Jurnal Hortikultura
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Isolasi, Identifikasi, dan Karakterisasi Jamur Entomopatogen dari Rizosfir Pertanaman Kubis
Get PDFTujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi dan mengkarakterisasi jamur entomopatogen dari rizosfirpertanaman kubis. Percobaan ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Entomologi dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, FakultasPertanian Universitas Andalas dan Laboratorium Entomologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika Solok dariMaret sampai Agustus 2006. Pengujian sporulasi jamur entomopatogen menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap polafaktorial dengan 2 faktor yaitu jenis isolat dan substrat. Sebanyak 500 g tanah diambil dari pertanaman kubis di PadangPanjang (Desa Koto Panjang) dan Alahan Panjang (Desa Rimbo Data) kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam kotak plastik.Sebanyak 10 ekor Tenebrio molitor stadia larva instar ketiga yang baru berganti kulit dimasukkan ke dalam kotakyang berisi tanah, kemudian ditutup dengan selapis tipis tanah dan dilembabkan dengan menyemprotkan akuadessteril di atasnya sebanyak 100-150 ml. Kotak tersebut diletakkan di laboratorium dengan kelembaban >90%. Larvayang terinfeksi setelah 3-4 hari digunakan sebagai sumber isolat jamur entomopatogen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa jamur yang menginfeksi T. molitor adalah jamur entomopatogen yang dapat menyebabkan kematian hamakrop kubis Crocidolomia pavonana F.. Enam jenis jamur patogen serangga berhasil dibiakkan pada media SDAY.Genus jamur patogen tersebut adalah Fusarium sp., Beauveria sp., Metarhizium sp., Nomuraea sp., Paecilomycessp., dan Achersonia sp.. Beras dan gandum adalah substrat yang paling baik bagi perbanyakan dan pertumbuhankoloni jamur dibandingkan substrat lainnya. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa spesies jamur entomopatogentersebar secara alami di lingkungan kebun tanaman kubis.ABSTRACT. Nuraida and A. Hasyim. 2009. Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of EntomopathogenicFungi from Rhizosphere of Cabbage Plant. This experiment was conducted at Entomology and PhytopathologyLaboratory Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University and Entomology Laboratory of Tropical Fruit ResearchInstitute, Solok, West Sumatera, from March to August 2006. A factorial completely randomized design with 2factors, i.e. fungi isolates and its substrates was applied. About 500 g soil samples were collected from cabbagefields in Padang Panjang (Koto Panjang Village) and Alahan Panjang (Rimbo Data Village) and placed into plasticbags. The soils were screened for the presence of entomopathogenic fungi. The new third instars larvas of Tenebriomolitor L. were used as baits. About 10 larvae were placed on the soil surface in plastic bowl and covered withlid. Then the bowl was incubated under laboratory condition with >90% RH. The infected larvas, after 3-4 days,were used as source of entomopathogenic fungi isolate. The results showed that fungi isolated from T. molitor baitwere all entomopathogenic causing mortality of Crocidolomia pavonana. Six entomopathogens were successfullycultured on SDAY. These were Fusarium sp., Beauveria sp., Metarhizium sp., Nomuraea sp., Paecilomyces sp., andAchersonia sp.. Rice and wheat produced better cultures and growth of fungal colony than those other substrates.The present study has provided strong evidence that entomopathogenic fungal species were naturally spread in thesoil environment of cabbage field
Aplikasi Jenis Bahan Baku Utama dan Bahan Aditif terhadap Kualitas Media Bibit Induk Jamur Shiitake
