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Educational Voltammetry: Part 1: Open Interactive Protocols to Simulate EC(reversible) Mechanism in Cyclic Staircase Voltammetry
Full text linkFor the first time, an open and freely accessible simulation platform based on MATHCAD is introduced for educational purposes in electrochemistry. This work, Educational Voltammetry: Part 1, provides interactive step-by-step protocols that enable students, educators, and researchers to simulate cyclic staircase voltammograms of a diffusional EC(reversible) electrode mechanism under a variety of experimental and kinetic conditions. The approach is designed both for learning and for practical training, making it possible to explore the effects of mass transfer, electrode kinetics, and chemical coupling without requiring advanced programming skills. Upon request, the original MATHCAD files can be obtained directly from the authors. In forthcoming contributions to this series, free interactive protocols for additional important electrode mechanisms will be provided, further broadening the educational toolkit for voltammetric analysis.
Free trial version of MATHCAD 15 is available at: https://support.ptc.com/products/Mathcad/Mathcad-15-0/free-trial?refid=cadventure.
This initiative aims to encourage wider adoption of theoretical modeling in electrochemical education and provide experimentalists with freely available tools for mechanistic understanding
State-of-the-Art Comparison of Sensors in Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0, and Low-Cost Monitoring Technologies
Full text linkIndustry 4.0 has transformed modern manufacturing by incorporating internet-connected devices, artificial intelligence, cyber-physical platforms, and advanced data analysis. These innovations have raised automation levels, improved operational performance, and enabled predictive maintenance. Industry 5.0 builds on these foundations by emphasizing collaboration between humans and intelligent machines, promoting environmentally responsible practices, and supporting personalized production models. In parallel, affordable sensor technologies are gaining traction due to their low cost and practical ability to support essential monitoring across diverse applications. This study offers a comparative evaluation of sensor technologies in Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0, and budget-conscious systems, outlining their advantages, limitations, and areas of application. The findings suggest that sensor integration remains central to industrial progress, particularly when linked with IoT, artificial intelligence, and edge-computing solutions that enhance adaptability and real-time decision-making
MobileSecureComm: A Next-Generation Tactical Communication Platform for Land, Sea and Air Operations
No full textModern tactical and emergency operations require secure and intelligent communication systems capable of adapting across complex, multi-domain environments. Legacy platforms such as SINCGARS, EPLRS, and CERT were not built to support real-time encrypted data exchange or large-scale coordination under modern threats. To address these challenges, this paper presents MobileSecureComm, a unified platform that integrates artificial intelligence, quantum-resilient encryption, and domain interoperability. Designed for defense, disaster relief, and peacekeeping, the platform offers dynamic routing, anomaly detection, and bandwidth optimization through edge AI. Unlike prior systems that address isolated features, MobileSecureComm delivers an integrated architecture validated through simulations. The results demonstrate its readiness for secure, scalable, and mission-critical communication in evolving operational landscapes
Spontaneous Cervical Epidural Hematoma in a Patient on Anticoagulant Therapy – Therapeutic Approach
Full text linkIntroduction: Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma is an uncommon cause of acute spinal cord compression. This is a rare idiopathic condition that should be considered in non-traumatic patients with acute onset of neurological deficits, which if not recognized early can have catastrophic consequences.
Objective: Trought a case report of a patient with epidural hematoma, to present the consequences of anticoagulant therapy and the therapeutic approach with neuroprotective supplements (NurAid) that can lead to neurological improvement and rehabilitation.
Case report: A 68-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and previous interventional cardiology procedures is transported with acute quadriplegia, severe headache, arterial hypertension and Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15. After the patient underwent a comprehensive neurological and neurosurgical evaluation, which lead to diagnose an epidural hematoma at the C3/C4 level and paraplegia. The patient is hospitalized and is prescribed anticoagulant, neuroprotective, anti-hypertensive and supportive therapy.
Results: Although the neuroprotective supplement (NurAid) doesn’t have a direct therapeutic effect on epidural hematomas and does not influence coagulation status, its role is supportive, particularly in facilitating neurological recovery process.
Conclusion: In patients on anticoagulant therapy, acute epidural hematoma may occur because of prolongated use of anticoagulants. The neuroprotective therapy (with NurAid) has a significant role with faster and easier neurological recovery.
