Biotropic : The Journal of Tropical Biology
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Keragaman Morfologi Bakteri Nitrifikasi Asal Kompos Kotoran Domba pada Peternakan Domba dengan Sistem Bedding
Full text linkThe application of compost bedding system on sheep farm is a technology to minimize the negative impact of sheep manure waste toward environment. The microorganisms which inhabit the compost bedding, especially nitrifying bacteria are expected to have significant role in odor emission reduction which become environmental problem around the sheep farm. This study aims to analyze the abundance and diversity of nitrifying bacteria of compost bedding obtained from sheep farm which have important role in reducing odor emission of ammonia. The 12 days, 1 and 1,5 months old of compost bedding samples were obtained from sheepfold, while 3 and 4 months old of compost samples were obtained from compost pile. Furthermore, nitrifying bacteria were isolated from compost samples by pour plate method using specific media for Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter. The results indicated that compost bedding samples with different composting time duration displayed different abundance and diversity of nitrifying bacteria. The current study was successfully isolated 39 and 47 nitrifying bacterial isolates using specific media for Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas, respectively. The highest diversity of nitrifying bacteria was gained from 12 days old compost bedding sample. Nitrifying bacterial isolates from compost bedding samples have significant role in odor emission declining as well as manure composting at sheep farm. The obtained bacterial isolates are also potentially to develop as bio-activator for compost bedding
Optimization of RNA Extraction from Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus
Full text linkRNA extraction is the critical initial stage in analyzing certain gene expressions, further analysis using Real Time PCR technology, and performing virus detection. However, the process of extracting RNA is often hampered by the risk of contamination, resulting in low concentrations of RNA and low purity of RNA. This is often an obstacle in extracting mosquito RNA especially detecting Dengue Virus (Den-V). Dengue virus (Den-V) can cause dangerous diseases in humans such as Dengue Fever (DHF) which is transmitted through the bites of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. This study aims to find out the effective steps for extracting RNA from Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The method being compared is a commercial RNA extraction kit with modification (addition of β-mercaptoethanol) and without modification. The results showed that the best DNA concentration and purity were obtained in mosquito samples from modified process. The purity ratio of RNA extracted without modification was 1.971 (0.021 ± 0.800) while with modification it was 2.003 (0.011 ± 0.112). Aedes aegypti had a better average concentration of 7.146 µg/ml for unmodified RNA and 7.613 µg/ml for modified RNA. This research is expected to be a reference for further studies on viruses in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus
Analysis on Nutrient Contents & Food Safety of Local Gatul Fish (Xiphophorus hellerii) as Potential Food Resources
Full text linkGatul fish is one abundance of freshwater introduced fish that can be found in all tropical and subtropical area. One species of Gatul fish has been found in Telaga Sari, Pasuruan Regency is Xiphophorus hellerii. This fish are live bearers, dimorphism sexual, modification of anal fish called gonopodium and pregnant & birthing female. Until now, its potential as a food resource is not known. This research aimed to analyze nutrient contents of Gatul fish as food resources based on the protein and fat content and to evaluate the food safety based on the content of plumbum, cadmium, and mercury. The sample of Gatul fish was collected from Telaga Sari based on four Xiphophorus helleri (female and male). The protein content was analyzed using Kjeldahl method, while the content of fat was analyzed using soxhlet method. In addition, the level of plumbum, cadmium, and mercury in the flesh Gatul fish were tested using atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that both of the flesh Gatul fish (male and female) contained high protein for orange male (20.389±0.238); orange female (20.256±0.07); gray male (21.3557±0.25), and gray female (20.5687±0.10) respectively. The fat of flash Gatul Fish both male and female content in Gatul fish ranged from 2.966%-3.934%. It seems that the nutrient content outweighs the content of others commercial consumed fish. The content of plumbum in the flesh fish were 0.712±0.0116 ppm; chadmium were 0.128±0.129, Meanwhile, the content of mercury in the flesh fish were 0.0039±0.0017. These numbers are considerably lower that the level permitted. Hence, it can be concluded that Gatul fish has potency as a cheap, safe, and nutritious of food resourc
