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Hydrogen production from wastewater: technology readiness, economic and environmental assessment, and scale-up challenges with mitigation strategies
No full textHydrogen production from wastewater can help meet the increasing demand for clean energy. This review shows that the amount of hydrogen produced varies depending on the kind of wastewater. It also points out that industrial streams have a higher potential than municipal or home sources. Studies show that producing hydrogen from wastewater can cost at least three times more than conventional methods. Electricity emissions significantly impact life cycle assessment (LCA) results, whereas stack cost and degradation prevail in techno-economic analysis (TEA) analysis. Wastewater-based hydrogen production technologies range from proof-of-concept to near-industrial readiness, with Aqueous Phase Reforming (APR) and Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) being the most advanced but still facing scale-up challenges. Finally, we offer policy suggestions and outlooks for integrating wastewater into hydrogen energy systems
Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in various citrus peels: a significant systematic review
Full text linkCitrus peels, traditionally considered byproducts in fruit processing, have garnered increasing attention due to their bioactive compounds and antioxidant characteristics. This systematic literature review aims to comprehensively evaluate and consolidate existing research on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties found in various citrus peel varieties. Citrus fruits, particularly their peels, have emerged as substantial repositories of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolics, and essential oils. Nevertheless, the fragmented nature of existing research on various citrus species, cultivars, and extraction methods underscores the need for a systematic approach. This is essential to provide a cohesive understanding of the inherent bioactive profiles and antioxidant capabilities present within these peels. Employing the Pre-Recording Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) approach, this study executed a systematic search using academic strategies on Scopus and Web of Science databases to identify and select pertinent studies. Advanced search strategies utilizing keywords (1) citrus peel and (2) antioxidant was employed. A rigorous evaluation of methodological and analytical procedures was undertaken, and data were systematically collected for analysis, resulting in a final dataset of studies. This systematic review covered three key themes: (1) Citrus Fruit and Peel Utilization for Health and Nutrition, (2) Anticancer Properties and Chemical Composition of Citrus Products, and (3) Citrus By-Products and Waste Utilization. The review reveals substantial variability in bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities across different citrus peels. This review offers a comprehensive examination of each study's methodology and findings. Ultimately, the findings emphasize the importance of citrus peels as abundant sources of bioactive compounds and antioxidants, with far-reaching implications for nutrition, health, and biotechnological applications. While providing a comprehensive overview of the diverse bioactive profiles in different citrus peels, this review also advocates for further research to unlock their full potential and encourage sustainable practices in the food industry
Investigation of deep learning model for vehicle classification
Full text linkThe usage of automobiles in cities and metropolitan areas has increased drastically throughout the years and there is a need to monitor the flow of road traffic to improve the traffic congestion and safety. One of the best ways to monitor the traffic is using an artificial intelligence and machine learning. An automatic vehicle tracking system based on artificial intelligence and machine learning can offers capability to analyse the real-time traffic video data for the purpose of traffic surveillance. The computer vision is one of the subsets in machine learning that can train the computer to understand the visual data and perform specific tasks such as object detection and classification. A Vision-based system can be proposed to detect road accidents, predict traffic congestion and further road traffic analytics. This can improve the safety in transportation where it can recognize types of vehicles on the road, detecting road accidents, predicting the traffic congestion and further road traffic analytics. In the context of road traffic monitoring, the parameters of the traffic such as the type and number of vehicles that passes through must be recorded in order to gain valuable insights and make prediction such as the occurrence of traffic congestion. However, this requires reliable informative and accurate data as input for analytics. Therefore, in this research the deep learning model for vehicle classification is investigated to detect, classify types of vehicles and further predictive analytics. The vehicle classification is proposed based on Single Shot Detector (SSD) architecture model. The proposed model is tested on five different classes of vehicles with a total of 1263 images. Experimental results show that SSD model able to achieve 0.721 of precision, 0.741 of recall and 0.731 of F1 Score. Finally, the result show that the SSD model is more accurate among all the models for all the performance measure with the difference of more than 0.052 of precision, 0.706 of recall and 0.05 of F1 Score
Progress, risks and impacts of the evolution of autonomous vehicles
