Hemera Zoa
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PF-9 Seroprevalence of H5N1 Avian Influenza Subtype in Backyard Duck at Kampung Unggas Teruwai on Central Lombok District
Full text linkAvian influenza is one of the zoonotic diseases. Since 2003, H5N1 Avian Influenza subtype was circulated in Indonesia, affecting both intensively farmed birds as well as backyard chickens [1]. Duck is the reservoir of avian influenza viruses. Backyard duck may play a role in the maintenance of H5N1 avian influenza subtype.Kampung Unggas that located in Teruwai Village on Central Lombok District is one of the economic centers of a farmer on Lombok Islands and The Avian Influenza Virus is still the major problems in this village. H5 Avian Influenza was detected in quail at Central Lombok district in 2014 [2]. In 2017, Sentinel chicken were positive antibodies for H5 AIV with Geometric Mean Titer (GMT) = 24,29 at Kampus Unggas Teruwai [3].To know seroprevalence of H5N1 Avian Influenza subtype in duck as a reservoir and to understand the current situation of H5N1 Avian Influenza virus circulation in Kampung unggas, we conducted serosurvey study from Mei to April 2018 of backyard duck that lives together with chickens in Kampung Unggas
KIVMP-1 Prediksi Epitop OMP 36 kDa Brucella abortus Isolat Lokal terhadap Respon Imun Seluler
Full text linkBrucellosis pada hewan disebut Bang’s Disease atau Penyakit Keluron Menular disebabkan oleh bakteri yang tergolong genus Brucella, bersifat fakultatif intraselular sehingga pengobatan pada hewan yang terserang Brucellosis tidak efektif (Quinn et al., 2002). Brucellosis bersifat zoonosis dan pada sapi disebabkan oleh Brucella abortus. Brucellosis merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada dunia peternakan, karena Brucellosis dapat mengakibatkan kerugian ekonomi yang besar berupa abortus (keguguran) pada hewan yang sedang bunting (gravid), penurunan produksi susu, bahkan dapat mengakibatkan gangguan reproduksi baik yang besifat temporer maupun permanen (Noor, 2006). Menurut Hidayat (2010) Brucellosis menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi sebesar Rp. 385 miliar per tahun karena adanya keguguran, kematian pedet, sterilitas, infertilitas dan penurunan produksi susu.Kejadian Brucellosis di Indonesia cenderung semakin meningkat baik dari segi jumlah (tingkat prevalensi) maupun dalam penyebarannya (distribusi). Hal ini terjadi karena adanya perpindahan ternak dari satu daerah ke daerah lainnya, sehingga pada akhirnya dapat menjadi ancaman yang merugikan bagi perkembangan dibidang peternakan khususnya sapi perah.Penggunaan vaksin Brucella abortus S19 selama ini belum mencapai hasil yang optimal dalam upaya penanggulangan kasus Brucellosis pada sapi perah (Noor, 2006), diduga tingkat proteksi vaksin yang digunakan masih jauh dari harapan yaitu hanya sekitar 65 – 70%. Hal tersebut berdasarkan dari hasil evaluasi di lapangan, menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak ditemukan adanya kasus Brucellosis yang sangat tinggi pada peternakan sapi perah di Indonesia.OMP merupakan antigen potensial yang secara langsung dapat menginduksi respon imun humoral sehingga lebih cepat dapat memacu terbentuknya antibodi (Forestier et. al. 2005). OMP Brucella abortus yang terdiri dari kompleks asam amino merupakan peptida yang dapat bersifat sebagai epitop atau antigenic determinant, sehingga dapat dikembangkan sebagai kandidat vaksin untuk pemberantasan penyakit Brucellosis (Macedo et. al., 2011).Cloeckaert et al.,(2002) dan Salehi et al., (2003) melaporkan bahwa gen yang menyandi OMP 36 sampai 38 kDa adalah Omp2.). OMP pada bakteri Gram negatif bersifat imunogenik karena mampu menginduksi respon imun sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai komponen pengembangan vaksin subunit (Shomshekhar et. al., 2014).Penggunaan bakteri Brucella abortus yang berasal dari isolat lokal baik untuk seed vaksin maupun bahan diagnostik saat ini sedang dikembangkan karena selain untuk mengurangi ketergantungan impor juga sama dengan penyebab penyakit di lapangan. OMP 36 kDa Brucella abortus isolat lokal mempunyai sifat sebagai bahan yang imunogenik dan protektif seperti yang dilaporkan oleh Handijatno dan Tyasningsih (2014) bahwa OMP Brucella abortus isolat lokal yang mempunyai reaktivitas tinggi adalah OMP dengan berat molekul 36 kDa. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas maka perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui prediksi epitop yang merupakan faktor virulensi pada OMP 36 kDa Brucella abortus isolat lokal
KIVSL-1 Anestesi Kombinasi pada Badak Sumatra: Prosedur Awal Koleksi Sperma menggunakan Elektroejakulator