Get PDFABSTRAK. Aplikasi media bibit induk jamur shiitake yang berkualitas merupakan salah satu persyaratan pentingyang perlu diperhatikan agar pertumbuhan miselium bibit berlangsung cepat. Penelitian dilakukan di LaboratoriumEkofisiologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang (1.250 m dpl.) dari bulan Agustus sampai Desember 2005.Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mendapatkan jenis bahan baku utama serta jenis suplemen untuk media bibit induk/spawn jamur shiitake yang terbaik. Kualitas media bibit dinyatakan dalam satuan waktu, yaitu berupa waktu yangdibutuhkan oleh miselium bibit tumbuh memenuhi botol/wadah media bibit. Rancangan percobaan menggunakanpetak terpisah dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama, berupa jenis bahan baku utama media bibit jamur shiitake yang terdiriatas 7 faktor, yaitu millet, SKG kayu keras, jerami padi, bagas tebu, millet + SKG kayu keras 1:1, millet + bagas tebu1:1, dan millet + bagas tebu 1:1. Anak petak berupa jenis suplemen media bibit, terdiri atas 7 faktor, yaitu bekatul,tepung tapioka, tepung jagung, tepung beras merah, tepung terigu, bekatul gandum, dan pakan ayam DOC masingmasing5%. Bibit jamur shiitake menggunakan Lentinus edodes strain No. MES 02089-XR berasal dari AppliedPlant Research, Belanda. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa bahan baku utama untuk menyusun formula mediabibit jamur shiitake yang terbaik adalah bagas tebu yang cocok dikombinasikan dengan ketujuh jenis suplemen yangditeliti. Media bibit memberikan pertumbuhan awal dan akhir miselium yang tercepat dengan waktu pencapaianpersentase pertumbuhan maksimum (100%) miselium bibit jamur shiitake yang paling singkat, yaitu antara 15-17,5hari setelah inokulasi bibit kultur murni pada media bibit induk.ABSTRACT. Sumiati, E. and G.A. Sopha. 2009. The Application of Main Raw Materials and Supplementson Mother Spawn Quality of Shiitake. The application of good quality of mother spawn media is an importantrequirement to get faster growth of shiitake mycelium. The experiment was conducted at the Ecophysiology Laboratory,Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, in Lembang (1,250 m asl.) from August to December 2005. The goal ofthis experiment was to find out the best raw material in combination with the proper supplement of spawn media forshiitake. Criteria of the best quality of spawn media was expressed by the duration needed by shiitake mycelium tofully covered spawn media. A split plot design with 3 replications was set up. The main plot was 7 main raw materialsof mother spawn media, comprised of millet, sawdust of hardwood, rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, millet + sawdust ofhardwood (1:1), millet + rice straw (1:1), and millet + sugarcane bagasse (1:1). While the subplot was 7 supplements,comprised of rice bran, cassava flour, corn flour, red rice flour, wheat flour, wheat bran, and a day old chicken feedwith the dosage of 5% each. Shiitake applied was Lentinus edodes strain No. MES 02089-XR from Applied PlantResearch, The Netherlands. Research results revealed that the best main raw materials for mother spawn media wassugarcane bagasse in combination with all kinds of supplements applied in this research (7 kinds of supplements).It gaves the fastest growth of shiitake mycelium with the shortest duration of maximum mycelium growth (100%)varies from 15 to 17.5 days after inoculation of pure culture to mother spawn media
Pengkajian Ex Ante Manfaat Potensial Adopsi Varietas Unggul Bawang Merah di Indonesia
Get PDFPenelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April-November 2006 dan ditujukan untuk melakukan simulasibesaran serta distribusi surplus ekonomik yang merupakan dampak potensial introduksi varietas unggul bawang merahdi Indonesia. Studi ini memanfaatkan teknik analisis surplus ekonomik berdasarkan asumsi sistem perekonomiantertutup dan produk tunggal bawang merah yang bersifat homogen. Perubahan teknologi yang diakibatkan olehintroduksi varietas unggul bawang merah dapat meningkatkan total dan domestik surplus sebagai konsekuensi daripeningkatan reduksi biaya dan produktivitas. Peningkatan produktivitas akan meningkatkan manfaat penggunaanteknologi varietas unggul bawang merah searah dengan dampak peningkatan reduksi biaya input per hektar. Hasilanalisis mengindikasikan bahwa inovasi varietas unggul baru ke dalam subsektor bawang merah Indonesia memilikipotensi dampak yang tinggi terhadap kesejahteraan ekonomi masyarakat. Semua skenario yang disimulasikan untukvarietas unggul bawang merah menghasilkan manfaat ekonomis tinggi. Skenario terburuk (P8) menghasilkan manfaatnasional sebesar Rp. 4,9 