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Combining Different Existing Methods for Describing Steganography Hiding Methods
No full textThe proliferation of digital carriers that can be exploited to conceal arbitrary data has increased the number of techniques for implementing steganography and other forms of information hiding. As a result, the literature overlaps greatly in terms of concepts and terminology. Moreover, from a cybersecurity viewpoint, the same hiding mechanism may be perceived differently, making harder the development of a unique defensive strategy or the definition of practices to mitigate risks arising from the use of steganography. To mitigate these drawbacks, several researchers introduced approaches that aid in the unified description of steganography methods and covert channels.
Understanding and combining all descriptive methods for steganography techniques is a challenging but important task. For instance, researchers might want to explain how malware applies a certain steganography technique or categorize a novel hiding approach. Consequently, this paper aims to provide an introduction to the concept of descriptive methods for steganography. The paper is organized in the form of a tutorial, with the main goal of explaining how existing descriptions and taxonomy objects can be combined to achieve a detailed categorization and description of hiding methods. To show how this can effectively help the research community, the paper also contains various real-world examples
Reduction of catheter-associated urinary tract infections with polyhexanide solution irrigation in geriatric patients Abstract Area: Long-term Care
Full text linkLower urinary tract catheters are a common cause of urinary tract infections, especially in geriatric patients with indwelling catheters. These infections are a major source of antibiotic-resistant pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumonia Broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents like polyhexanide have been effective antimicrobial agents removing the catheter biofilm.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 0.02% polyhexanide solution and normal saline in decolonizing catheters compared to no intervention in geriatric patients requiring long-term lower urinary catheterization. The study included 40 patients with silicone catheters; 20 patients were irrigated with 0.02% polyhexanide solution and normal saline once weekly for four weeks, while no catheter intervention was performed in the other group of 20 patients (controls).
Urine cultures after four weeks showed a significant reduction in microbial count in catheterized patients irrigated with polyhexanide solution and normal saline compared to the no intervention group (p<0.05). The findings suggest that 0.02% polyhexanide solution with normal saline can effectively reduce bacterial load on catheters, potentially lowering catheter-associated urinary infections rates and minimizing antibiotic use thus avoiding antimicrobial resistance
Optimization of surplus electricity management from municipal photovoltaic systems: virtual storage vs battery systems
Full text linkThis study presents a comparative analysis of two models for managing surplus electricity generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems installed on eight municipal buildings in a Macedonian municipality. The first model is based on distributing the surplus electricity among 20 municipal buildings, utilizing them as a virtual storage to maximize local consumption of the generated electricity. The second model involves storing the surplus electricity in battery systems at each PV-equipped building and using the stored electricity the following day within the same building, while any surplus is sold on the market. For the purpose of the analysis, electricity consumption of the 28 municipal buildings and electricity production from the PV systems data were obtained from a municipal representative and allocated on an hourly basis using the standard load curve from EVN Macedonia and simulations performed with the licensed PV*SOL premium software. Financial analyses were conducted based on electricity prices from the HUPX electricity exchange for the year 2024. This study provides an assessment of the economic and technical advantages and drawbacks of both approaches, evaluating their impact on municipal energy independence, financial feasibility, and the optimization of renewable energy management
Icon Resin Infiltration for managing dental lesions - Case report
Full text linkIntroduction: Icon dental resin infiltration features microinvasive technology for removing spots that form when teeth are developing, defects caused by poor oral hygiene, possibly formed when a patient wear braces, or teeth with fluorosis or hypoplasia.
The aim of this paper is to present a clinical case of local hypoplasia treated using the resin infiltration technique, thus reviewing the mechanism of action and clinical procedure.
Case Description: A female patient aged 32 years reported a complaint of whitish patches on the front teeth. The patient was explained about various treatment options, and decided to be treated with Icon resin.
Results: The procedure was performed with currently available Icon Resin wich contains three components: Icon-Etch: 15% hydrochloric acid, Icon-Dry: 99% ethanol, Icon-Infiltrant: methacrylate-based resin matrix.
Discussion: Icon-Etch is the first step gently put onto the tooth surface and then allowed to sit for a period of 2 minutes, followed by a 30-second rinse with water.
Icon-Dry is the second step of the procedure. This step ensures adequate adhesion of the low-viscosity resin within the lesion. At the end we applied The Icon-Infiltration gel to the lesions and left to sit for 3 minutes. Before light curing, the excess resin was cleaned from the interdental spaces with a microbrush and dental floss.
Conclusion: It is a microinvasive procedure where etching only erodes 30 to 40 μm of enamel, which is then infiltrated with resin. Also can remove caries in lesions that are too advanced to be treated with fluoride.