Full text linkBadak Sumatra (Dicerorhinus sumatraensis) merupakan salah satu satwa liar yang populasinya didunia semakin menurun dengan status konservasinya Critically endangered atau sangat terancam punah. Populasi badak Sumatra saat ini adalah kurang dari 100 ekor (Miller PS et al. 2015). Penurunan populasi badak sumatra diakibatkan oleh beberapa hal yaitu perburuan liar, perdagangan ilegal, perusakan atau degradasi habitat, perambahan hutan dan sifat intrinsik Badak Sumatra (Alikodra 2002). Kondisi tersebut mendorong pakar satwa liar baik dalam negeri ataupun luar negeri untuk membuat suatu penangkaran (suaka/sanctuary) semi insitu di Taman Nasional Way Kambas (TNWK). TNWK adalah salah satu habitat terbaik dari Badak Sumatra untuk tetap hidup dan berkembang biak. Suaka Rhino Sumatra (SRS) penangkaran semi insitu yang terletak di zona khusus Taman Nasional Way Kambas, Lampung Timur. SRS beroperasi pada tahun 1998, bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dan meningkatkan populasi Badak Sumatra melalui program breeding secara intensif baik alami maupun menggunakan teknologi reproduksi. Saat ini SRS memiliki 7 ekor badak, 4 ekor betina dan 3 ekor jantan. Salah satu kegiatan rutin dalam hal teknologi reproduksi yang dilakukan adalah koleksi sperma pada badak jantan produktif di SRS. Sperma yang dikoleksi akan disimpan dalam nitrogen cair dan akan digunakan untuk inseminasi buatan pada badak betina yang sulit dilakukan breeding secara alami.Salah satu prosedur penting dalam kegiatan koleksi sperma adalah prosedur anestesi yang tepat. Anestesi merupakan suatu keadaan hilangnya rasa dari suatu rangsangan, dengan demikian hewan menjadi lebih tenang, hilangnya reflex, relasasi otot dan kehilangan respon nyeri sehingga akan mempermudah tindakan diagnostik, terapeutik dan pembedahan. Anestesi yang ideal merupakan anestesi yang menghasilkan keadaan analgesia, sedasi, relaksasi, aman untuk kondisi fisiologis tubuh serta mudah dalam pengaplikasiannya (Fossum 1997 dalam Sudisma et al. 2012). Anestesi yang digunakan dalam prosedur koleksi sperma adalah anestesi kombinasi dari beberapa jenis sediaan anestesi yaitu butorphanol, medetomidine, dan ketamin
KIVSL-2 Pengaruh Keberadaan Jaringan Fibroid pada Saluran Reproduksi Badak Sumatera Betina terhadap Potensi Kebuntingannya
Full text linkBadak Sumatera (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) merupakan salah satu dari 5 spesies badak di dunia yang hampir mengalami kepunahan. Saat ini, badak Sumatera hanya bisa ditemukan dikedalaman hutan hujan tropis pulau Sumatera dan Kalimantan. Pada Tahun 2015, berdasarkan hasil pertemuan PVA (Poppulation Viability Analysis) Badak Sumatera, diketahui bahwa jumlah individu badak Sumatera di dunia adalah kurang dari 100 individu. Beberapa penyebab penurunan populasi badak Sumatera di alam antara lain adalah perburuan, kehilangan habitat, bencana alam, tidak mampu berkembang biak (intrinsik), perubahan iklim, serta adanya spesies invasif (Hermes et al. 2014).Suaka Rhino Sumatera (SRS) merupakan salah tempat penangkaran badak Sumatera di dunia yang dibangun sejak tahun 1996. Misi utama SRS adalah sebagai salah satu breeding centre badak sumatera dengan upaya pengembangbiakan yang intensif. Penangkaran ini terletak di dalam kawasan hutan Taman Nasional Way Kambas dengan luas sekitar 100 Ha. SRS memiliki habitat semi in situ dengan topografi, vegetasi, dan juga pakan alami yang dibuat sesuai dengan habitat badak Sumatera. Saat ini SRS memiliki 7 ekor badak dengan perbandingan 4 ekor jantan dan 3 ekor betina. Kesehatan organ reproduksi badak jantan dan badak betina menjadi faktor penting dalam upaya pengembangbiakannya. Selain itu, waktu penggabungan badak yang tepat sesuai siklusnya akan menjadi faktor penting lainnya untuk mencapai keberhasilan program breeding ini. Rosa dan Andalas adalah salah satu pasangan badak Sumatera yang sudah mulai dikenalkan satu sama lain sejak tahun 2010. Rosa adalah badak Sumatera betina yang ditangkap dan dibawa ke SRS pada tahun 2005 dari Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan sedangkan Andalas adalah badak Sumatera jantan yang lahir di kebun binatang Cinncinati, Amerika Serikat dan mulai tinggal di SRS sejak 2007. Andalas adalah salah satu badak jantan di SRS yang sudah terbukti memiliki keturunan sedangkan Rosa adalah badak betina yang belum pernah memiliki keturunan. Saat ini Andalas berumur 16 tahun sedangkan Rosa diperkirakan telah berumur 17 tahun (estimasi). Program breeding memiliki kesulitan selain karena penebalan selaput hymen dari Rosa, juga kerena adanya fibroid pada saluran reproduksinya. Fibroid atau mioma uteri, merupakan neoplasia jinak pada bagian dinding uteri yang terbentuk dari jaringan otot polos uterus dan jaringan fibrosa (Miller et al, 2014). Fibroid ini muncul diduga karena tingginya paparan hormon estrogen selama usia reproduktif (Umamageswari et al. 2015). Fibroid telah dideteksi sejak tahun 2014 dan ukurannya semakin bertambah setiap tahun. Keberadaan jaringan ini diduga menjadi salah satu faktor sulitnya badak Rosa untuk bereproduksi. Tulisan ini dibuat bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh jaringan fibroid ini terhadap potensi kebuntingan badak Rosa selama masa reproduksi
SA-11 The Total Count of CPS on Hand Holding Dog Swab in UNAIR Animal Hospital, Before and After Cleaning based on Islamic Rules and Cleaning Using Soap
