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Clustering ranking data via copulas
No full textClustering of ranking data aims at the identification of groups of subjects with a homogenous, common, preference behavior. Ranking data occurs when a number of subjects are asked to rank a list of objects according to their personal preference order. The input in cluster analysis is a distance matrix, whose elements measure the distances between rankings of two subjects. The choice of the distance dramatically affects the final result and therefore the computation of an appropriate distance matrix is an issue. Several distance measures have been proposed for ranking data. The most important are the Kendall's t, Spearman's r and Cayley distances. When the aim is to emphasize top ranks, weighted distances for ranking data should be used. We propose a generalization of this kind of distances using copulas. Those generalizations provide a more flexible instrument to model different types of data dependence structures and consider different situationsin the classification process. Simulated and real data are used to illustrate the pertinence and the importance of our proposal.2-6 September 201
Il welfare state: la recente giurisprudenza inglese e francese
No full textQuali sono gli orientamenti delle Corti supreme straniere in materia di riconoscimento di benefit collegati al welfare state, in particolare nei confronti di famiglie e soggetti deboli? In questa rassegna si analizzano i casi riguardanti il Regno Unito e la Francia
GDPR: come viene applicato nella giurisprudenza delle corti nazionali europee?
No full textLa rassegna di maggio presenta alcuni orientamenti che si stanno formando presso la giurisprudenza comparata in merito all’applicazione del Regolamento UE 679/2016, noto come GDPR. I casi trattati riguardano le corti francesi, inglesi e spagnole
Utilizzo del saldo da rivalutazione: la chiarezza legislativa non ferma le divagazioni interpretative
No full textLa formula dei primi tre commi dell'art. 13 della legge n. 342/2000, nonché la loro connessione, mette in evidenza come, diversamente da quanto sostenuto dall'Agenzia delle entrate e dalla Corte di cassazione, l'art. 13 definisca la sfera dei fatti che implicano il concorso alla formazione del reddito imponibile del saldo attivo da rivalutazione in positivo, mediante riferimento alla sua attribuzione ai soci, e non in negativo, con riferimento all'utilizzo per fini diversi dalla imputazione capitale e dalla copertura di perdite di esercizio. Ne consegue che, per affermare detto concorso, non serve concludere nel senso che il saldo è stato utilizzato per fini diversi da questi ultimi, ma occorre riscontrare la sua attribuzione ai soci
On the meaning of measurement uncertainty
No full textThis article discusses the definitions of “measurement uncertainty” given in the three editions of the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM) and a fourth definition which was suggested for the next edition of this document. It is argued that none of the definitions is satisfying. First, a thorough definition of measurement uncertainty should supply an explanation about the meaning of the concept, which is missing from the VIM2&3. Secondly, when provided, the meanings are not accurate enough: the VIM1 version is flawed and the possible future definition appeals to an overly restrictive notion of “belief”. Alternative options are then proposed, based on the conclusions that (i) measurement uncertainty is a statement – an inference – made by the experimenter about the measurand; (ii) it is only based on what is accessible to one’s knowledge, and therefore rests on the hypothesis that no unknown systematic error affects the measurement
Intelligenza e comprensione: confronto tra naturale e artificiale
No full textUn agente artificiale può esibire un comportamento intelligente, e nel caso, quando e a quali condizioni? Una breve analisi e qualche riflessione sulla sempre più ampia diffusione di sistemi artificiali che manifestano comportamenti sempre più intelligenti
Using simulation to reshape the maintenance systems of caster segments
No full textThe maintenance of steel mills has a relevant impact on costs and productivity of steel industry. According to the traditional approach, one crew per shift takes care of the maintenance of key components of the slab caster with very limited process control, productivity and long lead-times. This paper introduces a new approach that makes each component move along a line where specific attention has to be paid to shared resources. The methodological approach is based on simulation, which has been applied to a real-life case study, represented by a leading Indian steel mill. Simulation is exploited, first, to point out the effect of the concurrent requirement of resources, demonstrating that a static sizing can lead to wrong designs, then, to properly consider the variance of execution times. Results show that caster maintenance arranged in a line designed according to the proposed methodology remarkably contributes to speed up the maintenance process