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Investigation of stud bolts with incorporated fiber bragg grating sensors for real-time flange bolt integrity monitoring
Full text linkThis paper introduces an innovative method that uses a stud bolt in conjunction with a Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor. The current layout makes it easier to measure strain caused by bolt tightening and helps find possible damage caused by too much pressure or load on the flange. This project aims at measuring the axial strain and deflection of M18 stud bolts on a typical flange for pipe connections. This will be accomplished by utilising multiplexed Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors embedded into the bolts. The flange was subsequently exposed to several point loadings, applied directly in a vertical orientation. The results indicate that an increase in the magnitude of the point load on the flange structure, coupled with a higher tightening torque, results in reduced stress fluctuations on the bolt. The flange structure will be stiff enough to keep stress levels stable at each bolt when the torque is high. This will eliminate the chance of damage during repeated loading conditions
Exploring the association between personality traits and leadership: A systematic literature review
Full text linkUnderstanding personality-related factors that influencing leadership is crucial for guiding stakeholders toward achieving long-term organizational goals, as leadership effectiveness is demonstrably shaped by individual dispositions impacting decision-making, interpersonal dynamics, and motivation. Although the association between personality traits and leadership has been extensively examined across diverse contexts, systematic reviews synthesizing recent empirical evidence remain relatively insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to systematically explore how diverse personality frameworks relate to leadership outcomes by reviewing literature published between 2019 and 2024. Utilizing predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, a systematic review identified, selected, and rigorously analyzed 22 peer-reviewed articles sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The findings consistently reveal significant associations between all five Big Five traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) and leadership, with extraversion exhibiting a strong positive correlation and neuroticism demonstrating a prominent negative correlation. Furthermore, traits from alternative models, specifically honesty-humility from the HEXACO framework and enterprising characteristics from the RIASEC model, were also identified as positive contributors to leadership development. These results emphasize the critical importance of integrating insights from multiple personality theories to gain a more detailed and comprehensive understanding of leadership functioning across different organizational and cultural settings. Beyond its theoretical implications, this review offers valuable, evidence-based insights for educators designing leadership syllabuses, organizational consultants developing talent management programs, and policymakers formulating strategies to cultivate leadership pathways. By identifying robust and consistent personality predictors of leadership, this study contributes meaningfully to the expanding literature focused on enhancing leadership capacity at individual and organizational levels, thereby supporting more effective and sustainable goal achievement
Synergistic Integration of Modular Four-Channel 50 kW WPT System: Enhancing Fast EV Charging and PMSM Drive Integration
Full text linkThis paper presents an innovative approach to electric vehicle (EV) charging and propulsion system integration through the development of a Modular Four-Channel 50 kW Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) System with Decoupled Coil Design. The system architecture is designed to facilitate rapid charging of EV batteries while also enabling a seamless transition to a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive application post-charging. The decoupled coil design ensures efficient power transfer while minimizing electromagnetic interference. Leveraging this integrated solution, the charging process is optimized for speed and reliability, enhancing the EV user experience. Furthermore, the seamless transition to the PMSM drive application allows for immediate utilization of the charged EV battery for propulsion, ensuring maximum efficiency and functionality. The system delivers 50 kW power with 97% DC-to-DC efficiency over a 200 mm airgap and demonstrates balanced tolerance to misalignment. MATLAB/simulation validation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed system in achieving fast EV charging and smooth integration with the PMSM drive application, thereby offering a promising solution for future electric vehicle technology advancement
Unsteady-state dynamics and AI in membrane desalination: challenges and emerging opportunities
