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Removal of lead ions from aqueous solution using potassium hydroxide modified natural adsorbents
No full text254-260As time progresses, a combination of human activities and natural occurrences releases contaminants, specifically heavy
metals. These contaminants enter into water bodies, posing a threat to aquatic ecosystems and emphasizing the importance of
implementing effective measures for pollution control and water quality preservation. This makes it necessary to treat water to
reduce the negative impacts of toxic heavy metals in water and supply pure water for domestic and environmental use. Thus, the
increased release of heavy metals like lead into the environment due to rapid industrialization has raised severe global concerns.
This study aims to remove lead ions from water using a low-cost bio adsorbent. The present study examined the utilization of
groundnut shells, tamarind pod shells, rubber seed shells, and pistachio shells as lead adsorbents. The adsorption efficiency is
examined in relation to adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, and initial concentration, and the most efficient adsorption parameters
are identified. In addition, adsorption mechanism, thermodynamics parameters and kinetic modeling are carried out to clarify
the mechanism of adsorption. Isometric models, namely, Langmuir and Freundlich, are used to characterize the adsorption
process, with better correlation to the Langmuir model. Kinetic observations indicated that adsorption in similar manner with
transition of pseudo-second-order model and thermodynamic analysis confirmed the nature of spontaneous exothermic and
spontaneous endothermic adsorption reaction. The pistachio shell emerged as the most effective of the four examined
adsorbents, displaying the highest adsorption capacity of 88.9% at an adsorbent dosage of 1.2 g/L. This result underscores the
superior performance of pistachio shells, positioning it as the optimal choice among the tested adsorbents
Effect of system parameters on phase holdups for an inverse fluidized bed
No full text246-253Phase holdups for an inverse fluidized bed (IFB) have been studied using low density polypropylene (PP) particles for
different system parameters viz. superficial gas velocities (Ug), ratio of bed volume to liquid (reactor) volume (Vb/Vr), and
liquid recirculation velocities (Ulr). Gas phase holdup (g) is found to increase with increase in Ug for all Vb/Vr ratios with
and without liquid recirculation. Without liquid recirculation, g decreased with increase in Vb/Vr ratio upto a certain Vb/Vr
ratio for all Ug values and then increases with further increase in Vb/Vr ratios. While with liquid recirculation, g is found to
be higher than the case of without liquid recirculation. Liquid phase holdup (l) and solid phase holdup (s) are both found to
decrease with increase in Ug for all Vb/Vr ratios with and without liquid recirculation. Regression analysis based
mathematical correlations are developed to predict g for different Ug, Vb/Vr, and Ulr values. Average absolute percent
deviations of the developed correlations are found to be 7.90 and 7.39 which are less compared to the data available in the
literature. Thus this study on phase holdups gives a clear insight providing a basis for the design of a three phase
IFB reactor
Nickel(II) complexes with mixed ligands: Synthesis, WORM memory applications, and potential biological applications as anticancer and antifungal agents
No full text528-541Six novel nickel(II) complexes have been synthesized using Nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate, ortho-phenanthroline
(o-phen), or 2,2ʹ-bipyridine (bipy) and 1-cyano-1-carboethoxyethylene-2,2-dithiolate (CED2-) ligands in various
stoichiometric ratios, showing good solubility across organic solvents. Weight loss experiments suggest water of
crystallization, and molar conductance studies indicated electrolytic behavior for some complexes. UV-visible absorption
spectra has confirmed octahedral coordination around Ni(II), and fluorescence studies show excitation-dependent
emissions. IR has confirmed structural details, and current-voltage (I-V) measurements have demonstrated resistive
switching behavior in memory devices, with compounds exhibiting write-once-read-many (WORM) characteristics.
Cytotoxicity studies show noteworthy activity against the A-549 lung cancer cell line, especially for compounds 1, 4, and 6.
