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Effects of mechanical decompression in patients with degenerative changes of the intervertebral discs
Get PDFDegenerative disc disease is one of the most common causes of chronic pain in the lower back (lumbar region) and is a leading factor in reducing work capacity and quality of life in the adult population. These pathological changes occur as a result of the natural aging process, but can also be accelerated by mechanical stress, genetic predisposition, insufficient physical activity, a sedentary lifestyle or occupational stress. Over time, the disc loses hydration, its elasticity decreases, fissures appear and nerve structures are compressed, which leads to pain, stiffness and functional limitation. In modern physical therapy, mechanical decompression is used as a non-invasive alternative to relieve symptoms and improve spinal function. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of mechanical decompression in patients with degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs, by comparing the level of pain, mobility and functional status before and after treatment. Material and methods: The study will be conducted on a sample of 7 patients diagnosed with degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs in the lumbar region. The patients will undergo a series of 10 treatments with mechanical decompression, using a specialized therapeutic device. Data will be collected through a visual analog scale for pain (VAS), functional tests and subjective surveys. Results: After completion of the treatment with mechanical decompression, the analysis of the results showed a significant reduction in pain in six out of seven patients, according to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The average pain score before starting the therapies was 7.2 (out of 10), while after ten treatments, the average score dropped to 2.8. Most patients showed improvement in lumbar segment function, with increased range of motion and better mobility during daily activities. Additionally, an average of 40% improvement in the ability to function independently was observed through the use of subjective quality of life questionnaires. Six patients reported improved sleep, reduced fatigue, and easier performance of basic physical activities (standing, walking, bending). Only one patient reported minimal improvement without further deterioration, which is attributed to the longer chronicity of the symptoms and the presence of other comorbidities. No side effects from the therapy were recorded in any patient, indicating the safety and good tolerance of mechanical decompression as part of physical treatment. Conclusion: Mechanical decompression is an effective and safe method for the treatment of degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs. Its application can improve the quality of life of patients and reduce the time required for rehabilitation. The research provides a basis for further studies and clinical implementations.
Keywords: mechanical decompression, intervertebral discs, degenerative diseases, low back pain, physical therapy, rehabilitation.
Field: Public Health and Medicin
Ладно цедено масло од пиперка (Capsicum sp.) fam. Solanaceae како вредна компонента во козметологијата и фитотерапијата
Get PDFЛадно цеденото масло од семе од пиперка Capsicum sp., фамилија Solanaceae претставува извор на голем број биоактивни компоненти, како фитостероли, каротеноиди, капсаициноиди, минерали, есенцијални масни киселини, токофероли, ретинол и многу други, вклучувајќи ја и групата на полифеноли. Полинезаситените масни киселини во овој тип на масло се застапени до 84%, додека најзастапена е линолеинската масна киселина со удел до 73%. Aктивните компоненти, аналози на витамин Е - како токофероли и токотриеноли, се застапени над 70% во маслото. Ладно цедените масла имаат предност пред рафинираните масла, бидејќи содржат повеќе антиоксиданти и биоактивни супстанции кои вообичаено се губат при процесот на рафинирање. Со
техниката на ладно цедење, при која температурата не се зголемува над 50°C, маслото исто така ги задржува и своите специфични органолептички својства. Овие компоненти
овозможуваат значајни здравствени придобивки, поради што се користат во традиционалната медицина и фармацијата за спречување или лекување на некои кардиоваскуларни и гастроинтестинални нарушувања, ревматизам и дијабетес, а наоѓаат примена и во козметологијата. Капсаицинот како главно активно соединение во семките од лута пиперка се продуцира со паренхимските клетки на плацентата во плодот од пиперка, на која се прицврстени и семињата. Тој може да се сретне како присутен во семето, но само поради физичкиот контакт на површината на семето со плацентата. Полинезаситените масни киселини придонесуваат за неговите потенцијални хидратантни ефекти врз кожата. Високата содржина на витамин С во ова масло го поттикнува производството на колаген (неопходен за здрава кожа), одржувањето на еластичноста на кожата и го намалува
појавувањето на брчки. И покрај овие извонредни својства, капсаицинот сè уште ретко се користи како хербален лек, додаток во исхраната или во козметички цели
Фармаковигиланца - улогата на фармацевтот
