Biotropic : The Journal of Tropical Biology
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Produksi Biomassa, Analisis Nutrisi dan Senyawa Bioaktif Jamur Grigit (Schizophyllum commune)
Full text linkSchizophyllum commune, a wild edible mushroom, has gained significant attention due to its potential as a valuable source of biomass, nutrients, and bioactive compounds. This study aims to explore the production of mycelial biomass and analyze its nutrient and bioactive compound content to be applied as a raw material in food production. The Schizophyllum commune was cultivated in potato dextrose broth media with temperature (25, 30, 35, and 40oC) and pH treatments (3, 7, and 8) to determine the optimal conditions for biomass production. Mycelia biomass was harvested and extracted. Nutrient and bioactive compounds were analyzed. Results showed that 30oC and pH 7 give the highest biomass production. Proximate analysis revealed that the mushroom's mycelia biomass contained high protein, low fat, and fiber. The analysis also demonstrated a rich profile of bioactive compounds, including flavonoid and phenolic compounds, respectively1 2,32 ± 0,95 dan 415,72 ± 15,23 g/100 g mycelia dry weight. Schizophyllum commune exhibits promising prospects for mycelial biomass production
Karakteristik Bakteri Pendegradasi Bahan Pangan Asal Saluran Pencernaan Kecoa Amerika (Periplaneta americana) dari Pasar Tradisional
Full text linkAmerican cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is one of the most common pests found in houses, apartments, and public facilities such as markets. As vector insects, cockroaches have symbiosis with microorganisms. Some of these microorganisms can live in cockroaches' cuticles and digestive tracts. Besides being able to pose a danger to human health, the microbes in cockroach bodies also have the potential to cause food damage. This study aimed to determine the diversity of microorganisms originating from the digestive tract of the American cockroach and their potential to cause food spoilage. The research was conducted in several stages: sampling cockroaches at a traditional market, isolating bacteria from the digestive tract of cockroaches, qualitatively testing amylolytic, proteolytic, and lipolytic potentials, and characterizing bacterial isolate by morphologically and biochemically character. The results showed that there were 26 isolates of bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of American cockroaches from the market, 62.96% of the isolates were found to have the ability to degrade protein, 37.04% of the isolates had the ability to degrade starch, and 40.74% of the total isolates can degrade fat. These isolates had various morphological and biochemical characteristics. Bacterial isolates derived from American cockroaches from traditional markets have the potential to degrade food
Gambaran Kualitas Lingkungan Sungai Cimandiri Akibat Cemaran Merkuri di Wilayah Penambangan Emas Skala Kecil (PESK) Kabupaten Sukabumi
Full text linkIn Indonesia, ASGM has increased. This results in an increased risk of mercury pollution in the environment (Minamata Initial Assessment Report, 2019). The amalgamation process for ASGM in Sukabumi, it used mercury as basic material for amalgamation process. It can increase to negative impacts on the environment and humans. This study aims to describe the impact of mercury contamination on the environmental quality of the Cimandiri River around ASGM in Sukabumi District. This research was conducted using a laboratory test method with reference to PP No. 22 at 2021 and SNI 7387 at 2009. The results of the tests found that the highest mercury exposure occurred in aquatic biota (catfish, snakehead and eel) which exceeded the quality standard, although the media water and sediment does not exceed the quality standard. This indicates that the quality of the Cimandiri River is unsafe for biota due to mercury contamination in local biota around ASGM. Therefore, there is a need for further studies on the safety of local food products from the Cimandiri River
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Mikroorganisme Endofit Akar Ginseng Jawa (Talinum paniculatum Gaertn.) Yang Diberi Perlakuan Perbedaan Ketersedian Air
