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India’s Position in Global AI Diplomacy: Is Global Collaboration the Key to AI Governance?
No full text37-4
Applications of oxidative and reductive methodologies on coumarinyl ketones
No full text441-446The higher degree of chemoselctivitiy and regioselectivity
recorded during the selenium dioxide oxidation of various
coumarinyl ketones 1-7 affords the corresponding coumarinyl
α-di carbonyl compounds 1a-7a and 5b in which the compound
2a has been isolated as an unexpected product and also the
sodium borohydride reduction of coumarinyl ketones 1-14 affords
the desired coumarinyl carbinols 1c-3c, 5c, 7c-9c, 11c and 13c
and 5-keto-6-hydroxy-cinnamic acid derivatives 4d, 6d, 10d, 12d
and 14d as unexpected products in minor amounts
Indian classical Mohana Raga (instrumental music) overcomes anxiety, depression and memory impairment in chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model –A behavioural study
No full text319-328Stress is a reaction to possibly threatening stimuli. Chronic stress leads to oxidative stress and damage to the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, leading to anxiety disorders, depression, changes in synaptic plasticity, decreased neurogenesis, increased neurodegeneration, and impaired learning and memory. Music triggers emotional and cognitive aspects that help improve cognitive functions. Music therapy reduces anxiety, improves mood, and generates calming effects. The effect of Mohana Raga on human mental health is an interesting area of study, as Indian classical music, particularly ragas, is believed to have therapeutic potential. While there is limited specific research on Mohana Raga alone, there are studies and scholarly works that explore the general effects of Indian ragas, including Mohana, on mental health, emotional well-being, and psychological states. Also, listening to the raga Bhupali (Mohana) improved learning and memory. Animals were exposed to a chronic, unpredictable mild stress protocol for 28 days, followed by exposure to Indian classical music for 1 hour for 21 days, starting from the last week of the stress protocol. Post-treatment, the animals were subjected to an elevated plus maze, sucrose preference test, forced swim test, novel object recognition test, and T-maze alteration task for behavioural analysis. Animals exposed to chronic, unpredictable mild stress showed increased anxiety-like behaviour, anhedonia, behavioural despair, and impaired recognition and working memory. Remarkably, in stressed animals exposed to Indian classical music for one hour per day for 3 weeks, there was a complete recovery in anxiety, depression, and memory. In conclusion, our study posits that a short duration of music exposure is beneficial for chronic stress conditions
Non-Linear Behaviour of Thermally Deposited Silver Oxide Thin Films
No full text409-415Silver oxide thin films were synthesized on a glass substrate using a thermal evaporation technique at room temperature,
followed by post-annealing in a vacuum furnace at 150 °C for 30 minutes. The synthesized thin films were characterized for
structural, morphological, and nonlinear optical properties. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the deposited films were
cubic with a cuprite crystal structure. Morphology of the deposited thin films was studied using field emission scanning
electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The optical limiting behaviour of the thin films was investigated using a resonant laser
wavelength. These films were also experimentally investigated using a Fabry-Perot interferometer for their optical bistable
nature. The prepared thin films showed optical limiting behavior at laser wavelengths of 632 nm
Efficient degradation and mineralization of 4-nitrophenol achieved through innovative saponite-based Al-Ti pillared clay catalyst
No full text203-210Pillared clay catalysts are emerging as heterogeneous catalysts for degrading refractory organic pollutants. The present study
modified saponite clay using aluminium and saponite metal cations to synthesize Al-Ti pillared clay catalyst (Al-Ti PICC). It is
subsequently used to study the degradation and mineralization of 4-nitrophenol. The synthesized Al-Ti saponite clay catalyst is
characterized using XRD, BET isotherm, SEM, XRF, and thermo-gravimetric analysis. XRD, BET, XRD, and SEM
characterization of Al-Ti PICC results indicate higher surface area (74 m2/g), d-spacing (17 Å), porous and fluffy surface
compared to saponite clay. The thermo-gravimetric study reveals a lower decomposition of Al-Ti PICC (5.7%) than saponite
clay (38.7%). The parameters affecting the degradation and mineralization of 4-nitrophenol, such as H2O2 dosage, catalyst dose,
and temperature, were optimized. At optimized conditions: 20 mM H2O2, 3 g/L of synthesized Al-Ti PICC, and 70℃ at 5.7 pH