Get PDFЛековите се карактеризираат со својата ефикасност, квалитет и безбедност. Фармацевтската индустрија е строго регулирана, со уште построги барања што доаѓаат секој ден, кaдe од големо значење е фармаковигиланцата. Фармаковигиланца е систем кој се применува за откривање, собирање, следење, процена и обезбедување на соодветност на новите податоци за безбедноста на лекот и на односот ризик - корист во врска со употребата на лекот или неговата интеракција со други лекови. Целите на фармаковигиланцата се промовирање на рационална, безбедна и ефикасна употреба на лекови, спречување на штети од несакани реакции, минимизирање на ризиците и придонес кон заштитата на пациентите и јавното здравје. Тука клучна улога и одговорност треба да имаат фармацевтите, бидејќи нивната експертиза вклучува снабдување и издавање на лекови, проценка на здравјето, стручна едукација и советување, професионално менаџирање на терапијата, превенирање на можни грешки од употребата на лековите, интеракции и други несакани реакции. Фармацевтот треба да има и познавања за хербалните препарати и додатоци на исхрана, бидејќи е можна нивна интеракција. За да може фармацевтот да одговори на овие барања, многу е важна додипломската едукација, исто така и континуираната едукација, за жал може да се констатира дека фармаковигиланцата како засебна тема е многу слабо застапена. Пријавувањето на несакани реакции во Северна Македонија е на ниско, незадоволително ниво во споредба со останатите држави. Сите учесници во здравствениот систем, вклучувајќи ги тука фармацевтите заедно со другите здравствени работници, како и образовните системи, треба активно да спроведуваат едукација и имплементирање на програми за континуиран професионален развој и зајакнување на теоретското и практичното знаење од овој значаен сегмент
Effect of catechin on viability of mononuclear cells
Get PDFCatechins are natural polyphenolic compounds known for their antioxidant and anti- inflammatory properties. Their potential immunomodulatory effects have attracted increasing attention, particularly in relation to immune cell function. This study aimed to investigate the effect of catechin on the viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. PBMCs cells were isolated from peripheral blood using density gradient centrifugation. Cells were treated with various concentrations of catechin hydrate for 1 and
3 hours. Cell viability was assessed using flow cytometry (BriCyte E6) with YO-PRO-1 and
propidium iodide staining. Catechin treatment showed a concentration-dependent effect on PBMCs viability. Lower concentrations preserved or slightly enhanced cell viability, while higher concentrations led to a reduction in viable cells. Catechin modulates the viability of PBMCs in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest potential immunomodulatory effects of catechin and warrant further investigation into its mechanisms of action
Comparative judicial treatment of AI-generated works in copyright law
Get PDFThe rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into creative processes is challenging established copyright norms, compelling courts to assess whether outputs produced with minimal or no human input can be protected under existing legal frameworks. While much scholarship addresses the legislative reforms that may be needed, judicial practice already offers valuable insight into how the law is adapting in real time. This presentation surveys selected case law from the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Australia, and China, highlighting how different legal traditions define authorship, measure originality, and interpret the scope of protection in the context of AI involvement.
While the discussion references relevant legal doctrines, such as the human authorship requirement and the originality standard, these serve only as background to better understand judicial reasoning. The presentation highlights recurring themes in the cases, including the evidentiary challenges of proving human creative contribution, the treatment of human–machine collaborations, and the strict application of anthropocentric definitions of authorship.
Through comparative analysis, the presentation demonstrates that while human creative agency remains central to copyright protection, some judicial decisions are beginning to recognize hybrid authorship scenarios where human contributions interact closely with algorithmic processes. The discussion concludes that, in the absence of targeted legislative reform, courts are incrementally shaping the contours of copyright in the generative AI era. This comparative case law perspective reveals both the adaptability and the limits of current legal frameworks in responding to technological change
Digital skills among students in tourism and hospitality studies: the case of North Macedonia
Get PDFAs technology progressively influences daily life, the tourism and hospitality industries are integrating digital technologies to meet tourists' expectations. Consequently, digital skills are becoming progressively essential as the workplace evolves. Businesses consistently seek employees with these competencies, increasing the demand for knowledge in digital skills. The industry's digital need is evident, leading to the expanding value of digital workers. Employers are advocating for upgraded skills, resulting in today’s job seekers requiring specialized skills to help them stand out from the crowd. While some certain universities and other educational institutions have modified or expanded the curriculum to address the increasing demand for digital skills, there is a pressing need for research to assess the growth of digital skills among students in tourism and hospitality studies, with them being the main providers of tourism services in the industry. This research, not previously conducted solely on students enrolled in tourism and hospitality studies in North Macedonia, aims to present findings on digital skills among students at the Faculty of Tourism and Business Logistics by identifing levels of digital skills. For this, a quantitative methodology was used through the application of a survey amongst 100 students at undergraduate studies
ALES "Creating an active learning environment"
Get PDFThis 2-hour online training is part of the Active Learning e-Pedagogy Schools (ALES), an initiative within the ACE²-EU Pedagogy Unit. The Pedagogy Unit contributes to the ACE²-EU educational mission by developing training programmes that strengthen a shared pedagogical culture across the Alliance, focusing on active learning methodologies that include experiential, challenge-based and work-based learning approaches.