Keywords: epidural hematoma, neuroprotective, anticoagulant
The usage of medicinal plants thought history
Full text linkHealing with medicinal plants is as old as mankind itself. The connection between man and his search for drugs in nature dates from the far past, of which there is ample evidence from various sources: written documents, preserved monuments, and even original plant medicines. Awareness of medicinal plants usage is a result of the many years of struggles against illnesses due to which man learned to pursue drugs in barks, seeds, fruit bodies, and other parts of the plants. Contemporary science has acknowledged their active action, and it has included in modern pharmacotherapy a range of drugs of plant origin, known by ancient civilizations and used throughout the millennia. The knowledge of the development of ideas related to the usage of medicinal plants as well as the evolution of awareness has increased the ability of pharmacists and physicians to respond to the challenges that have emerged with the spreading of professional services in facilitation of man's life
Wild raspberries from Republic of North Macedonia as a valuable source for healing vinegars
Full text linkThe healing potential of wild raspberries from the Region of North Macedonia was investigated through fermentation and production of healing vinegars. For the production of homemade vinegars, wild raspberries were collected from the forest region of Berovo and Robovo, Republic of North Macedonia. The fresh wild raspberries were selected, washed, dried and cuted. About 1400 g of wild ruspberries were subjected for maceration process in the period of 1–3 min. During this period, the extraction process of natural antioxidants as polyphenols (anthocyanins, taninns, proanthocyanidins) as well as organic acids, Vitamin C and other natural antioxidants were performed. The puree of raspberries was then distributed into 5–6 L glass vessels and 4.8 L of water and 500 g of sucrose were added. The fermentation process was conducted at room temperature, ranging between 21 and 26⁰C, for a time period of 41 days in the absence of starter cultures like yeasts and acetic acid bacteria. Once the acetic fermentation was completed (41 days), the experimental vinegars were filtered, pasteurized (15 min at 80⁰C) and transferred, under aseptic conditions, into 100 mL glass airtight containers to reduce the risk of microbial contamination. Results obtained from evaluation of vinegar from wild raspberries showed significant amounts of polyphenols (459.28 mg/L vinegar) and total anthocyanins (399.21 mg/L vinegar). The presents of high level of natural antioxidants in wild raspberry vinega
Книга "Народниот музички инструмент дудуче во наставата по музичко образование во основните училишта" од авторот професор м-р Марјан Јанкоски
Full text linkНа 22 мај 2025 година, во Литература.мк, Скопје, беше одржана промоцијата на книгата "Народниот музички инструмент дудуче во наставата по музичко образование во основните училишта" од авторот проф. м-р Марјан Јанкоски (редовен професор на Музичката Академија при УГД Штип). На промоцијата промотори беа проф. д-р Драган Даутовски (ФМУ Скопје) и проф. д-р Велика Стојкова Серафимовска (институт за фолклор "Марко Цепенков", Скопје)
Changing planet earth through sustainable materials
Full text linkSustainable materials are designed with the aim of reducing the use of non-renewable resources, promoting recycling, and enabling biodegradability, which makes them particularly relevant to both the academic community and the industrial sector. Research in this field is of essential importance for accelerating the transition toward a circular economy and significantly reducing the negative impacts on the environment. This paper provides an analysis of contemporary scientific literature, identifying the current state and projected trends within categories of materials related to sustainability: sustainable materials, green materials, biomaterials, environmentally friendly materials, alternative materials, recycled materials, as well as material recovery from complex products
Improved UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Determination of Ketoprofen in Tablets Using Methanol as an Alternative Solvent
Full text linkKetoprofen is a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) belonging to the arylpropionic acid class, extensively used in clinical practice for the management of pain, inflammation, and various rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions. Its mechanism of action involves the non-selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), thereby reducing the biosynthesis of prostaglandins responsible for inflammatory processes. Due to its broad therapeutic application and increasing global consumption, precise, reliable, and cost-effective analytical methods are essential to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of ketoprofen containing pharmaceutical products. The pharmaceutical industry is constantly evolving and placing greater emphasis on the development and optimization of analytical techniques that are not only accurate and robust but also environmentally sustainable and economically viable. The aim of this research paper is twofold: firstly, to provide a comprehensive review of an existing analytical method for the content determination of ketoprofen in tablets, and secondly, to propose a modified method that utilizes methanol as an alternative solvent to 96% ethanol, with the goal of enhancing analytical efficiency and precision. The experiments in the study were conducted under strictly controlled laboratory conditions using spectrophotometric techniques. The results demonstrated that methanol, due to its superior solvent properties and increased solubility for ketoprofen, facilitated a more efficient extraction of the active pharmaceutical ingredient from the tablet matrix. Consequently, the modified method displayed improved absorbance values and reduced variability across replicates, while maintaining compliance with standard pharmacopeial guidelines. These results suggest that replacing 96% ethanol with methanol may contribute to a more efficient and streamlined workflow in routine pharmaceutical analysis. While methanol offers analytical advantages, it is important to consider the environmental and safety profiles of solvents used in quality control laboratories. Future research may explore greener alternatives or the use of advanced techniques such as solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to further enhance the sensitivity and sustainability of ketoprofen analysis. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that the proposed method offers measurable improvements in analytical performance and practicality. It is simple, reproducible, and suitable for routine quality control settings, demonstrating improved performance under modified conditions compared to the standard method described in the European Pharmacopoeia. Moreover, this work underscores the importance of continual method optimization in pharmaceutical analysis and provides a solid foundation for further refinement and validation of analytical protocols for ketoprofen analysis
English Language Testing: Validity, Reliability, and Communicative Competence
Full text linkIn English language instruction, testing is essential for assessing students' competency, monitoring their development, and promoting efficient teaching methods. It uses a variety of methods, from conventional written tests to contemporary computer-based evaluations, with the goal of gauging proficiency in speaking, writing, listening, and reading. Testing evaluates communicative competence and the capacity to utilise language in authentic contexts in addition to grammar and vocabulary. Reliability, validity, fairness, and reducing cultural prejudice are major issues in English language testing. In order to produce more accurate and significant findings, testing has progressively included technology and performance-based tasks in response to the rising demand for English around the world. In addition to measuring learning objectives, well-crafted assessments inspire students and raise the standard of education.
Keywords: English language testing, assessment, proficiency, validity, reliability, communicative competence, technology in testin