83.5% mineralization (Total organic carbon removal) with 95.6% degradation of 4-nitrophenol, was achieved after 240 min of
reaction time. The TOC removal data was further used to study the reaction kinetics using the lumped kinetic model (LKM). It
was observed that the data described well the LKM model for the mineralization of 4-nitrophenol
Enhanced Helmet Detection in Surveillance Systems with YOLOv6 for Accident Prevention and Safety Compliance
No full text601-613Helmet detection is an essential aspect of achieving safety compliance and preventing accidents in dangerous situations
like road traffic and construction sites. Safety compliance and prevention of accidents of high risk environments such as
construction sites and traffic intersections is dependent on ensuring helmet usage. Yet, real time performance and accuracy
of such systems, especially earlier versions of YOLO (e.g. YOLOv3, YOLOv5) face challenges in handling scenarios with
occlusions, varying lightening conditions, and diverse helmets. The limitations of the above approaches are addressed in this
paper by proposing a robust helmet detection framework based on the YOLOv6 architecture with proper transfers from
synthetic to real-world surveillance. BiFPN performs advanced feature fusion to facilitate the detection of the helmet, the
advanced composite loss uses CIoU and Focal Loss to improve localization and class balance, and introduces the concept of
the novel post processing module—Helmet Geometry Validator (HGV)—that validates the detections using geometric shape
feature to reduce the false positive from similar objects such as water bottle. Training and evaluation was performed on a
diverse dataset of multiple environments. Additionally, the proposed model surpassed the baselines in terms of YOLOv3
and YOLOv4 as well as Faster R-CNN with precision of 89%, recall of 85%, F1-score of 87% and real time inference at
20 FPS. These results confer the viability of this proposed system and its promise of effectiveness for deployment in
dynamic safety critical environments as well as provide a scalable, accurate and visual solution to automated helmet
detection and compliance monitoring
Synthesis, structural characterization and pesticidal studies of lanthanide complexes with tridentate Schiff base ligands
No full text500-506Tridentate Schiff base ligands 2-acetamido propanoic acid isonicotinoyl hydrazone (L1H2) and 2-acetamido acetic acid
isonicotinoyl hydrazone (L2H2) and their Ln(III) metal complexes have been synthesized. Eight mononuclear lanthanide
complexes of the type [Ln(L1)(L1H)].3H2O have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis (CHNO),
magnetic susceptibility, electronic and spectral studies. Ligands and lanthanide complexes of the type LnCl3.6H2O (where
Ln = La, Pr, Nd and Sm) react in 2:1 stoichiometric ratio. Electronic spectra indicate that there is slight covalent character in
the bonding between metal and ligand. Magnetic moment values show that all metal complexes are paramagnetic except the
La(III) complexes. The effect of Ln(III) complexes with selected ligand(L1H2) have been tested for pesticidal activity on
Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura. As compared to the ligand, the complexes are found to have increased
pesticidal activity
An analytical case study of Bengal style terracotta temples in Maluti temple village in Dumka District of Jharkhand, India
No full text500-510A unique temple village exists in Dumka district of Jharkhand, known as Maluti, which is renowned for existence of 72 terracotta temples dating back to the 17th-18th centuries exhibiting the distinctive Bengali styles of temple design. Once numbering 108, there was gradual decay and loss of about one-third of the temples. This paper provides a comprehensive case study of the temples of Maluti. The objectives of this paper are to examine historical roots, religious practices, and cultural significance of these temples; explore their architectural aspects, including layouts, designs, ornamentation, structural and seismic characteristics; assess the challenges the temples face due to weathering and erosion; and suggest measures for tourism development at Maluti. Despite extreme abundace, no academic research has ever been done on the terracotta temples of Maluti. This is a first-of its kind research on the temples undertaken from an architectural perspectiveinvolving primary survey. The paper also relies on secondary sources of information. It offers profound insights into the fusion of architectural styles and artistic expressions and the richness of the culture of Bengal, and specific recommendations for enhancing tourism so that the world can see these architectural treasures and their enduring contribution to Bengal's cultural landscape, which shall not only garner economic momentum in this largely unknown village, but also enable preservation of these temples for generations to come