No full textMembrane desalination is a pivotal technology for addressing global water scarcity, yet most studies focus on steady-state operation. Unsteady and cyclic processes remain comparatively underexplored, although they are central to advancing recovery, fouling resistance, and operational flexibility. This review synthesizes over 100 publications (2015–2025) covering reverse osmosis (RO) configurations such as closed-circuit RO (CCRO), batch RO (BRO), flow-reversal RO (FRRO) and emerging hybrids, as well as flow in MD, FO, ED and PRO. Quantitative comparisons reveal that CCRO can reach up to 98 % recovery but suffers from flushing inefficiency with ∼11 % residual brine per cycle; BRO reduces energy consumption by ∼30 % under brackish water treatment at 95 % recovery; and FRRO retrofits have lowered specific energy consumption by ∼14 % while enabling recoveries of 90–91 %. Beyond mechanistic modeling, the review highlights the integration of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and machine learning (ML), including explainable AI (e.g., SHAP), reinforcement learning, and physics-informed neural operators, which have demonstrated up to 16 % operating cost reduction and > 100 % membrane life extension in industrial-scale RO. We identify three critical gaps: (i) flushing inefficiency and cycle-to-cycle salt accumulation, (ii) limited pilot-scale and long-term datasets for unsteady operations, and (iii) challenges in integrating CFD with AI frameworks. By bridging mechanistic and data-driven approaches, this review outlines opportunities to develop digital twin frameworks for resilient, efficient, and intelligent unsteady desalinatio
Neutrosophic prediction of consumer decisions using the RBF neural network method
No full textThe utilization of neutrosophic concept to forecast patron purchase conduct has been thoroughly tested in preceding research using various fashions. This study examines the number one elements affecting clients' selections to shop for mobile phones, dividing them into 4 separate ranges consistent with their purchasing behaviours. The tiers, from the first to the fourth layer, characterize exclusive ranges of customer hobby and participation. The main intention is to create an efficient neutrosophic predictive version that examines purchaser conduct thru pertinent traits that signify their opportunity of buying. We utilize the Neutrosophic Radial Basis Function (NRBF) model for neutrosophic class to do that. The results indicate a minimal blunders fee and improved neutrosophic category accuracy, mainly in contrast to the BIC version, which exhibited lower accuracy. NRBF exhibited a sturdy location below the curve (AUC) rating, underscoring the model's efficacy. These findings provide big insights into consumer preferences and decision-making methods, enhancing procedures for market analysis and cantered advertising initiatives
Mixed convection boundary layer flow over a horizontal circular cylinder in a Williamson hybrid ferrofluid with viscous dissipation effect
Full text linkThis research paper focuses on the flow of Williamson hybrid ferrofluid on mixed convection boundary layer flow via a horizontal circular cylinder. The mathematical model discussed reflect to the investigation of flow characteristics and the heat transfer capabilities of a hybrid ferrofluid. The problem starts with a system of partial differential equations which govern the problem together with suitable initial and boundary conditions. In addition, this problem also considered the presence of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect and viscous dissipation. The dimensional governing equations together with its initial and boundary conditions are converted into dimensionless governing equations by using the proper dimensionless variables. The Keller-box technique is used to solve the partial differential equation numerically where these equations are generated from the modification of the dimensionless governing equation and non-similarity transformation. Various pertinent parameters are acquired and discussed in this research. The results showed that the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number have increased because of the ferrofluid’s increased nanoparticle volume. The Williamson hybrid ferrofluid performed better than Williamson ferrofluid in terms of heat transfer capacity with high friction between the fluid and the cylinder surface
Advancements in earthquake research and seismic risk analysis: An in-depth review centered on Malaysia
Full text linkThis paper provides an in-depth review of recent advancements in earthquake and seismic risk analysis research, specifically focusing on Malaysia. It highlights the need for a deep understanding of seismic risks to create better hazard preparedness and mitigation strategies. Using a systematic literature review method, the paper brings together a wide range of recent studies, modern methods, and key findings. It identifies major knowledge gaps and suggests new directions for future research. Additionally, this paper covers cutting-edge seismic monitoring technologies, advanced fault analysis techniques, and comprehensive seismic hazard assessment models to provide a thorough understanding of Malaysia's complex seismic landscape. It also addresses the economic implications of seismic events, emphasizing the significance of earthquake preparedness. Moreover, the study underscores the need for greater collaboration among scholars, policymakers, and practitioners from various sectors. It advocates for the development of integrated frameworks and policies to address the identified gaps and translate research insights into practical solutions. The conclusion calls for a united effort to boost Malaysia's resilience to seismic hazards through continuous innovation, shared expertise, and strategic policymaking. This thorough analysis not only aims to deepen the scientific understanding of seismic risks in Malaysia but also to inspire effective policies and build a community ready to tackle future seismic threats. By closing knowledge gaps and enhancing teamwork, this study helps pave the way for a more secure and prepared Malaysia
