitar 85 ml) dengan komposisi 0,3 g, 4 ml, 3 ml, 0,02 g dan 0,2 ml, masing-masing. Volume ekstrak yang ditambahkan ke dalam gel divariasikan 8, 10, dan 12 ml. Terakhir, volume hand sanitizer ditambahkan aquades untuk mengatur volumenya 100 ml. Efektivitas dan kualitas hand sanitizer ini dianalisis senyawa aktifnya, keasaman gel (pH), organoleptik, daya hambat pertumbuhan bakteri, dan dispersi gel. Staphylococcus aureus dipilih sebagai bakteri yang diuji karena ditemukan di tangan. Kehadiran saponin, tanin, dan flavonoid terdeteksi secara kualitatif di dalam produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak daun sirih 12 ml (sampel III) memiliki kinerja terbaik pada kisaran konsentrasi ekstrak yang diteliti (8-12 ml). Sampel III memiliki keasaman (pH) dan zona hambat masing-masing sekitar 5 dan 9,78 mm2. Area hambat ini lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan hand sanitizer komersial yang memiliki luas 2,98 mm2. Namun, daya sebar hand sanitizer ini sedikit lebih rendah dibandingkan hand sanitizer komersial (sekitar 167% dan 180%). Uji organoleptik menggambarkan bahwa produk ini dapat diterima di masyarakat karena tidak mengiritasi dalam pemakaian. Produk ini lebih aman sebagai hand sanitizer dibandingkan produk sejenis yang menggunakan alkohol sebagai bahan aktifnya. Abstract. This research aims to study the effectiveness of betel leaf extract as a substitute for antibacterial active ingredients in hand sanitizer. Betel leaf extract is obtained by maceration of betel leaves for 3x24 hours in 70% alcohol solution. The alcohol content in the betel leaf extract from maceration was evaporated in the vacuum evaporator (T = 60oC) until the remaining extract volume was around 15%. This extract is used as an active antibacterial ingredient in making hand sanitizer gel. The basic chemicals of making gels such as carbomer (gelling agent), propylene glycol (stabilizer), glycerin, nipagin and triethanolamine / TEA (alkalizing agent) are mixed and stirred in distilled water (about 85 ml) with compositions of 0.3 g, 4 ml, 3 ml, 0.02 g and 0,2 ml, respectively. The volume of extract added in the gel was varied 8, 10, and 12 ml. Finally, the volume of hand sanitizer was added distilled water to adjust its volume 100 ml. The effectiveness and quality of this hand sanitizer were analyzed its active compounds, gel acidity (pH), organoleptic, the inhibitory ability of bacterial growth, and gel dispersion. Staphylococcus aureus was chosen as the bacteria tested because it found in the hands. The presence of saponin, tannins, and flavonoids is detected qualitatively in the product. The results showed that adding 12 ml extract of betel leaf (sample III) has the best performance in the studied range of extract concentration (8-12 ml). Sample III has the acidity (pH) and the inhibitory zone about 5 and 9.78 mm2, respectively. This inhibitory area is higher than that of the commercial hand sanitizer, which has an area of 2.98 mm2. However, the spreadability of this hand sanitizer is slightly lower than that of the commercial one (about 167% and 180%). Organoleptic tests depict that this product is acceptable in the community because it does not irritate in use. This product is safer as hand sanitizer than the similar products that use alcohol as an active ingredient.Keywords : betel leaf, antibacterial, hand sanitizer, Staphylococcus aureu