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Impact of mastitis pathogens on blood antioxidant enzymes in transition dairy cows
Get PDFDairy cows in early postpartum experience significant metabolic stress that increases their susceptibility to mastitis. This study examined the correlation between mastitis pathogens and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in blood serum. Over a two-year study, udder health and antioxidant enzyme activity were assessed across three physiological periods, from the 21st day before calving up to the 42nd day of lactation. During the trial period, each cow in lactation was observed daily for clinical signs of mastitis. Categorisation of the observed population was done following screening for mastitis using udder clinical examination, the California Mastitis Test, and bacteriological culturing. The measurement of the SOD and GPX activity in blood serum was done with spectrophotometric assays expressed as mU/mg protein. Mastitis pathogens were isolated from 43.83% of udder quarters with milk secretion disorder, and the dominantly isolated microorganisms were grouped as contagious: Streptococcus agalactiae (19.14%) and Staphylococcus aureus (6.17%) or environmental: Enterococcus spp. (8.02%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.41%), Escherichia coli (1.85%) and Aspergillus niger (1.23%). The results indicated that contagious mastitis pathogens had a statistically significant influence on the SOD and GPX activity in the blood serum of transition dairy cows. The relationship between oxidative stress, anti-oxidative enzymes, and mastitis in dairy cows underscores the importance of managing oxidative levels to enhance udder health and prevent mastitis.
Keywords: dairy cows, antioxidative enzymes, mastiti
Comparative evaluation of fatty acid profiles in common meat cuts
Get PDFMeat production and consumption in North Macedonia have undergone notable shifts influenced by economic development and changing dietary habits. Meat serves as a vital source of essential nutrients, particularly high-quality protein and biologically active fatty acids that play a significant role in cardiovascular health. This study aimed to assess the nutritional quality of pork and poultry meat by conducting a comparative analysis of their fatty acid profiles, using standard chemical composition methods. An analysis of pork and poultry meat production and consumption was conducted to reflect the dietary habits of Macedonian citizens.
Between 2020 and 2024, total pork production reached 67,961 tons, while poultry production amounted to 9,202 tons during the same period. In 2024, average household consumption was estimated at 23.7 kg of pork and 46.5 kg of poultry meat. The analysis revealed that chicken breast contains a low-fat content of 2.4 g per 100 g and features a favorable ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids, primarily attributed to higher levels of linoleic and linolenic acids. Conversely, pork cuts such as neck and belly exhibited considerably higher fat content, ranging from 13.02 to 18.75 g per 100 g, along with elevated concentrations of saturated fatty acids, particularly palmitic and stearic acids.
These findings underscore the nutritional advantage of poultry as a leaner meat option with a healthier fat composition. Considering these differences, it is recommended to prioritize poultry consumption to promote improved lipid balance and to mitigate long-term health risks associated with excessive intake of saturated fats.
Keywords: Meat Consumption, Nutritional Quality, Fatty Acid
WEB калкулатор за проценка на стабилност на косини на површински коп
Get PDFОвој труд претставува концептуален пристап за користење на WEB базиран онлајн калкулатор за проценка на стабилност на косини на површински копови. Целта е преку едноставен веб-пристап и избор на метода на гранична рамнотежа да се овозможи брза геотехничка анализа на профил на косина. Со внесување на основните влезни параметри на моделот и стартување на калкулаторот, корисникот добива излезни резултати во вид на графички прикажан профил и проценет фактор на сигурност. Ваквиот WEB калкулатор има практична примена како поддршка за студенти и инженери при брзи проценки на стабилноста на косини кај површински копови, патишта и кај други геотехнички објекти, при што значително се намалува времето потребно за иницијални геотехнички анализи. Калкулаторот е наменет за едноставна и брза примена со користење на некој стандарден browser, без потреба од дополнителни инсталации или конфигурации
Application of biosensors with GPS locators for monitoring the health of miners in underground mines: a comprehensive framework for enhanced safety and operational efficiency
Get PDFUnderground mining operations present significant safety challenges due to harsh environmental conditions, limited visibility, and potential exposure to toxic gases. This paper presents a comprehensive framework integrating wearable biosensors with advanced positioning technologies to enhance miner safety and operational efficiency. The proposed system combines real-time physiological monitoring (heart rate, body temperature, blood oxygen saturation) with precise underground positioning using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology. Analysis of empirical data from multiple mining operations demonstrates substantial improvements in safety metrics, including a 31-50% reduction in incident rates, 50-64% improvement in emergency response times, and 95-98% accuracy in hazard detection123. The integrated system architecture encompasses four primary layers: wearable sensor networks, underground positioning infrastructure, communication mesh systems, and data analytics platforms. Cost-benefit analysis indicates a return on investment breakeven point of 1.7 years with an initial investment of $80,000 for a 50-miner operation [1]
From soil to survival: PGPB-triggered defense and adaptation in plants
Get PDFPlants and beneficial soil bacteria engage in dynamic and reciprocal interactions that influence plant development, nutrient acquisition, and stress resilience. Among these, plant growth- promoting bacteria (PGPB) have garnered considerable attention due to their ability to support plant health through a range of biochemical and physiological mechanisms. These bacteria produce a variety of bioactive compounds that enhance plant stress tolerance, improve nutrient availability, and offer protection against phytopathogens. PGPB influence plant performance through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Direct pathways include the biosynthesis of phytohormones (such as indole-3-acetic acid), solubilization of essential nutrients like phosphate, zinc, and potassium, ammonia production, and atmospheric nitrogen fixation.