Research trend on technology applications in social funding activities: A bibliometric analysis
Full text linkThis study presents a bibliometric analysis of the evolving landscape of technology applications in social funding activities. It examined the interconnection of worldwide research activities using data obtained using VOSviewer software, which emphasizes the important role of technology in promoting social financing projects. The study was based on a network of bibliographic couplings with nodes indicating countries contributing to the subject and edges and the degree of research linkages between these countries. The results reflect a vibrant and dynamic research community with the United States, United Kingdom, China, and Canada emerging as important sites of innovation and cooperation. These nations have considerable bibliographic coupling, which suggests many related references and research interests. The network depicts the amount of research output and the complex patterns of international cooperation, with the United States being positioned as a prominent influencer owing to its wide connections and a central node in the network. The trend of technology applications in social financing is defined by various digital platforms, crowdfunding techniques, and financial technologies that redefine how social initiatives are financed and handled. The bibliometric map emphasizes the crucial role of technology in increasing the efficiency, reach, and effect of social financing across sectors and countries. Finally, this study offers a detailed review of the present status and development in technology applications within social financing and insights into the main actors and collaborative networks moving this sector ahead. It lays the groundwork for future research and development initiatives targeted at utilizing technology for social benefit
Evaluation of aggregate-cement paste Interface: Effects of aggregate characteristics on acid attack and permeability of concrete
No full textThis investigation systematically evaluates the influence of aggregate type (basalt, white limestone, and brown limestone) and nominal size (10, 14, and 20 mm) on the characteristics of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and the durability of plain concrete, specifically its acid resistance and water permeability. The experimental program involved a comprehensive characterization approach. Aggregate surface roughness was quantified using a surface profilometer. The ITZ's microstructural and mechanical properties were analyzed via SEM, XRD, and direct tensile testing. Durability was assessed by evaluating acid resistance—determined by mass and compressive strength loss after 30-day immersion in 5 % H2SO4—and water permeability, measured in accordance with BS EN 12390–8:2019. The findings revealed that fractured aggregate surfaces significantly enhanced bond strength over sawn counterparts. A key mechanistic insight is that the nature of roughness, not just its magnitude, governs performance: naturally fractured aggregates are significantly rougher, with basalt's texture defined by high peaks (promoting mechanical interlocking) and limestone's by deep valleys. Basalt's chemical reactivity further improved the ITZ by consuming portlandite to create a denser, stronger interface, whereas limestone produced a more porous ITZ with unhydrated phases. Consequently, concrete incorporating basalt demonstrated superior acid resistance, with the least strength degradation and lowest permeability. White limestone performed moderately, while brown limestone showed the poorest resistance. Water penetration results aligned with these observations, confirming basalt concrete as the least permeable. For all aggregate types, using smaller sizes effectively mitigated acid damage and reduced permeability. The study underscores basalt's suitability for acidic environments due to its reactivity and ITZ refinement, stressing that aggregate selection and size are critical for designing durable concrete in corrosive conditions
Robotics in Education
Full text linkThis book investigates robotics’ role in transforming STEM education through critical thinking and interdisciplinary skill development. Spanning six chapters, it examines robotics’ ability to enhance technical and collaborative skills while addressing challenges such as resource accessibility and curriculum integration. Core programming concepts, including control systems, algorithm design, and debugging, are elaborated upon using tools like Python and ROS.
Practical guidance encompasses the design of mechanical and electrical systems, the integration of sensors (e.g., ultrasonic, IMUs), and their application in real-world scenarios. Projects advance from basic movement programming to sophisticated AI-driven tasks such as autonomous navigation and object recognition. The AI section discusses machine learning, path-planning algorithms (e.g., A* search, SLAM), and classroom case studies.
Subsequent chapters examine new trends such as VR, IoT, and data-driven assessment alongside robotics's global influence in education and career readiness strategies. Aimed at educators and students, this book combines theoretical frameworks with practical insights to prepare learners for technological progress