Full text linkA medicinal plant known as Java ginseng (Talinum paniculatum Gaertn.) may thrive in a variety of water availability situations. The quantity of endophytic bacteria a plant contains affects its capacity to survive in stressful environments. The objective of this study was to identify and separate endophytic bacteria from Javanese ginseng roots that had undergone various water availability treatments. A description method was utilized, in which isolated isolates were given morphological descriptions, assessed for similarity indexes, and then categorized. Endophytic microbe abundance and diversity varied according to this study, but plants treated with water scarcity displayed higher abundance and diversity. While endophytes of plant origin treated with 60% field capacity (FC) had the maximum diversity, root samples treated with 80% (FC) had the highest microbial abundance. Ten species groupings were created from the 42 isolated isolates based on a coefficient value of > 70%
Karakteristik Bakteri Endofit Akar Tanaman Kedelai Penghasil Hormon Tumbuh IAA
Full text linkThe increase in soybean production and productivity has become a significant focus in the effort to meet global food demands. The use of environmentally friendly agricultural technologies and practices is a vigorously pursued strategy. Endophytic bacteria are one of the potential bioagents that can stimulate plant growth. The ability of endophytic bacteria to synthesizing the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) can be an alternative in the effort to enhance soybean plant productivity and ensure long-term agricultural sustainability. The objective of this study is to analyze diversity and ability of endophytic bacteria isolated from soybean roots to produce IAA. This research was conducted through several stages, including the isolation of endophytic bacteria from soybean root, evaluating the isolates' ablity for IAA production, and characterizing potential isolates based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. This research indicated that a total of 11 endophytic bacteria isolates were obtained from soybean plant roots. Among them, four isolates, namely EAK4, EAK5, EAK6, and EAK8, demonstrated the capability to synthesizing IAA ranging from 35.46 to 44.56 ppm. These isolates showed various macroscopic and microscopic characteristics and hold promise as biological agents that promote planth growth
Analisis Mikrobiologi Dengke Naniura Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio L) Terhadap Pengaruh Konsentrasi Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC)
Full text linkDengke naniura is a traditional fermented food made from carp which is often consumed in the traditional ceremonies of the Batak people. This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) the best concentration of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) on microbes in dengke naniura. The method used in this research is an experimental method. The experimental design that will be used is a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 4 variations of andaliman concentrations of 0 g (A0), 25 g (A1), 27.5 g (A2), 30 ( A3). Dengke naniura’s microbial testing was carried out at the Samudra University Laboratory. The best concentration after addition andaliman to the microbial colonies that appeared after incubation was at the A3 (30 g) concentration. The number of microbes that can be counted on the addition 30 g andaliman is 3.66 x 104 colonies/g had met the standardization of SNI for food maximum 5.0 x 105 colonies/g
Penentuan Tipe Inhibisi Senyawa Analog Kurkumin CA2 terhadap Enzim α-Glukosidase dari Beras Lapuk
Full text linkDiabetes is a health problem that exists throughout the world, especially in Indonesia. Based on data compiled from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2017, people with diabetes in Indonesia reached 10.3 million people, and if not handled properly it is suspected that there will be an increase to 21.3 million people in 2030. Curcumin analog compounds can used for the treatment of diabetes by inhibiting the enzyme α-glucosidase. The curcumin analog compound used in this study was synthesized from 4 methoxybenzaldehyde with cyclopentanone which was then called the CA2 compound. The α-glucosidase enzyme used in this study was obtained through extraction of weathered rice with an optimum pH of 4.5 and the enzyme extract fraction used was fraction II which had the highest activity compared to fractions I and III. The results showed that the values of the kinetic parameters Km and Vmax of the extracted α-glucosidase enzyme were 1.53 mM and 0.03 U/mL, respectively. The Km kinetic parameter value changed to 1.66 Mm while the Vmax value did not change when the α-glucosidase enzyme was inhibited by CA2 compound, so that the type of inhibition shown by CA2 compound was competitive
Pengaruh Pemberian Infusa Albedo Semangka terhadap Perubahan Ukuran Diameter Pulau Langerhans Pankreas Tikus Jantan (Rattus norvegicus) Diabetes Mellitus