Antifungal assays have revealed notable activity against certain fungi, enhanced by the metal-ligand interaction increasing
lipophilicity. These findings highlight the potential of the complexes in memory devices, anticancer treatments, and
antifungal applications
Theoretical investigation of 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC)
No full text512-518Density Functional Theory (DFT) is used to evaluate the performance of dyes and the role of π-conjugation in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This study examines five new 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid based conjugated donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) organic dyes. Each dye features a triphenylamine (TPA) group as the electron donor, while a nitro or cyano group serves as the electron acceptor. Methyl or ethyl groups are used as π-conjugated spacers to investigate the effects of different auxiliary donor groups. DFT calculations with the B3LYP functional and polarized split-valence 6-311+G(d,p) basis sets have been performed to assess excitation energies, absorption spectra, and emission spectra of eachdye. The Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM) has been applied to analyze solvent effects. The energy levels of the LUMOand HOMO have been calculated to evaluate their suitability for electron injection and dye regeneration. The HOMO-LUMO gap calculations align well with spectral data. Additionally, the light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), electron injectionfree energy (ΔGinject), and oscillator strength (f) have been computed and discussed. The study also includes calculations ofopen-circuit photovoltage (Voc) and electron coupling constant (VRP) for the examined dye-sensitizers
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Fraud Detection: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Mapping of Research Trends and Directions
No full text138-150This study presents a bibliographic analysis of emerging trends in applying artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to the detection and prevention of financial fraud and provides insights for future research. Bibliographic analysis on fraud data analysis helps researchers gain insight on research trends, research impact, and classification. Bibliometric analysis on fraud data analytics is helpful to researchers in getting insights on research trends, research impact and classification. However, research on fraud data analytics using machine learning is limited. The main objective of this quantitative analysis is to explore emerging trends in fraud data analytics and machine learning (ML) for financial crime detection and prevention. Bibliometric data has been collected from the Scopus database. One thousand four hundred eighty-three documents from the SCOPUS database have been analysed using VOSviewer. The data analysis divulges a growing interest in leveraging these technologies to strengthen financial crime detection. Fraud data analytics, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are vital in identifying complex criminal patterns, strengthening companies in preventive vigilance, and ensuring fraud elimination. The study portrays the need for vigorous frameworks for the legislature, real-time analytics systems and more powerful tools and calls for integrating governments, financial institutions, and technology providers to strengthen prevention strategies and tackle financial crimes more effectively
The Landscape of LIS Education in India: Insights and Recommendations for the Future
No full text125-137This paper examines the current landscape of (LIS) Library and Information Science education in India, focusing on the program structures of Library Science in state and central universities, the types of courses offered, and the faculty strength. It also assesses the availability and clarity of information on university websites, regarding LIS programs. This study is based on data collected from the websites of state and central universities, LIS education in India. A comprehensive analysis of data was collected from the (LIS) Library and Information Science department’s websites. The complete list of state and central universities was taken from (UGC) University Grant commission’s website. Based on the findings, the paper provides several recommendations to improve the quality and relevance of LIS programs in India. The recommendations include clarifying faculty positions, enhancing the availability and accuracy of program information, and addressing identified gaps in the educational framework. By addressing these issues, the paper aims to contribute to the advancement of (LIS) Library and Information Science education in India, ensuring that future professionals are well-prepared to meet the evolving demands of the information landscape
Bougainvillea, Bonsai and Bliss! Bougainvillea Festival and a Bonsai Workshop organised by CSIR-NBRI
No full text50-5
Possible Solution for the Gauge Hierarchy Problem and Vacuum Catastrophe
No full text467-478The two important problems, namely the 'gauge hierarchy problem' or 'fine-tuning problem,' and the problem of the
'vacuum catastrophe' or the 'cosmological constant problem,' pose significant challenges to our deeper understanding of both
micro and macro-level energy systems. The methods of renormalization and supersymmetry (SUSY) are applied in both
cases, either to fine-tune or to theoretically cancel out the energy. In this paper, we propose that, in reality, no energy gets
cancelled out, contrary to SUSY, but instead remains unchanged. We demonstrate mathematically that the energy of a
quantum state remains in a particular state to maintain its full potential, thus remaining undetected.
Following a dynamics of the fundamental quantum energy state, referred to as the "Like Potential Energy" (LPE)
dynamics, we explain the nature of this undetectable quantum state. We have discovered that by keeping the area of the
quantum phase space constant while increasing the energy of the Quantum Harmonic Oscillator (QHO), we may reach a
situation where the vibration becomes extremely high, resulting in a high energy level in the QHO. However, the Quantum
Oscillatory Energy (QOE) remains unmanifested, having no discernible impact on its surroundings.
As a result, we have developed a new wave equation and a tensor using the LPE dynamics
Clinical relevance of CD70-CD27 axis in tumor microenvironment of patients with colorectal cancer
No full text503-510Immune checkpoint molecules like CD70 provide a better knowledge of the tumor microenvironment. Some of the B and
T lymphocytes express CD70 and it has a co-stimulatory factor on immune cells. When CD27 binds to its ligand (CD70),
tumor cells can avoid detection by the immune system. We aimed to analyze the expression profiles of CD70, CD27, CD3,
and FOXP3 molecules in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer patients and the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating
lymphocytes. We also investigated if soluble CD27 has any predictive diagnostic value for tracking cancer. A western blot
wet transfer technique was used to examine the expression profile. ELISA was used to determine the amount of soluble
CD27 protein in the patient's sera. CD70 expression was found to be low (15.15%) in tumoral tissue, whereas CD27 was
abundant (84.80%). Tumoral tissues had high recruitment of CD3+ lymphocytes (81,80%) and FOXP3+ Tregs (48.50%).
According to our findings, the level of sCD27 in patient's serum was high (P<0.0001), and there clear correlations between
high sCD27 serum levels with CD70 positive and CD27 negativity in tumoral tissues. Distant organ metastases were found
to be significantly correlated with high sCD27 serum levels (P=0.05). Dysregulation of the CD70-CD27 axis within the
tumor and its microenvironment is associated with tumor progression and immunosuppression. Tightly controlled
expression of CD70 and CD27 plays a role in co-stimulation in immune responses