Biotropic : The Journal of Tropical Biology
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Pengaruh Ekstrak Kulit Durian (Durio zibethinus) terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Patogen pada tanaman Kentang (Phytophthora infestans) Secara In Vitro
Full text linkTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak kulit buah durian terhadap pertumbuhan jamur patogen pada tanaman kentang secara in vitro. Metode yang digunakan adalah eskperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan variabel manipulasi berupa dosis ekstrak yaitu 15%, 25%, 50% dan 75%, kontrol positif menggunakan Dithane M-45 dan kontrol negatif menggunakan aquadest. Variabel respon yang diamati berupa diameter pertumbuhan jamur patogen tanaman kentang (Phytophthora infestans). Prosedur penelitian meliputi pembuatan ekstrak kulit durian dilanjutkan uji aktifitas antijamur. Data dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil). Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak maka daya hambat pertumbuhan jamur juga semakin besar. Daya hambat ekstrak terhadap pertumbuhan jamur pada konsentrasi ekstrak 50% merupakan yang tertinggi dibandingkan konsentrasi ekstrak lainnya yaitu sebesar 77,3%. Berdasarkan uji anova diperoleh nilai signifikasi yaitu 0,000 (<0,05) dan nilai F sebesar 570,542 artinya ada pengaruh pemberian ekstrak kulit durian terhadap pertumbuhan isolat jamur patogen pada tanaman kentang, sedangkan berdasarkan uji BNT diperoleh hasil bahwa masing-masing konsentrasi berbeda nyata dalam menghambat pertumbuhan isolat jamur patogen pada kentang. Sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pemberian ekstrak kulit durian dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur patogen pada tanaman kentang secara in vitro
Perubahan Kualitas Sperma Mencit (Mus musculus) Yang Terpapar Asap Rokok Elektrik
Full text linkSmoking is one of the habits that can affect human health. One type of cigarette that is currently the choice is electric cigarettes. The e-cigarette content includes nicotine, propylene glycol, flavorings and glycerin. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exposure to e-cigarette smoke on mice strain balb / c with the parameters of the number of spermatozoa. This study used 15 male mice which were 8-10 weeks old and weighed 25-30 grams of male mice which were divided into 3 treatment groups namely control group, treatment group one and treatment group two. In the control group no exposure to cigarette smoke was carried out while in the treatment group one was exposed to cigarette smoke in mice with a dose of 0 mg nicotine and the second treatment group was exposed to e-cigarette smoke at a dose of 18 mg nicotine. Electric cigarette smoke exposure is carried out for 30 days using a suction device from a syringe. The exposure of cigarette smoke is carried out every day with successive doses of 20 times as much as 3 times with a time lag of 10 minutes (5 minutes the chamber is closed and 5 minutes of the chamber is opened). The results showed that the average number of spermatozoa in the control group was 16.816 million / ml. The average number of spermatozoa in treatment one was 10.432 million / ml and the average number of spermatozoa in treatment two was 5.234 million / ml. This shows that exposure to cigarette smoke can reduce the number of spermatozoa from the control group to the first treatment by 42.56% and the second treatment shows a decrease from the first group by 34.65%
Taxonomy of Crustose Lichens in The Forest of Tahura R. Soeryo, Batu, East Java
Full text linkLichen is a symbiotic organism consisting of a photobiont (green algae or cyanobacterium) and a mycobiont (fungal). A taxonomic study of the crustose lichens in the forest of TAHURA R. Soeryohad been conducted based on morphological, anatomical, and chemical characters. In this research, we used the method of descriptive exploration to identify the crustose lichens and to study the distribution of the species in the forest of TAHURA R. Soeryo. Twenty species of crustose lichens with one unidentified species and one specimen identified to the group of family are reported. They are Graphina, Graphis, Phaeographis, Pertusaria, Pachyphiale, Phlyctis, Lepraria, Lecanora, Lecania, Cyphellium, and Megalospora. This research also found the new record species of Megalospora kalbii in Java. Crustose lichens are found in the areas with high light intensity of ≥ 1000 lux, average humidity of ≤ 90%, average temperature of18-190C, and at altitudes of ±1640 dpl. Graphina ruiziana could only be found at the altitude of ± 1780 dpl. The identification key to its species and distributions of other species are presented also in the article
Inventarisasi Tumbuhan Pionir Lahan Bekas Tambang Kapur Di Kecamatan Rengel Kabupaten Tuban Jawa Timur
Full text linkEnvironmental damage included the limestone mining process would remove the topsoil layer, reduce fertility, reduce microbial diversity and eliminate the vegetation that growth above it. Naturally, pioneer plants could grow to replace lost plants. Pioneer plants can be used as a reference for land recovery because these plants could grow on damaged land because they are associated with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). In addition, the presence of pioneer plants could inhibit soil erosion due to its root ability to hold the soil from scouring water. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the initial natural succession process, namely the pioneer post-limestone mining community. This research was conducted by purposive random sampling method at three mining locations, namely Banjaragung Village, 5 years after mine, Maibit Village, 8 years after mine, and Rengel Village, 7 years after mine. Samples were taken for each of the 10 plots of 1x1 m size. The results of this study obtained 5 types of plants with the highest INP, namely: Lamium barbatum, Chromolena odoratum, Tridax procumbens, Waltheria indica, and Digitaria sanguinalis. While the highest diversity index is in the Village of Maibit, Rengel Sub-District, Tuban Regency after 8 years post-mining, which is 2.54
Indeks Kualitas Perairan dan Fitoplankton Periode Ramadan di Situ Gintung, Tangerang Selatan, Banten
Full text linkThe behavior of the Indonesian Muslim community has changed in the month of Ramadan and will affect the anthropogenic waste that enters the lake ecosystem. The study was conducted in Situ Gintung Lake, South Tangerang City, in the period before (BR), time (DR) and after (AR) Ramadan 2015. The aims of study was to determine (i) the chemical, physical and water quality using the water quality index (WQI), (ii) phytoplankton classification using codons, pollution and Saprobit indices and (iii) the correlation of chemical and physical of waters with phytoplankton. Water temperature, transparency, TDS and conductivity have significant differences (ANOVA, p < 0.05) in all periods except pH, DO and NPP (p > 0.05) with WQI was a medium to good categories. Classification of phytoplankton codons, algae and Saprobit pollution indices values showed that Situ Gintung had meso to eutrophic categories and showed contamination in all periods, respectively. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) shows that phytoplankton correlate with BOD5.