Full text linkIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in autonomous driving due to the potential to alleviate the responsibilities of drivers and enhance driving safety. A lot of technological advancements and progress have been observed to develop and facilitate the operation of autonomous vehicles. However, the rapid evolution of autonomous vehicles presents a complex and multifaceted set of challenges and opportunities that require in-depth analysis. This review article critically examines the progress made in the development of autonomous vehicle technology, delineates the associated risks, and investigates the multifaceted impacts on society, the economy, and the environment. The article commences by outlining the achievements made in autonomous vehicle technology, incorporating developments in sensor technology, artificial intelligence, and vehicle-to-everything communication for its regular operation, object detection, and prediction mechanism. Additionally, it explores the various levels of automation, from driver assistance systems to fully autonomous vehicles, and the technical challenges encountered at each stage. Moreover, it discusses concerns related to safety, cybersecurity, ethical considerations, and the potential displacement of traditional transportation jobs which need to be overcome by continuous research in this field. In addition to the technological and safety aspects, this review explores the broader societal and environmental impacts of autonomous vehicles. Furthermore, it examines the potential benefits, such as reduced traffic congestion, improved road safety, and enhanced accessibility for individuals with mobility challenges. Conversely, it also considers the environmental consequences and the need for sustainable autonomous mobility solutions
Efficient screening of biopolymers for tablet dosage form using the mixture screening design to enhance probiotic viability and gastric resistance
Full text linkIt is widely acknowledged that probiotics are beneficial for health, but harsh gastric conditions can destroy them. This condition highlights the need for protective delivery mechanisms in the stomach. Probiotics must be protected from the harsh gastric environment and provided with the right delivery mechanism for maximum effectiveness. This study aimed to identify significant biopolymer excipients that can be used to produce acid-resistant probiotic tablets using the mixture screening design. In this study, six biopolymers, namely, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), pectin, carbopol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), alginate, and xanthan were screened at different ratios to evaluate their effects on probiotic viability and tablet disintegration time in simulated gastric/intestinal fluids. A 21-run design with three replicates was implemented using a mixture screening approach. Statistical analysis showed that CMC, HPMC, and alginate have significantly improved the viability and dissolution time of the tablets in the gastric environment. These polymers were selected for further optimisation studies to develop protective probiotic tablets. The mixture screening design allowed the efficient screening of polymer combinations to identify key excipients for maximising viability and gastric resistance
Contributing factors of safety culture in the education sector: A systematic review
Full text linkThe practices of safety culture at industrial sectors are common but it rarely discusses in education sector. The safety culture is aim to reduce the potential of accident as well as lowering the reoccurrence of accidents. Moreover, the study on the contributing factor to form a safety culture in the education sector or learning institutions is still lacking. The objective of study is to investigate the trends of safety culture studies and its contributing factors in the education sector in year 2019 to 2023.A systematic literature review (SLR) study was conducted by applying a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) review method has identified 17 articles on safety culture from two main databases (Science Direct and Scopus). One theme with 15 subthemes have been developed by using thematic analysis. The study found the behaviour has greatest contributing factor to form a positive safety culture was behaviour dimension (87%) followed by psychological (6.5%) and situational (6.5%). The study also found the safety training, safety awareness, safety awareness, safety knowledge, safety commitment and safety communication from behaviour dimension were the top five contributing factors to create a positive safety culture in elementary school, public and private university. In conclusion, systematic review study hopefully could increase awareness among top management level in education sector, government and policymakers in creating a safe learning environment to students
Influence of different polyether sulfone substrate of thin-film composite forward osmosis membrane on neodymium rejection