Full text linkPurify our self from the dirt is highly regarded in Islamic principles because that is one of legitimate requirements of a worship. In Islamic law, dogs are classified including into the severe unclean category, where there are some perspectives against the nature of unclean possess by dog. The way of purification is to wash as much seven times, and one of them using soil (Handi, 2008).Essentially, the unclean determination for dog saliva is viewed from ritual dimensions, instead of rational, thus there should be no reason logically. Furthermore, we cannot mix the concept of holiness according to the religion with a sterile concept if we relate to the medical side. However, as far as we know the sacred way, surely there is a great secret that Our Creator has saved, thus we need to explore more deeply.The means of transmitting pathogenic germs has been realized since the 1840s, where proper hand hygiene can reduce or prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infections. Dobson (2003) mentioned that washing hands can prevent more than 1 million deaths per year due to illness diarrhea, while washing hands with soap can reduce diarrhea up to 47%.Jayne (2002) who compared the number of bacteria that successfully grown from the saliva of dogs, cats and humans, mentioned that bacteria in dog saliva had the largest number with 53 colonies, while cats had 16 and human with 5 colonies. The bacteria derived from dog saliva have the fastest grow and the most varied colonies colors.Staphylococcus sp. is a normal flora that we can find on the skin, ears, swabs of nasal mucosa and mouth, also saliva of dog. This bacterium includes into opportunistic pathogens bacteria that can cause canine pyoderma, abscesses, otitis externa, infection of wound and urinary tract in dogs. In humans, they can cause external otitis, cardiomyopathy and endocarditis, food poisoning outbreaks, catheterrelated bacteremia, pneumonia and brain abscesses (Borjesson, 2014). S.intermedius and S.aureus are bacteria belonging to the Coagulase Positive Staphylococci (CPS) group which plays an important role in cases of skin infections in dogs and they are zoonotic (Hajek, 1967). Tanner et al (2000), reported that this bacterial transmission through pets to humans is a common case at home and inflict various diseases on dog owners.In Indonesia, limited studies of various causative agents of diseases makes we lack to know whether the cause of the various diseases that are currently emerging. Thus, the efforts of preventive that should be more necessary to do rarely get a serious attention. Whereas very possible, that our lovely pet is one of the source of the various diseases transmissions because of less precise of biosafety.There is no further proof yet, whether the concept of Islamic purification for saliva of dog also includes the concept of sterility against bacteria based on medical guidance. As an early stage, this paper will be elaborated how the total of CPS from hand swab holder dogs at Animal Hospital of Education, Airlangga University, Surabaya, before and after purification with soil according to Islamic principles and cleaning using soap
SA-13 Scabiosis (Notoedres cati) in Cat
Full text linkFeline scabies also referred as Notedric mange (Notoedres cati). This diseases is highly contagious skin disease. The symptom of this disease is a severe and relentless itch include a skin rash composed of small red bumps and blisters on the specific areas such as face, ear, neck, paws pads and spreading to the rest of the body. This disease was very contagious for cats and kittens which can opportunistically infest other mammals, including human (Griffin et al., 1993).Notoedres mites are closely related to Sarcoptic mites of dogs and thus the two infestations have some similarity. Both the conditions typically begin with itchy crusts and scales on the ear margins. The Notoedric mange progresses to involve the face and ultimately covers the entire body, if the skin disease was ignored. (Scott et al.,2001). Three cats in the present study had mange lesions covering the entire body.The characteristic itching and hair loss pattern was often all that was needed to diagnose Notoedric mange in the cat (Griffin et al., 1993). Scraping of the crusty skin examined, revealed all stages of Notoedres cati mite (from ova to adult) in the present study and confirmed the diagnosis. Notoedres mites are smaller than Sarcoptes, have ‘thumb print’-like dorsal striations, shorter limb stalks and a dorsal anus compared with the terminal anus, dorsal pegs and spines seen on Sarcoptes species (Scott et al. 2001). The mites were identified as per the reports of Walker (1994) based on their shape and the presence of dorsal anus, which distinctly differentiated the Notoedres cati from Sarcoptes sp. The present report describes case of notoedric mange I two cats and successful management with ivermectin therapy
AQ-8 Detection of the Foot and Mouth Disease in Buffalo Meat Originating From India with the Reverse-Transcription PCR Method