 
Identification of Bryophytes in Jumog Waterfall, Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia
Full text linkIndonesia, as a mega-biodiversity country, has a high diversity of bryophytes (Liverworts, Hornworts, and Mosses). In addition, a waterfall is one of the most optimum places for bryophytes to life. One of many waterfalls in Indonesia is Jumog Waterfall. It is located in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java. This study aimed to know the diversity of bryophytes in Jumog Waterfall, identify the species, and analyze the genetic relationship through the species based on morphological characters. The explorative method was used to collect the samples. Identification of species was done by comparing samples to the handbook of identification. The results were; (1) there were fifteen species that found in Jumog Waterfall; (2) The highest similarity among species was 90%. They were grouped in genus Fissidentales, Order Dicranales, and Order Hypnobryales. Then, The lowest similarity was 30.8%. They were between Funaria hygrometrica and Riccia fliutans. It distinguished liverwort, hornwort, and mosse
Potensi Ekstrak Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) Sebagai Spray Untuk Pemulihan Luka Mencit Diabetik Yang Terinfeksi Staphylococcus aureus
Full text linkAgeratum conyzoides L. leaf has the main compound of flavonoids and alkaloids that contribute to accelerate the healing process of diabetic ulcers with Staphylococcus aureus infection that can affect the quality of life of patients. This study aims to test the leaves of Ageratum conyzoides L. on the recovery of diabetic ulcers of mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus. The method used is the extraction of Ageratum conyzoides L leaves as the material of spray 15%, induction of diabetic compound (Alloxan monohydrate), length wound (1cm) and bacterial infections, and spray application with 1 times daily frequency, 2 times daily, 3 times a day for 9 days. The results showed that the lenght of wounds in group A, B, C, D, and E were 0,5; 0,8; 0,4; 0,2; 0,0. The administration of Ageratum conyzoides L. spray which has active flavonoide substances, alkaloid substance, and saponin substances has an effect on decreased length of diabetic wounds and restoration of dermis tissue structure (increases epithelial cells proliferation, initiates fibroblast cells, and stimulates type 1 collagen). Spray treatment 3 times a day (group E) was more influential than the other treatments, which experienced wound closure in 9 days. Thus, Ageratum conyzoides L. leaf spray is potential for therapy of diabetic ulcers infected with Staphylococcus aureus
Identifikasi dan Prevalensi Telur Cacing Parasit pada Feses Sapi (Bos sp.) yang Digembalakan di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sampah (TPAS) Tamangapa Makassar
Full text linkGrazing the cows not only on the grass, but today there are at landfill. This study aimed to determine the type of parasitic worms in cow feces and to determine the prevalence of worm eggs in the feces of cattle in pastored around the landfill Tamangapa Makassar. Identification qualitatively using flotation method, whereas quantitative using Mc. Master method. The identification results obtained from 25 samples of cow feces, there are 3 types of positive samples containing worm eggs Oesophagostomum sp. and Cooperia sp. using the floating method. While using Mc. Master method showed nothing of the worm eggs
Utilization of Rice Straw, Micro-organisms Effective and Probiotics to Replace Chemical Fertilizers in Fishing Enterprises
Full text linkRice straw is a by-product obtained from the harvest of rice. The purpose of this research is to process rice straw into organic fertilizer so it can be used as food source for fishery business. The method used is the experimental method in the field. The results of research that has been done is processing of rice straw able to produce Nitrate (NO3) and zooplankton as a source of organic material that serves as a source of food for fish so that rice straw can serve as a substitute for chemical fertilizer in the fishery business area. By using organic materials, then the fishery business results are more hygienic for consumption and can improve the fishery business
Identifikasi Senyawa Aktif dari Ekstrak Daun Jambu Air (Syzygium aqueum) dengan Perbandingan Beberapa Pelarut pada Metode Maserasi
Full text linkDaun jambu air (Syzygium aqueum) dikenal sebagai salah satu obat tradisional, untuk menyembuhkan beberapa infeksi akibat antigen berupa bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa aktif yang terdapat dalam daun jambu air dengan beberapa pelarut pada proses maserasi. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ekstraksi dingin berupa maserasi dengan pemilihan pelarut yakni metanol (CH3OH), etil asetat dan n-heksana. Uji fitokimia yang dilakukan adalah uji saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid dan triterpenoid/steroid. Dari uji yang dilakukan diketahui sampel ekstrak daun jambu air dengan pelarut metanol positif mengandung beberapa senyawa aktif berupa flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid dan triterpenoid. Ekstrak daun jambu air dengan pelarut etil asetat dan n-heksana positif mengandung beberapa senyawa aktif berupa flavonoid, alkaloid dan triterpenoid. Pelarut yang paling bagus untuk mendapatkan banyak senyawa aktif adalah metanol.
Kata kunci : Jambu air (Syzygium aqueum), maserasi, senyawa akti