Chromosome Characterization of Brassicaceae Family
Full text linkIndonesia is known as a rich country in various agricultural and plantation products, including vegetables such as mustard, broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower. However, in its cultivation, the products and demand for vegetables are not offset by an increase in the production quality. One of the efforts to improve and enhance the production quality is to identify and characterize chromosomes of plants which will become the basis for plant breeding activities. The purpose of this study was to characterize the number, form and size of the chromosome in cultivars belonging to the Brassicaceae family. The study was carried out using the modified squash method. Chromosomes were prepared by fixation, maceration, and staining, then the mitotic phases were observed using a microscope and optilab, and analyzed using Image Raster 3. The results showed that mitotic time range and chromosome character of six cultivars of the Brassicaceae family were different. Broccoli ('Chief No. 2 1955' and 'Green Super') and cauliflower ('ILONA' and 'TM 126') had a mitotic time range from 04.00 to 09.00 a.m. with 2n chromosome number = 18. Green mustard (‘Juwita’ and ‘TM Jade’) and white mustard ('Sakata' and 'Shuka-shuka') had a mitotic time range from 03.00 to 08.00 a.m. with 2n chromosome number = 20. White cabbage (‘CR ACE' and 'Sehati F1') had a mitotic time range from 04.00 to 09.00 a.m and red cabbage (‘Scarlet’ and ‘Red Globe’) had a mitotic time range from 09.00 to 10.00 a.m. with 2n chromosome number = 18.
Analisis Kuantitatif Kandungan Antioksidan dan Aktivitas Sitotoksik dari Ekstrak Anastatica hierochuntica L
Full text linkAntioxidants are compounds that can counteract free radicals in the body due to the presence of active compounds such as flavonoids and phenolics. These active compounds can be cytotoxic, ie, compounds capable of inhibiting and stopping the growth of cancer cells by using toxicity test by BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) method. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity by DPPH (Dipheny Pycryl Hydrazil) method and toxicity test by BSLT method of Anastatica hierochuntica L extract. A. hierochuntica L extraction were done by maceration method with methanol solvent. The content of A. hierochuntica L extract compounds was done by phytochemical test to know flavonoid compounds, triterpenoid and sterol. Meanwhile, alkaloid and saponin and liquid chromatography to see flavonoid compounds of quersetin. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity test was carry out by the DPPH method and by BSLT method to observed the mortality of shrimp larvae. A. hierochuntica extract has antioxidant activity with IC50 value 77,23 μg / ml and toxicity value of LC50 44,97. A.hierochuntica L extracts potentially have antioxidant and cytotoxic properties
Kadar Klorofil Daun Mangrove Di Kawasan Pelabuhan Hurnala Maluku Tengah
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to determine the chlorophyll content of mangrove leaves in the Hurnala port area of Central Maluku. This research was conducted on June 24 – August 24, 2021 in the Hurnala port area of Central Maluku. Sampling was carried out of mangrove leaves at three sampling stations at station 1 (boat berth), station 2 (Hurnala port) and station 3 (Estuary of the river). The chlorophyll content test was carried out in the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Pattimura University, Ambon with UV-Vis spectrophotometer using 652 nm and 665 nm. The results showed that the chlorophyll content of mangrove leaves was at station 2 (17.3362 g/mL), station 3 (8.2885 g/mL) and station 1 (7.0349 g/mL)
Optimasi Suhu dan Waktu SSF untuk Produksi Bioetanol dari Sampah Daun Menggunakan Trichoderma Viride dan Zymomonas Mobilis
Full text linkFoliage from gardens or parks is biomass whose organic fraction can be decomposed. Foliage can be utilized by converting it into bioethanol. Various studies have shown that Trichoderma viride and Zymomonas mobilis play a role in the production of bioethanol from biomass, but until now there has been no report on the production of bioethanol from foliage using a mixture of T. viride and Z. mobilis. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal SSF temperature and time for bioethanol production from foliage using T. viride and Z. mobilis. The fermentation process used the Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) method with a mixture of T. viride and Z. mobilis with a composition of 5% : 5% (w/v). SSF was carried out at several variations of time and temperature, 60 hours, 72 hours, 80 hours and 96 hours for times and temperatures used are 32oC, 35oC and 38oC. The fermented bioethanol was purified by distillation and finally, the ethanol content was tested with GC. Bioethanol was successfully produced from foliage using T. viride and Z. mobilis with the highest ethanol content obtained in SSF with a temperature of 35oC and a time of 72 hours, which is 0.2151%