Key words: Icon resin, local hypoplasia, carie
Up-to-date strategies in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Full text linkNon-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a prominent form of urinary bladder malignancy, necessitating ongoing and innovative treatment strategies to enhance patient outcomes. Recent advances have primarily focused on improving the efficacy of intravesical therapies, which are administered directly into the bladder. One significant innovation is the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have shown promising results in a subset of patients with NMIBC who have not responded adequately to conventional therapy. The introduction of agents like Atezolizumab and Nivolumab has been pivotal, targeting the PD-L1 pathway and thereby rekindling the body’s immune response to cancerous cells. Furthermore, the advent of novel formulations of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), such as intravesical therapies that combine multiple agents or utilize sustained-release mechanisms, has demonstrated enhanced efficacy while aiming to reduce side effects. This is vital since BCG is the historical cornerstone of NMIBC treatment, and its effectiveness has been hampered by decreased availability and varying therapeutic responses due to resistance. Additionally, new biomarkers are being researched to identify patients who are more likely to benefit from specific treatments or to predict progression toward muscle-invasive disease. This stratification could significantly optimize treatment pathways and support personalized medicine approaches. Advances in technology, such as photodynamic therapy and microwave hyperthermia, also hold potential in augmenting conventional treatment, demonstrating a commitment to an expanding arsenal against this prevalent disease. Overall, recent innovations in NMIBC treatment are poised to offer patients improved outcomes, reducing recurrence rates and enhancing the quality of life.
Keywords: bladder cancer, biomarkers, BCG, therapy, innovation
Интеграција на дигиталниот спектрофотометар во денталната медицина- нови можности за точност и квалитет
Full text linkАпстракт
Современата дентална медицина е во постојан технолошки напредок, преку интеграцијата на дигиталните технологии кои играат клучна улога во подобрувањето на точноста, ефикасноста и квалитетот на стоматолошките третмани. Еден од најзначајните напредоци во денталната медицина е употребата на дигиталниот спектрофотометар, кој овозможува објективно, брзо и репродуктивно одредување на бојата на забите. Традиционалните методи за одредувањето на бојата, како што се визуелното споредување со стандардни бои или употребата на класични водичи за бои (клучеви на бои), често се подложни на варијации поради субјективни фактори како што се осветлувањето во просторијата односно дали е природна дневна светлина или рефлектор, искуството на стоматологот, индивидуалната перцепција на бојата, обоеноста на просторијата каде што се одредува бојата, бојата на компресата како и доколку пациентите имаат кармин. Ова може да резултира со несоодветно одредување на боите, што е критично за успешноста на естетските стоматолошки третмани. Интеграцијата на дигиталниот спектрофотометар во денталната медицина овозможува прецизно мерење на бојата на забите преку анализа на светлосните спектри. Овој инструмент користи напредна технологија за регистрирање на различни бранови должини на светлината рефлектирана од површината на забот, овозможувајќи висока точност во одредувањето на нијансата, светлината и хроматичноста. Овие добиени податоци потоа се пренесуваат во стоматолошките лаборатории, овозможувајќи изработка на протетски реставрации (како што се коронки, фасети и мостови) со боја што совршено се усогласува со природните заби на пациентот.
Една од најголемите придобивки од дигиталните спектрофотометари е елиминирање на човекова грешка и подобрување на комуникацијата помеѓу стоматолозите и забните техничари. Ова значително го намалува бројот на корекции и повтони изработки на реставрации, што резултира со заштеда на време и финансиски средства како за стоматологот, така и за техничарот, а и за пациентот. Дополнително, оваа технологија овозможува архивирање, односно сочувување во посебно формати на податоците за бојата на забите на пациентите, што овозможува следење на промените со текот на времето и олеснување на идните третмани.
И покрај значителните придобивки, интеграцијата на дигиталниот спектрофотометар во стоматолошката пракса се соочува со одредени предизвици. Факторите како што се природното и вештачкото осветлување, состојбата на емајлот на забот и присуството на површински конкременти можат да влијаат врз точноста на мерењата и одредувањето на бојата со помош на дигиталните спектрофотометри. Поради ова, потребна е соодветна обука на стоматолозите и персоналот на заботехничките лаборатории со цел да се постигнат оптимални резултати.
Заклучно, дигиталниот спектрофотометар претставува еден револуционерен инструмен, односно значаен напредок што се применува во денталната медицина кој овозможува нови можности за зголемена точност, предвидливост и зголемен квалитет во естетските стоматолошки третмани. Неговата секојдневна примена значително го олеснува процесот на одредување на бојата, ја минимизира субјективноста и овозможува персонализирани решенија индивидуално за секој пациент. Со понатамошниот технолошки развој и усовршување, оваа технологија има потенцијал да стане стандард во современата стоматолошка пракса, обезбедувајќи високо естетски и функционални решенија за пациентите.