Full text linkDiabetes Mellitus condition (DM) correlates with the damage that occur in pancreas especially in Langerhans islets, one of the damage indicators is diameter changes of Langerhans islets that getting smaller compare with the normal sizes. The use of natural ingredients to control diabetes mellitus can be done by infusing sweet beauty watermelon albedo which can be found abundant in traditional market. Albedo layer of watermelon contain antioxidant compounds that can help to regenerate Langerhans islets of pancreas. This study purpose was to know the effect of giving watermelon’s infusion albedo to diameter of Langerhans islets in diabetes mellitus rats (Rattus norvegicus), and analyze the potential process occurred based on the result as information source for other research. This study used 25 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) as animal model with 5 groups treatment which were normal group, positive group as control (DM without treatment), A group (DM+1000 mg/kgBB watermelon’s infusions albedo), B group (DM+1500 mg/kgBB watermelon’s infusions albedo), and C group (DM+2000 mg/kgBB watermelon’s infusions albedo). After all the treatments, the rats were anesthetized and dissected and then their pancreas was taken. The pancreas was processed into histological slides by fixing the pancreas in a fixative solution (10% formalin) then dehydrated in a series of graded ethanol and embedded in paraffin wax, cut at a thickness of 4 µm, and finally stained with hematoxylin-eosin dye for microscopic observation, according to the stages Histopathological analysis of the gonads was examined using standard methods. Data was collected by measuring the size of Langerhans islets with microscope Olympus CX33 and connected to the raster image application. Data results from this study indicate that watermelon’s infusion albedo had effect to increase the diameter of Langerhans islets of rat with diabetes mellitu
The Ability of Secondary Metabolites from Actinomadura sp. as COVID-19 Protease Inhibitor: In Silico Method
Full text linkThe pandemic of COVID-19 disease in the late of 2019 resulted in the massive screening for drug discovery purpose. However, there is still no reports about the ability of natural products from bacterial group of class Actinobacteria as COVID-19 inhibitor. The aim of this research is to identify the potential ability of natural compounds from Actinomadura sp., the member of class Actinobacteria, against two receptors of COVID-19 protease with PDB ID 6LU7 and 5R7Y. The eleven natural compounds were docked using AutoDock Vina and the interaction between receptor and ligands were analysed using LIGPLOT. The most potential compound was simulated for its interaction stability using Yet Another Scientific Artificial Reality Application (YASARA) dynamics. The result of molecular docking by AutoDock Vina showed that Sagamilactam become the most potential inhibitor for viral protease as it had lower binding affinity (6LU7:-12 and 5R7Y:-10.4) compared to the both of native ligand (6LU7:-11.4 and 5R7Y:-4.6). Furthermore, the interaction of the most potential ligand showed the low number of Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) deviation in molecular dynamic simulations. This result validated the docking method that used and indicated that secondary metabolites produced from rare actinobacteria of Actinomadura sp. have promising possibility to inhibit COVID-19 protease
Pemanfaatan Limbah Organik Tulang Ayam dan Sisa Nasi Sebagai Pakan Larva Lalat Tentara Hitam (Hermetia illucens L.)
Full text linkOrganic waste originating from restaurants brings problems to the environment because it can cause bad smells and environmental pollution. To reduce this pollution, organic waste can be decomposed and used as feed for black soldier fly (BSF) larvae can be useful as fish or poultry feed with high nutrition. Therefore, this research aimed to determine and study the feeding of organic waste, namely leftover rice and chicken bones, on the growth of BSF larvae. The resesearch was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 feeding treatments consist of leftover rice, chicken bones, and combination of leftover rice and chicken bones; and control treatment used T-51 pig feed. All teratments used triplicates. Data obtained from this study consist of BSF larvae growth parameter for 12 days, and proximate analysis of the feed and BSF larvae. Results showed that larvae fed with a combination of leftover rice and chicken bones was the best treatment to support the groeth of BSF larvae as shown by values of waste reduction index (WRI) 0,034 g/day, substrate reduction 51%, and 98 % of BSF larvae survival rate 98% in 12 days