Indirectly, they contribute by secreting siderophores, lytic enzymes, hydrogen cyanide, and antibiotics, which suppress harmful microorganisms and enhance plant immunity. These functional traits position PGPB as valuable components in sustainable agriculture, especially for the development of bioformulants including biofertilizers, biopesticides, and biofungicides.
Such alternatives reduce dependency on chemical inputs and contribute to environmentally responsible crop management. Nonetheless, despite the expanding repertoire of beneficial strains, the practical implementation of PGPB in agriculture remains challenging. Factors such as microbial survival, strain specificity, plant-microbiome compatibility, and fluctuating environmental conditions can influence their efficacy in field applications. This review explores recent advances in understanding PGPB-mediated plant adaptations to abiotic and biotic stressors, with emphasis on molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and metabolite production. It also discusses formulation strategies and delivery systems designed to maximize their stability and performance. Ultimately, leveraging PGPB potential requires a deeper integration of microbiology, plant physiology, and environmental science to ensure their consistent and scalable use in sustainable agricultural systems
Judicial Implementation and Monitoring Challenges of Fundamental Rights in North Macedonia’s Path Towards European Integration
Get PDFNorth Macedonia, as a candidate country for accession to the European Union, is progressively aligning its legal framework with EU law through the ongoing accession process, which began in 2005. The fundamental rights are an integral part of the general principles of EU law, as guaranteed by art. 6, para. 3 of the Treaty on European Union. This is especially relevant given that judicial independence and the right to a fair trial are core pillars of fundamental rights, the non-negotiable values in the EU accession process and key components of the “Copenhagen Criteria” concerning the rule of law and human rights.
The European Commission's annual reports from the past three years (2022–2024) highlight the significant challenges North Macedonia faces in effectively implementing and monitoring fundamental rights, underlining that judicial independence is not merely a legal principle, but a practical and structural issue.
This paper provides a detailed analysis of the gap between formal standards and actual practice, emphasizing that good legislation alone is insufficient without effective monitoring tools. To gain a more complete picture in the context of fundamental rights, the paper examines how European law is applied by national courts by focusing on the case Mitrinovski v. North Macedonia. This case illustrates that the lack of effective judicial safeguards and independent oversight mechanisms continues to undermine the enforcement of fundamental rights, despite formal legal alignment with EU standards. The outcome reflects the ongoing challenges and underscores the need for strengthened institutional capacity and the development of transparent, rights-based monitoring systems as essential foundations for credible alignment with the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and core EU values
The Influence of XIX Century Costume on Women's Fashion in Spring-Summer 2008 Collections
Get PDFOne of the ideas of this text is to emphasize the history and existing literature dedicated to the historical fashion costume of the xix century, as well as the contemporary costume, focusing on the laws by which fashion has developed and moved from its beginning to the present day. As an example, we can point to Dudnikova's text, who makes detailed studies of the history of the costume, starting from Ancient Egypt, exploring the specificities of fashion from antiquity to the beginning of the XXI century. At the beginning of the XIX, the entire XX and XXI centuries as a result of the technological revolution, which plays an important role in fashion and clothing, the aesthetic paradigms are changing radically. The enjoyment of the authentic and masterful embodiment of human desires in fashion is replaced by its presentation as a new reality, capable of replacing man's representations of it. If in the past historical eras a general appearance dominated, subordinated to the suggestion of certain ideas, for the XXI century the aesthetic pleasure is replaced by the functional elements imposed by the industrial production in response to the new economical demands. The visual perception of the modern women's costume is undergoing a substantial transformation. Here we can talk not only about changing the form (transformation), but also about changing the focus (transfocation). The fashion costume is seen not as a separate and independent object, but the attention of fashion designers is focused on the costume as part of the global processes in the field of applied art. In modern society, thanks to the Internet, the designer is in a position to create fashion creations in every point of the planet. The boundaries of the "center-periphery" or "East-West" binary oppositions are blurred and lose their clear contours. This necessitates a redefinition of the term "fashion" and "fashion trend" as an integral part of culture, which makes the implication a particularly attractive tool in the process of creating new fashion lines. The creative character of the creation of fashion and fashion collections is retained, but at the same time it is rationalized, knowing which of the achievements of historical fashion can be applied in the new century. They are in turn correlated with the so-called social and psychological phenomena – building self-confidence, entering the agenda of society and having the possibility of choice. This choice, on the other hand, shows that fashion and fashion expression, just like the work of art, are the foundation of every cultural upheaval.