Клучни зборови:
естетика, боја, светлина, нијанса, хроматичнос
Modern Information and Communication Technology Platforms: Advancing SecuDroneComm Management
Full text linkThe rapid advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) solutions has significantly changed the landscape of secure communication systems, especially in scenarios involving unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and real-time data exchange. SecuDroneComm, a hybrid platform created for secure, low-latency communication between drones and command centers, represents an innovative management approach to tackling issues related to data security, latency, and scalability. This paper provides a thorough comparative analysis of SecuDroneComm alongside leading ICT platforms, including ITU-T X.805 frameworks, SmartNet architecture for energy systems, and federated global identity frameworks for mobile and wireless communications. By exploring these systems, we pinpoint essential design principles and innovations that have influenced secure management communication platforms, with a focus on encryption, data integrity, server architecture, and hybrid deployment strategies. The findings highlight the platform's flexibility in managing critical situations like battlefield intelligence, disaster response, and public health monitoring. Additionally, the analysis investigates possible improvements, such as the integration of 5G technologies, blockchain for data validation, and enhanced access control systems. SecuDroneComm’s cutting-edge architecture, which merges security with real-time responsiveness, provides notable benefits compared to both traditional and modern platforms, meeting the changing demands
Препевите на поезијата на Булент Еџевит на македонски јазик
Full text linkПрепевите на поезијата на Булент Еџевит на македонски јазик
Апстракт: Булент Еџевит (1925 – 2006) е истакнат политичар, новинар, поет и
преведувач од англиски јазик кој остави трајни траги во политичкиот, општествениот,
културниот, новинарскиот и книжевниот живот на Турција. Во неговата поезија се
опева човекот, природата, татковината, љубовта, надежта, правдата, рамноправноста,
слободата, мирот и слично.
Литературниот превод овозможува запознавање со книжевното богатство на
одреден народ и јазик. Во овој труд ќе се запознаеме со животниот пат на Булент Еџевит
кој се рефлектира во неговото творештво, со карактеристиките на неговата поезија и со
десет препеви на неговите лирски песни на македонски јазик.
Клучни зборови: Булент Еџевит, турска поезија, лирска поезија, препев на
поезија.
TRANSLATIONS OF BÜLENT ECEVİT’S POETRY INTO MACEDONIAN
Abstract: Bülent Ecevit, a prominent politician, journalist, poet and translator from
English, left a lasting imprint on the political, social, cultural, journalistic and literary life of
Turkey. His poetry engages with themes such as the human condition, nature, homeland, love,
hope, justice, equality, freedom, peace and similar themes.
Literary translation provides access to the literary heritage of a nation and its language.
This paper explores Ecevit’s life trajectory and its reflection in his creative work, the
characteristics of his poetry and presents ten translations of his lyrical poems into Macedonian.
Кеywords: Bülent Ecevit, Turkish poetry, lyric poetry, translation of poetr
The poetics of Macedonian folk poetry and the worldview that it reflects.
Full text linkThe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of two phenomena
depicted in Macedonian folk poetry: the specifics of the poetics of the
Macedonian folk love lyrics and the specific worldview, the system of
aesthetic and ethical values characteristic of the time in which this
poetry was created. The subject of our research is the folk poetry
created in 19th century (maybe something before and after that)
characteristic of the Macedonian people. The basis of the Macedonian
traditional music is Byzantine singing. One of the most characteristic
features of this singing is the singing with ison, in the traditional music
for this type of singing is used the term bordun. The rhythm of the
Macedonian folk songs is seven eight. Macedonian (love) folk lyric is
simple in language expression, but at the same time, rich in structure
and poetics in Schopenhauer`s sense: it is quite possible to be at once
simple and sublime. The key concepts characteristic for the
Macedonian folk love lyrics, which reflect the characteristic worldview
at that time, are: МЕРАК (a specific type of love that includes longing);
ЛИЧНО (an epithet that expresses the concept of beauty motivated by
the beauty of the face, which in turn is a reflection of the inner beauty
of the soul, often used in neutrum gender) and МИЛУВА (a verb that
denote love in whose essence is the concept of grace). The epithets
used to describe beloved are epithets of Christian virtues (КРОТКО /
КРОТКОСТ). Grace, as one of the key concepts in the Macedonian
folk lyrics, is also reflected in the use of special grammatical forms:
abundance of diminutive forms in naming and addressing and the use
of grammatical neutrum gender in verb forms congruent with a subject
both masculine and feminine (empathic neutrum gender, gender of
grace)
Analysis of North Macedonia’s Readiness to Implement European Legal Decisions: A Review Through the Prism of ECtHR Practice
Full text linkNorth Macedonia has gained the status of a candidate country to the EU membership in 2005, and has been working towards meeting the Copenhagen criteria (1993) for membership, focusing on political, economic, and legal reforms, including harmonizing its laws with EU standards. In this process, North Macedonia is assisted by the European Commission, whereby the Commission evaluates on a yearly level the country’s progress in all field of enlargement. In relation to that, the European Commission in its most recent Progress reports for North Macedonia for the years 2023 and 2024, concerning Chapter 23 on Judiciary and Fundamental rights, observed that the country’s legal framework on the protection of fundamental rights is only partially aligned with the EU acquis and European standards on fundamental rights. On these grounds, the paper will focus on the alignment of Macedonian law and legal system with EU law in the part of implementation of the ECHR and the Judgments of the ECtHR, having in mind the Union’s relation to the Convention and to its fundamental principles. In this paper to gain a more complete picture in the light of immigration, we will investigate the application of European law by national courts in two cases brought against North Macedonia, El-Masri and A.A. and Others, comparing the outcomes of these two cases and the impact they have on the Macedonian judiciary from an immigration point of view