Full text linkThe foot and mouth disease (FMD) is still a major issue in the world of animal health. To date, not many countries are free from FMD; Indonesia is a country that has been FMD-free since 1986 and has been acknowledged by the World Animal Health Organization (OIE) from 1990. This success was not easily obtained, as a huge amount of energy, funds, and thoughts were expended over a period of nearly one hundred years. The regional situation in Asia at present is still a huge threat to the potential of FMD entry. Malaysia, Thailand, and India are risks for the re-entry of the disease to Indonesia.There are constant efforts to smuggle meat in from regional Asian countries. The eastern coast of Sumatra is still a favorite area for importing meat illegally from countries not yet FMD-free. Moreover, the import of frozen boneless meat from FMD-free zones in India is still a threat and could potentially spread FMD to our country. Therefore, there need to be anticipation efforts and an early detection ability to identify the FMD virus which might be carried by imported meat. The meat that enters illegally and comes from FMD-free zones in India has the potential for bringing and spreading FMD; The lack of a specific method to be used as a tool for detection of FMD through imported or illegal meat.The purpose of this method development activity is to acquire a suitable, quick, and highly accurate method in detection of FMD which might be carried by imported or illegal meat; one of these methods is assessment using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). This method is expected to become a standard method in FMD testing in the Agricultural Quarantine Agency
AQ-9 Identification of Sumateran Wild Boar Meat (Sus scrofa vittatus) by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) Analysis of Cytochrome b Gene
Full text linkSumateran wild boars have been super abundant in Sumateran forest. In Indonesia, this wildlife condition has led to the exploitation for commercial purpose. The high number of Sumateran wild boars population increases wild boar hunting resulting in an abundant availability of wild boar meat in the food market with extremely cheap price. The macroscopic similarity of wild boar meat and beef has prompted the local people to abuse this situation by selling wild boar meat in traditional market as beef. Based on annual record from Cilegon Class II Quarantine Office in 2014, there were nine smuggling cases or a total of 21.556 kg of wild boar meat smuggling effort that were prevented by Cilegon Quarantine officers. The number of food safety concerns related to smuggling of wild boar or counterfeiting beef with wild boar is a very detrimental condition for consumers, especially consumers in traditional markets.The checking of genuineness or validity of food products is an important effort to protect people from consuming unhealthy food and to indicate whether the food is halal or not. Studies of meat detection should be continuously developed as an effort to protect consumers. Genetic method is the most specific and sensitive method to check food ingredients authenticity by detecting the presence of genetic material or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). It results from the specific character of the structure of DNA particles and the possibility of using the information included in them. The most frequent loci used for species identificationin phylogenetics and biodiversity studies are mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b).Genetic method is the most specific and sensitive tool for analyzing the authenticity of food ingredients in a molecular level by means of detecting the presence of genetic material or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). One of the various methods could be used to detect genetic material is polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Specifically, one of such method frequently used in food industry to observe animal derived product fabrication is PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). PCR-RFLP is based on the comparison of the bands profile generated after certain enzymes digest the DNA target. PCR-RFLP is appropriate for meat testing due its ability in exploiting sequence variation in designated DNA region that allows species differentiation even from closely related species through DNA fragment restrictions selected by suitable restriction enzyme. PCR-RFLP is advantageous since it is simple, cheaper, and easier to be adjusted for routine big-scale studies such as surveillance program
JSPS-1 Overview of Foot and Mouth Disease Control in Thailand and Southeast Asia
Full text linkFoot and mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in many countries of Africa, the Middle East and Asia, and FMD-free countries face greater risk of incursions due to increased global movement and trade of livestock and animal [1]. In the Southeast Asia and China (SEACFMD) roadmap, the framework supports member countries to consider and improve their Progressive Control Pathway (PCP-FMD) stages (0-5) of FMD control and applies the FMD Official Control Programme recognized by OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health)