This 2-hour online training aims to support university educators in developing a more student-centered teaching approach through the exploration of cultural influences, reflective practices and active learning tools. Participants will engage in collaborative tasks, case discussions and scenario-based exercises to strengthen their teaching strategies and foster inclusive, participatory learning environments
Primary and permanent teeth pulp stem cells - biological characteristics and therapeutic indications
Get PDFStem cell research has opened new avenues in regenerative medicine, offering promising solutions for tissue restoration and regeneration. Among the various sources of stem cells, dental pulp has emerged as a rich reservoir of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with remarkable regenerative potential. Pulp stem cells derived from primary and permanent teeth have attracted attention due to their unique biological properties and clinical applications. Primary teeth, despite being temporary structures, contain a rich source of MSCs during early childhood development, while permanent teeth provide a more abundant and accessible reserve of stem cells during adulthood. The aim of this paper is to investigate the biological characteristics and therapeutic potential of pulp stem cells derived from primary and permanent teeth. Stem cells extracted from the dental pulp represent a significant interest in regenerative medicine due to their unique properties and accessibility. Through a comprehensive review of the existing literature and empirical research, this paper aims to clarify the different qualities of pulp stem cells from both primary and permanent teeth, exploring their regenerative capacities and therapeutic indications. By evaluating their potential for differentiation, immunomodulatory effects and clinical applications, this thesis provides valuable insights into the use of dental pulp stem cells for tissue and regenerative therapies. For the realization of this paper, we compiled a survey questionnaire that contained several questions for the respondents. According to the data obtained from a total of 100 respondents, of whom 53 were female and 47 were male. Of the male population, 47, 17 were medically educated, 30 were medically uneducated. We obtained data that most of them are not familiar with the procedure. Women are more susceptible with 53%. Despite the significant therapeutic potential of stem cells dental pulp cells, several challenges remain to be overcome to fully realize their clinical potential and maximize their impact in regenerative medicine. The application of dental pulp stem cell-based therapies from preclinical research to clinical applications requires rigorous validation of their safety, efficacy, and scalability in clinical trials. Collaborative efforts between researchers, clinicians, regulators, and industry partners are essential to navigate regulatory pathways, secure funding, and advance dental pulp stem cell-based therapies toward clinical adoption.
Keywords: stem cells, primary teeth, permanent teeth, indications, therapy.
Field: Preventive dentistr
Challenges and solutions for enhancing Drone-to-TOC communication performance in military and crisis operations
Get PDFDrone-to-TOC (Tactical Operations Center) communication is increasingly essential for military and crisis management operations, offering significant advantages in operational flexibility, real-time situational awareness, and rapid response capabilities. However, these advancements introduce numerous technical and operational challenges that must be addressed to fully exploit the benefits of drone communication. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the current challenges facing drone-to-TOC communications, including vulnerabilities to electronic warfare, cyber threats, interoperability issues, and bandwidth limitations. Electronic warfare, such as jamming and spoofing, significantly affects the reliability of UAV communication systems, demanding resilient, adaptive solutions. Cybersecurity threats further complicated secure data transmission, creating a need for advanced encryption, robust authentication protocols, and secure communication frameworks. Interoperability among multinational forces remains a persistent challenge due to varying encryption standards, data-sharing protocols, and differing technological platforms. Additionally, managing the increasing data volume and ensuring low latency transmission are critical concerns for maintaining seamless communication. Drawing on the latest developments from tactical radio networks, advanced military communications strategies, quantum-safe encryption technologies, and AI-driven cybersecurity measures, this paper proposes a set of solutions aimed at enhancing drone-to-TOC communication performance. Recommendations include implementing adaptive software-defined radios, integrating decentralized security mechanisms, and developing unified interoperability standards. These approaches aim to strengthen operational effectiveness, cybersecurity resilience, and reliability of drone communications during critical military and crisis management scenarios
Advancements in industrial digital sensors (version 3.0 to 4.0) and radar systems for object detection: a state-of-the-art review
Get PDFIn this digital age, sensors and digital components are a crucial part of modern life, as they are used daily to simplify various processes. The use of the sensors and other industrial components is wider starting from science, IoT, technology stakeholders and finishing to educational processes which shows that this kind of components are used in every field. This scientific paper represents a review of the latest advancements and developments in the industrial digital sensors and components, focusing on versions 3.0 and 4.0 and also their use to develop radar systems for object detection. The review mostly focuses on covering key advancements and developments, challenges and future directions in these fields and technologies, providing insight for students, researchers, engineers and also industry stakeholders