5358 research outputs found
Sort by
Quality of measurement information in decision making
No full textThis paper introduces a general-purpose framework aimed at capturing the elusive concept of quality of measurement information, a critical issue for both researchers and practitioners when dealing with measurement information-enabled decision making. The framework is a blueprint for the definition, assessment, communication, and improvement of measurement information quality, as analyzed through a set of general criteria, classified according to the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic layers of semiotics, as suggested in the ISO 8000-8:2015 technical standard. The top-down analysis, where each criterion is specified in terms of characteristics and each characteristic in terms of domain-related indicators, is complemented with a bottom-up synthesis and operationalized by means of a flow chart. An application example, about the quality of information provided by the networks of measurement instruments reporting pollutants in the air, is presented to test the usefulness and the limitations of the framework
Gig economy: il riconoscimento dello status di lavoratori dipendenti nelle ultime decisioni delle corti comparate
No full textOggetto della rassegna di giurisprudenza comparata, focalizzata su Francia e Canada, riguarda il riconoscimento dello status di lavoratori dipendenti ai contractors impiegati nella c.d. "Gig Economy"
Università Cattaneo working papers
No full textDebates over pricing and reimbursement of new and innovative drugs have become increasingly dominated by the excessive high prices and the challenges to the sustainability of the public expenditures. This paper examines the phenomenon of raising prices through the examples of oncology and hepatitis C drugs. In many cases the cost is not related to the benefit promised by the treatment. The costs of R&D of a drug seem to be shrouded in a cloud of mystery, while pharmaceutical companies are still struggling to provide their real R&D costs. The hostage theory is described here in order to explain the lack of instruments which are currently applied to evaluate a new drug. Finally some tentative algoritms are revised, and the need for a combination of cost-effectiveness and budget impact is proposed, trying to combine the private interest with the public interest
Preventing litigation with a predictive model of COVID-19 ICUs occupancy
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has generated an overall slowdown in hospital activities that might lead to delays in healthcare interventions, and the scarcity of resources can raise concerns about ventilators allocation criteria. These circumstances could lead to lawsuits against hospitals and healthcare professionals: together with Regions and States, they may be vulnerable to legal actions, due to the breach of right to health, to physical integrity and right to life, to the manifestation of the informed consent in the medical field or on the basis of contractual or Aquilian obligations. In this context, predicting the litigation rate could be useful to assess the economic impact of a dispute at a local and national level, so that hospital managers and public institutions can perform multi-dimensional and cost/benefit evaluations to decide whether to invest resources to increase critical care surge capacity. In this work we present CLIP (COVID-19 LItigation Prediction), a modeling approach supported by swarm intelligence designed to forecast the occupancy of intensive care units using COVID-19 time-series. CLIP fits a logistic model of COVID-19 patients admission in order to estimate the future number of patients, and then exploits a probabilistic model to predict the number of occupied intensive care beds, whose parameters are calibrated by means of Fuzzy Self-Tuning Particle Swarm Optimization. We assume that each individual rejected from an intensive care unit due to the lack of resources should be considered a potential plaintiff. The development and the availability of such a predictive model, that could further be used within other clinical conditions and important diseases, could help policy-makers in taking decisions under conditions of uncertainty.10-13 December 202
Competere nel new normal
No full textIn questo mutato contesto economico e sociale ci sono aziende resilienti che hanno reagito alla crisi con ottimi risultati. Come ci sono riuscite? Quali modelli di business hanno funzionato? E quali sono le aree sulle quali bisognerà investire per continuare a essere competitivi
Communication and financial supervision: how does disclosure affect market stability?
No full textThe impact of authorities’ information disclosure on social welfare and market stability has become a widely debated topic since the contribution of Morris and Shin (2002). Despite several theoretical works, this strand of literature remains void of empirical contributions. By assessing how disclosure of stress test results influences market risk perception, we provide factual evidence on how authorities’ enhanced communication affects financial markets’ stability. Our results provide empirical evidence to support Faria-e-Castro et al.’s (2017) theoretical findings, demonstrating that severe stress tests, if enacted in countries with credible fiscal capacity such as the U.S., can lead agents to revise their risk estimations downwards for all banks, notwithstanding their performance in the exercise