Keanekaragaman Serangga pada Tanaman Akasia (Acacia nilotica) Di Savana Bekol Taman Nasional Baluran Situbondo Jawa Timur
Full text linkBaluran National Park Situbondo have function to field study, and plays a role as the ecotourism area. Bekol savanna is part of Baluran National Park which has been invaded by Acacia (A. nilotica) plants. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity and abundant of the insects in A. nilotica in Bekol savannas park, Baluran national park. The research method has been employed with the make plots in the savannas dimensions of 20 x 20 m. Insect was collected by flying trap without antractan for four weeks. Insect identification was carried out at Entomology Laboratory SITH ITB. Diversty index was analyzed by Shannon’s index and abundant index with the Simpson’s index. The results showed that the 527 insects caught consisted of 5 insect orders that lived on A. nilotica in the Bekol Savanna . Diversity of insect have the range medium from H= 1,73186 – 2,29266. Insect diversity has high in the plot III and low from plot II. Abundant index was known that the familia Formicidae is dominance species with Polyrhachis sp=45,77465 % plot I, Crematogaster sp= 62,2807% plot II, Crematogaster sp= 45,45455% plot III and plot IV Crematogaster sp= 38,67925%. The low of diversity index because just many insect could live in the A. nilotica and some species likes Caryedon serattus, Zyras compressicornis, Crematogaster sp and Trigona lavaiceps was collected from four site reseach. The abundant of familia Formicidae because they have mutuallystic symbiosis with the A. nilotica. From the result we could conclude that diversity and abundant insect dependent to the plant and interaction have done
Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Tanam Berbasis Agen Bioteknologi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Hias Episcia cupreata
Full text linkPlanting media is the most important aspect for plant growth. However, in fact, agricultural land in Indonesia is of relatively low quality. These factors include nutrient deficits, decreased levels of organic matter, pollution, decreased microbial activity, and salinization/alkalinization. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of planting media based on biotechnology agents on the growth of Episcia cupreata. The method is a quasi-experimental, RAK design (Randomized Block Design) with 6 treatments, 4 treatments. Main data analysis with ANOVA test and DMRT test level 5% and supporting data with correlation analysis. The result shows the effectiveness of using planting media based on biotechnology agents on the growth of Episcia cupreata. The most optimal growth of the number of leaves produced by treatment T1 with an average of 19.75, stem height by treatment T2 with an average of 48 cm, and root length by treatment T2 with an average of 10,27 cm. Physicochemical conditions include soil pH, temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity were correlated with the growth of Episcia cupreata
Identifikasi Bakteri Toleran terhadap Logam Berat Pb yang Diisolasi dari Air dan Sedimen di Sungai Porong, Sidoarjo
Full text linkPorong River is an active river located in the Sidoarjo region, East Java which has been polluted by the Lapindo mudflow containing various chemical compounds, one of which is lead (Pb) heavy metal. Isolation of bacteria in the environment contaminated with Pb allows bacteria that have the potential as bioremediation agents to grow. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of heavy metal Pb and isolate and identify lead (Pb) tolerant bacteria in water and sediment at Porong river, Sidoarjo. Sampling of water and sediment was carried out at 2 sampling points based on the presence of Lapindo mud waste flow. Analysis of the heavy metal content of Pb was carried out using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Bacterial isolation was carried out on NA media containing 10 ppm Pb of heavy metal and incubated for 24 hours at 300C. Bacterial isolates were identified based on the macroscopic and microscopic properties and biochemical tests. The results of the heavy metal content of Pb at sampling point 1 in water was 0.81 ppm, and in sediment was 0.98 ppm while at sampling point 2 in water was 2.93 ppm, and in sediment was 3.88 ppm. The results of bacterial identification obtained as many as 6 bacterial isolates belonging to 3 genera of bacteria including Bacillus, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas