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Introduction to Macedonian Law of Obligations, Foundations, Structure, and European Influences
Full text linkOverall objectives of the mobility for teaching:
1.Teaching about the Macedonian civil law;
2.Exchange and sharing of best practices in the areas of establishing liability for damages;
3.Networking with colleagues and experts in the areas of Obligations and Tort law;
4.Exchange of international experience among colleagues and students (from first and second degrees of studies) from both countries supported by the ERAZMUS+ Programme;
5. Presenting Goce Delcev University of Stip and the Faculty of Law of Stip by emphasizing the activities of the Faculty of Law Department
The use of Comet assay for detection of genotoxic effect of benzo[a]pyrene
Full text linkIntroduction: The Comet assay, or single-cell gel electrophoresis, is a highly sensitive technique for detecting DNA damage at the single-cell level. It enables the identification of strand breaks, alkali-labile sites, and cross-linking in individual cells. This assay is extensively used in genotoxicity testing, cancer research, and studies on DNA repair mechanisms. Benzo[a]pyrene, a known genotoxic compound detected in cigarette smoke, diesel exhaust, and industrial waste, poses significant health risks.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the applicability of the Comet assay in detecting DNA damage induced by exposure to this cytotoxic agent.
Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were treated with varying concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene, followed by Comet assay under alkaline conditions. Cells were embedded in agarose, lysed, and subjected to electrophoresis. DNA migration was visualized using silver staining, and damage was quantified by visually scoring 50 cells per slide.
Results: The results revealed a dose-dependent increase in DNA damage, as reflected by a significant increase in comet tail arbitrary units. Higher concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene resulted in pronounced DNA fragmentation, indicating increased genotoxicity.
Conclusion: These findings affirm the effectiveness of the Comet assay in detecting DNA damage and monitoring cellular responses to genotoxic agents. The study highlights benzo[a]pyrene as a potent genotoxic agent, reinforcing its classification as a Group I carcinogen. This research underscores the importance of genotoxic assessments in evaluating and understanding the cellular impact of environmental and industrial toxins
The Influence of Lighting Conditions on Color Difference (ΔE) in Glazed Fixed Prosthetic Restorations: A Comparative Study
Full text linkBackground: Achieving optimal esthetics in fixed prosthodontics requires not only accurate material selection but also precise color matching. The color difference parameter (ΔE) plays a crucial role in objectively quantifying color variation between dental restorations under different conditions. Surface finishing techniques such as glazing, as well as the lighting environment during color evaluation, may significantly affect ΔE values and thus influence clinical outcomes.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two lighting conditions—natural daylight and artificial reflector light—on the color difference (ΔE) values of glazed fixed prosthetic crowns fabricated from three different materials: metal-ceramic, full-contour zirconia, and veneered zirconia.
Materials and Methods: Ninety crowns (n = 30 per group) were fabricated and uniformly glazed. The specimens were divided into three groups according to the material type: Group A (metal-ceramic), Group B (full-contour zirconia), and Group C (veneered zirconia). ΔE values were recorded using a calibrated spectrophotometer under standardized daylight and reflector light conditions. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis to compare lighting effects within each material group.
Results: There were no significant differences in ΔE for metal-ceramic and full-contour zirconia. A significant difference was found in the veneered zirconia group (Z=-3.005; p=0.003).
Conclusion: Lighting conditions can influence the perceived color difference in glazed restorations, particularly in layered, translucent systems like veneered zirconia. These findings support the use of standardized natural lighting environments during shade selection and final evaluation of esthetic restorations to minimize metamerism and optimize color matching outcomes.
Key Word: ΔE, glazed restorations, lighting conditions, zirconia, color perception, spectrophotometry, esthetic dentistr
Remotely Read and Transfer Energy Meter Parameters in an RF and IoT Network
Full text linkIn industrial facilities, process quantities are categorized into two main groups. The first group includes non-electrical variables associated with technological operations, such as pressure, flow, temperature, and level, which require conversion into electrical signals through sensors and converters. The second group consists of electrical metrics related to electricity distribution and consumption, which are already in electrical signal form and do not need conversion. A key similarity between signals in both groups is the necessity for accurate measurement, collection, visualization, and distribution. Modern measurement systems can visualize quantities on displays, transmit data remotely, and store it for future analysis.
This paper examines challenges related to the second group of signals, specifically the measurement of electrical data from installed energy meters (EM). These smart EM operate under EU regulations and are used in both industrial and residential settings. They calculate parameters like active and reactive power based on measured values of voltage and current. However, a limitation exists: reading and data collection are conducted manually on-site, preventing remote access. To overcome this challenge, the paper proposes an electronic system connected to existing smart EM, enabling local data transmission to personal computers and remote access via Intranet and IoT networks. This innovation could significantly improve energy data management and monitoring processes
State-of-the-art research and analysis of active and passive radar reflectors and ultrasonic radar systems
Full text linkThis paper presents a comparative analysis of active, passive, and ultrasonic radars, focusing on operational parameters such as detection range, coverage angle, and adaptability to weather conditions. Active radars demonstrate efficiency over long distances, while passive radars are suitable for scenarios with low radio frequency emissions. Ultrasonic radars, on the other hand, are optimal for short-range detection. The results are presented through tables and charts, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each system, along with recommendations for their use in various industrial applications
The Use of Communication Platforms in Military Operations: Enhancing Strategic and Tactical Effectiveness
Full text linkThe way communication platforms are used in military operations has changed a lot over the years. They're now essential for mission success, quick decision-making, and maintaining strategic advantages. This paper dives into the modern communication tools that are making waves in military settings, with a spotlight on networked communication, signal support, cybersecurity strategies, and how different forces work together in joint and multinational missions. It also tackles some of the major hurdles, like congestion in the electromagnetic spectrum, cyber threats, and the need for secure data transmission in challenging environments. By pulling insights from FM 6-02: Signal Support to Operations and the latest scientific research, this paper highlights recent advancements in military communication tech and how they boost operational effectiveness. Additionally, the research looks ahead at future possibilities, such as AI-driven communication platforms, quantum encryption, and cutting-edge satellite networks for defense purposes. This paper's primary contribution is the development of a structured, AI-enabled communication workflow that integrates quantum-safe encryption, blockchain authentication, and satellite-based coordination to improve decision-making and resilience in multi-domain operations
Post-COVID Cognitive Recovery in a Hemodialysis Patient Using Neuroprotective Supplements
Full text linkIntroduction: COVID-19 has been shown to cause significant long-term effects, particularly on cognitive function, in recovering patients. Patients with chronic illnesses, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 complications and post-COVID cognitive dysfunction (PCCD).
Objective: Through a case report of a patient recovering from a severe COVID-19 pneumonia, on hemodialysis with chronic kidney disease stage 5 and affected cognitive functions, we explore the usage of neuroprotective supplements (NurAid) in their improvement.
Case report: A 68-year-old sopor-comatose patient with signs of post-COVID cognitive impairment and MMSE score - 21, on hemodialysis, who also has secondary anemia and chronic hepatitis C infection. Brain CT scan showed small lacunar infarcts, hypodense areas and atrophic changes.
Results: The patient was treated for all his complications and discharged in good condition with prescribed neuroprotective supplements for three months, which resulted with overall cognitive improvement seen in the next follow-ups.
Conclusion: The treatment with neuroprotective supplements such as NurAid can significantly improve brain function and help manage post-COVID cognitive dysfunction in chronic kidney disease patients, leading to improvement of overall outcomes.
Keywords: cognitive dysfunction, post-COVID, neuroprotectiv
Xerostomia inpatients with Type 2 diabetes melitus wearing complete and partial acrylic dentures - a literature review
Full text linkXerostomia, commonly defined as a chronic reduction or impairment of salivary secretion, represents a frequent and clinically significant condition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This dysfunction poses a major risk to oral health by affecting local immunity, microbial balance, and the functional integrity of the oral mucosa. In patients wearing complete or partial acrylic dentures, the presence of xerostomia can lead to considerable functional and biomechanical impairments, manifesting as reduced retention, decreased stability, and diminished comfort during prosthesis use. These complications areoften exacerbated by mucosal irritation, ulcerations, chronic discomfort, and an increased susceptibility to infections, notably oral candidiasis.The primary aim of this paper is to present, through a structured literature review, the current scientific understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of xerostomia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the paper seeks to analyze the impact of xerostomia on the adaptation, function, and long-term usability of complete and partial acrylicdentures. Special attention is given to the multifactorial mechanisms that exacerbate xerostomia, including pharmacotherapy, aging, dehydration, and poor metabolic control associated with diabetes.In addition, this review addresses contemporary preventive and therapeutic strategies for managing xerostomia, emphasizing the importance of adequate oral hygiene, dietary recommendations, the use of oral moisturizers, artificial saliva substitutes, and specific modifications to prosthetic designs aimed at enhancing retention and stability. The critical role of regular dental check-ups and the establishment of a multidisciplinary collaboration among dentists, endocrinologists, and patients is underscored as a fundamental factor for successful management.Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant scientific literature, the paper synthesizes clinically applicable knowledge and formulates recommendations for enhancing dental practice. Moreover, it identifies existing research gaps and highlights the necessity for further studies aimed at developing effective therapeutic protocols for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffering from xerostomia.
Keywords: xerostomia, diabetes,acrylic, dentures,mucosal discomfor
Практикум по Англиска книжевност од 16 до 18 век
No full textОвој практикум е наменет да ги води студентите низ сеопфатна истражувачка прошетка низ англиската книжевност од 16. до 18. век, трансформативен период што ги обликувал темелите на книжевната традиција со која денес се занимаваме. Делата вклучени во оваа збирка го одразуваат широкиот опсег на жанрови, стилови и интелектуални струења кои ги дефинирале епохите на ренесансата, елизабетанскиот и јакобинскиот период, како и раната современа доба. Преку вежбите базирани на овие текстови, студентите ќе се сретнат со низа поетски форми, драмски дела, филозофски трактати и проза кои ги откриваат комплексностите на човечкото искуство — од возвишувањето на индивидуата до размислувањето за смртноста, од потрагата по знаење до истражувањето на општествените структури. Вежбите во оваа книга се структурирани така што ги поттикнуваат студентите на внимателно читање, критичка анализа и продлабочена рефлексија врз овие темелни текстови
Flesh and Blood: The Complexities of Sexuality in Stoker’s Dracula
Full text linkThis lecture explores the symbolic complexity of blood in Bram Stoker’s Dracula, where it signifies food, disease, and marriage, entwining life and death in unsettling ways. Blood becomes a vehicle of degeneration, transmitting lust and corruption as vampirism reproduces itself through creating new vampires. The novel evokes associations of perverse sexuality—unconventional acts that negate procreation and instead lead to destruction of life, marriage, and moral order. Stoker further subverts natural and religious structures by casting Dracula as the “father and furtherer of new order of beings, whose road must lead through Death, not Life” (p. 303). In doing so, the text destabilizes Judeo-Christian belief in a single divine Creator, exposing how vampirism rewrites sexuality, reproduction, and faith itself