No full textTechnology to treat rare earth element (REE) upstream and midstream wastewater especially acid mine drainage (AMD) is urged to be developed as it was proven current circular economy practice in downstream processes is environmentally unfriendly. This study applied forward osmosis (FO) to treat synthetic AMD containing neodymium (Nd) by using a thin-film composite (TFC) membrane as it is cheaper compared to other membrane technologies that require external pressure. Non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) was used to fabricate porous substrate prepared from different polyether sulfone (PES) concentrations (13 wt%, 15 wt%, 17 wt%,19 wt%) and 10 wt% PVP. Then, interfacial polymerization (IP) was done on the substrate for crosslinking of polyamide (PA) thin-film active layer. Intrinsic parameters of the fabricated TFC membranes were studied using a two-stage non-pressurized test. The occurrence of the electric double layer effect was proven in this study which was accountable for the Nd rejection together with the structure of the PA layer. TFC membrane prepared from 15 wt% PES showed the best Nd rejection efficiency with 98.28 % in ALFS orientation due to its high negative surface charge with the PA structure of leaves and nodules
Gum Arabic and breast cancer biology: Biotechnology perspective
Full text linkThis book delves into the intersection of gum arabic, a natural product derived from Acacia gums (AGs) including Acacia sengal, Acacia seyal and Acacia polyacantha gum, and breast cancer (BC)biology from a biotechnology perspective. It explores the history, extraction, characterization, and biological applications of secondary metabolites (SMs) extracted from AGs. The chapters cover topics such as the physicochemical properties of AGs, advanced extraction methods for secondary metabolites, and their diverse biological applications, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The book also examines state-of-the-art breast cancer research, its impact on sustainable development goals, and the potential applications of AG's secondary metabolites in BC cell lines. Additionally, it discusses the opportunity to transfer cancer-on-a-chip technology to Islamic Development Bank member countries (IsDB-MCs) and explores the application of breast-on-a-chip technology using AGs-secondary metabolites (SME). This comprehensive book combines the fields of biotechnology, breast cancer biology, and natural product research, offering a unique perspective on the potential role of gum Arabic or AGs secondary metabolites in breast cancer research and treatment.
Researchers in the fields of biotechnology, oncology, and natural product chemistry find this book invaluable. Whether you are exploring new frontiers in cancer treatment or a practitioner seeking novel therapeutic approaches, this book provides critical insights into innovative strategies for combating breast cancer. Additionally, it serves as an essential resource for policymakers interested in integrating development goals with healthcare advancements
Optimized type 2 fuzzy logic control for low-speed vehicle pedal pressing automation using hybrid spiral sine cosine algorithm
Full text linkThis paper describes the systematic design and experimental analysis of a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) to govern vehicle speed for low-speed driving by adjusting an attached linear actuator that governs the vehicle's pedal. The research investigates two FLC approaches: the standard Type 1 FLC and the advanced Type 2 FLC, both optimized using the Hybrid Spiral Sine Cosine Algorithm (SSCA). The integrated system linking the actuator to the dynamics model of the vehicle shows improved ability in the manner in which control is done. Physical modeling and simulation were done in Simscape MATLAB, which provides an opportunity for modeling and visual description of the actuator system's relationship with the dynamics of the car. The results presented in this paper prove the fact that the analyzed Type 2 FLC optimized by the SSCA method performs better than the traditional Type 1 FLC in terms of the key metrics, with improvements of 32.4242% in overshoot, 0.364 seconds in settling time, and a reduction of 0.002009 in steady-state error at 2 km/h reference speed. This superior performance highlights the potential of the SSCA-optimized Type 2 FLC to automate pedal pressing for vehicle speed control, effectively replacing repetitive pedal actions and reducing driver fatigue, as this mechanism proves capable of controlling vehicle speed with high precision
The impact of watching english cartoons on preschoolers’ language acquisition and behavioural development in Dhaka
Full text linkBeing a critical development period, childhood shapes behaviors and language skills through interaction and observation. These days, the majority of the children spend a notable amount of time watching and enjoying English cartoons in Dhaka City. Watching cartoons has a significant impact on children in the development of their attitudes, actions, and skills. This study investigates the effects of watching English cartoons on preschoolers in Dhaka City. The study uses a triangulation method with a diverse sampling of 40 participants—20 preschoolers and 20 parents—combining questionnaires, semi-structured interviews of parents and children, and observation. To ensure the diversity of the sampling, we adopted convenience sampling and selected respondents from Dhaka City- North and South. The findings show that the impacts of watching English cartoons are both beneficial and concerning; children display impressive linguistic growth in English, particularly in applying lexis and understanding even complex contexts. On the other hand, exposure to violent content raises concerns about hazardous behavior and its imitation. We argue that it is important for parents to maintain national identity, cultural sensitivity, and awareness while letting children watch English cartoons. Parental monitoring is also necessary to select content that is in accordance with morals, educational activities, and critical thinking and to improve preschoolers’ education quality. We urge researchers to conduct further studies on the area to dive deeper into the facts