Keywords: historical costume of the XIX century, implication, fashion of the XXI century - 200
CA24122 - multiscale Stochastics, Patterns, and Analysis of Combinatorial Environments (mSPACE)
Get PDFMultiscale systems, where intricate dynamics arise from the interplay of interactions across various scales, are pervasive in nature and society. sPACE seeks to establish a rigorous mathematical foundation for understanding and analyzing them.
By focusing on both theoretical foundations and real-world modeling, we will explore discrete, continuous, and hybrid systems. We will advance the understanding of large-scale and long-time behavior of both natural and synthetic systems with different levels of geometry and/or randomness.
We will apply our framework to real-world phenomena, particularly in materials science. We will bring together leading research groups and, thus, foster an interdisciplinary approach. This will enable us to investigate a wide range of linear and nonlinear models and to address challenges such as network transportation, biological systems, and especially, microstructure optimization in materials science.
mSPACE will bridge the gap between mathematical concepts and practical applications. By uniting researchers from diverse fields, we aim to advance fundamental research, foster knowledge transfer, and drive long-term breakthroughs. Our collaborative approach will strengthen the European research landscape and benefit society.
We will address imbalances in research activity by committing to adequate and fair representation of female and junior researchers in key roles of the Action. We will also prioritize engagement with stakeholders from regions with lower research output. Through COST’s educational programs, we will proactively include these participants in our network. Furthermore, we will trigger connections with non-academic entities and catalyze collaborations between European laboratories and startups focused on the green transition
Educational Voltammetry, Part VII: Simulation of a diffusional electrochemical reaction coupled with a reversible follow up chemical reaction (the EC mechanism) at stationary planar electrode under conditions of square-wave voltammetry
Get PDFThis study examines the EC mechanism i.e. an electrode reaction coupled with a reversible homogeneous chemical step, under square-wave voltammetry at a stationary planar electrode using Butler–Volmer kinetics. It provides a complete, ready-to-use MATHCAD protocol for simulating square-wave voltammograms and includes detailed explanations of each parameter used. This resource is designed to help students and experienced researchers alike become familiar with the theoretical calculation of square-wave voltammograms and supports interpretation of experimental results. It is first of such format to be given freely available to anyone
Attilâ İlhan’ın Şiirlerinin Makedonca Çevirileri
Get PDFÖzet: Atillâ İlhan çağdaş Türk şiirinin parlak şairlerinden biridir. Onun şiiri lirik, kişisel duygu, düşünce, olaylarla dolu ve evrensel değerlerle zengindir. Atillâ İlhan, şiirlerinde aşk, romantizm ve bireysel duyguların yanı sıra toplumsal duyarlığı ön plana çıkarır.
Çeviri, dilsel ve kültürel aktarımı sağlar. Atillâ İlhan’ın şiiri Makedonya’da yayımlanan çağdaş Türk şiiri antolojilerde ve şiir çevirisi kitabında yer almaktadır. Atillâ İlhan’ı Makedoncaya çevirmek zorlu bir uğraştır.
Bu bildiride Atillâ İlhan’ın antolojilerde ve şiir çevirisi kitabında yayımlanan Makedonca şiir çevirilerine göz atıp yeni yayımlanmamış şiir çevirileri ile katkıda bulunacağız.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Türk şiir, şiir çevirisi, şiir çevirisi kitabı, antoloji, çevirmenler