milyar, sedangkan skenario terbaik (P5) menghasilkan manfaat nasional sebesar Rp. 631,4milyar. Petani bawang merah masih tetap dapat memperoleh keuntungan walaupun harga satuan luarannya lebih rendah,karena teknologi baru (varietas unggul) akan meningkatkan produksi yang dapat dipasarkan dan menurunkan biayaproduksi. Tingkat adopsi varietas unggul baru bawang merah akan berpengaruh besar terhadap besaran manfaat danpada gilirannya akan bergantung pula kepada premium benih yang harus dibayar petani. Untuk petani atau perusahaanbenih, keuntungan akan meningkat sejalan dengan semakin tingginya mark-up benih dalam kondisi tertentu, tetapijuga akan menurun jika tingkat adopsinya lebih rendah. Dengan demikian, ada semacam economic trade-off antaramark-up benih dengan tingkat adopsi.ABSTRACT. Adiyoga, W., T. A. Soetiarso, M. Ameriana, and W. Setiawati. 2009. Ex-ante Assessment of PotentialBenefits for Adopting a New High Yielding Shallots Variety in Indonesia. The study carried out in April-November2006 was aimed to simulate the size and distribution of the economic surplus generated by the introduction and adoptionof new high yielding shallots variety in Indonesia. This study employed the economic surplus technique assumingthe existence of a closed economy, and dealt with a single homogeneous good. Technological change brought by theintroduction of high yielding shallots variety increased the total and domestic surplus change as a consequence ofincreases in cost reduction and yield. Increases in yield per hectare increased the benefits of the high yielding shallotsvariety technology in the same direction as increases in the cost reduction in input per hectare. The results indicatedthat high yielding variety innovations applied to Indonesia’s agricultural sector had a potential positive economicimpact and increased the society’s economic welfare. All the scenarios simulated for the high yielding shallots varietyincreased the domestic economic surplus. The worst scenario (P8) produced national benefits of Rp. 4.9 billion, whilefor the best scenario (P5), the national benefits were Rp. 631.4 billion. Shallot farmers would gain more profit evenwithout raising the output price, because the technology would increase the marketable yield and lower productioncosts. The extent of adoption of the shallots variety would largely influence the magnitude of the domestic benefitsand depend among other factors on the seed premium farmers had to pay. For the seed grower/company, profits mightincrease with higher seed mark-up under certain conditions, but through lower adoption rates they might also decrease.There was therefore an economic trade-off between the seed mark-up and the adoption rate
Pengaruh Pembenaman Residu Tanaman Penutup Tanah Kacang-kacangan dan Mulsa Jerami terhadap Hasil Cabai Merah dan Kesuburan Tanah Andisol
Get PDFABSTRAK. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (BALITSA) Lembang,dari bulan November 2004-Maret 2005. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh residu tanaman penutup tanahkacang-kacangan dan mulsa jerami yang dibenamkan ke dalam tanah terhadap hasil cabai merah dan kesuburan tanahAndisol Lembang. Rancangan percobaan digunakan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas 9 perlakuanpembenaman residu-residu tanaman kacang tanah, kacang jogo, dan mulsa jerami, serta 1 perlakuan pemberian pupukkandang sebagai kontrol. Pada semua perlakuan (kecuali kontrol) ditanami kembali kacang tanah dengan jarak tanam50 x 30 cm sebagai tanaman penutup tanah. Tanaman cabai merah varietas Hot Beauty ditanam pada petak-petakpercobaan dengan jarak tanam 50 x 60 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian residu-residu kacang tanah,kacang jogo, mulsa jerami, dan pemberian pupuk kandang tidak berbeda nyata pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhandan hasil cabai merah, serta kesuburan tanah Andisol Lembang. Pembenaman residu tanaman penutup tanah kacangtanah sebanyak 7 t/ha + residu mulsa jerami 5 t/ha dengan penanaman kembali kacang tanah sebagai tanaman penutuptanah merupakan perlakuan paling baik untuk memelihara kesuburan tanah Andisol-Lembang dan hasil cabai merah.ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N. and R. Rosliani. 2009. The Effect of Buried Leguminosae Cover Crops and RiceStraw Mulch Residues in the Soil on the Yield of Hot Pepper and Fertility of Andisol Soil. This experiment wasconducted at Experimental Garden of Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute from November 2004 until March2005. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of leguminosae cover crops and rice straw mulchresidues which were buried in the soil on yield of hot pepper and fertility of Andisol soil-Lembang. A randomized blockdesign with 3 replications was used in this experiment. The treatments were 9 buried cover crop residues, consistedof peanut, red bean, and rice straw mulch, and 1 treatment of stable manure as a control. Peanut cover crops withplanting distance of 50 x 30 cm were replanted in all experimental plots (except control). Hot pepper var. Hot Beautywas used in this experiment with planting distance of 60 x 50 cm. The results showed that the buried residues of peanutcrops, red bean crops, rice straw mulch, and stable manure application did not significantly affect the growth and yieldof hot pepper, and fertility of Andisol soil. Peanut cover crops residue 7 t/ha + rice straw mulch residue 5 t/ha, withreplanted peanut crop as cover crops was the best treatment to maintain fertility of Andisol soil and yield of hot pepper
Kalium Sulfat dan Kalium Klorida Sebagai Sumber Pupuk Kalium pada Tanaman Bawang Merah
Get PDFPercobaan untuk mengetahui pengaruh 2 sumber pupuk kalium, yaitu kalium sulfat (K2SO4) dan kaliumklorida (KCl) serta dosis pupuk kalium terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan dilahan petani di Desa Ciledug (12 m dpl.), Cirebon, Jawa Barat dari bulan Juni sampai dengan Agustus 2003. Duasumber pupuk kalium, yaitu kalium sulfat dan kalium klorida ditempatkan sebagai petak utama dan dosis pupuk kalium,yaitu 50, 100, 150, 200, dan 250 kg K2O/ha sebagai anak petak dalam rancangan petak terpisah dengan 3 ulangan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh sumber pupuk kalium tidak nyata terhadap parameter pertumbuhan,seperti tinggi tanaman, jumlah tunas, dan bobot kering komponen tanaman. Namun pada saat panen pupuk kaliumberpengaruh nyata. Tanaman yang mendapat pupuk K2SO4 mempunyai hasil umbi kering per tanaman, hasil umbisegar per petak, dan hasil umbi kering per petak yang lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan tanamanyang diberi pupuk KCl. Penggunaan pupuk kalium sulfat tidak nyata meningkatkan kualitas umbi bawang merahpada saat panen dibandingkan dengan penggunaan pupuk kalium klorida. Pengaruh dosis pupuk kalium terhadapbeberapa parameter pertumbuhan tanaman bawang merah, seperti tinggi tanaman, jumlah tunas per tanaman, jumlahdaun per tanaman, dan juga bobot kering komponen tanaman serta pada saat panen, hasil umbi segar dan umbi keringbaik per tanaman maupun per petak (15 m2) tidak nyata.ABSTRACT. Gunadi, N. 2009. Potassium Sulphate and Potassium Chloride as Sources of Potassium Fertilizeron Shallots. An experiment to determine the effect of 2 sources of potassium fertilizer i.e. potassium sulphate (K2SO4)and potassium chloride (KCl) and the rate of potassium fertilizer on the growth and yield of shallots was conductedat farmer’s field in Ciledug Village (12 m asl.), Cirebon, West Jawa from June until August 2003. Two sources ofpotassium fertilizers i.e. potassium sulphate and potassium chloride were assigned as main plots and the rates ofpotassium fertilizers i.e. 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg/ha were assigned as subplots. The experiment was arrangedin a split plot design with 3 replications. The results indicated that the effect of source of potassium fertilizer was notsignificantly affect the growth parameters such as plant height, shoot number, leaf number, and dry weight of plant.While at harvest, however, the effect was significant. The application of potassium sulphate gave higher dry yieldper plant, fresh yield per plot, and dry yield per plot (15 m2) compared to potassium chloride. The use of potassiumsulphate did not significantly increase the quality of shallot bulb at harvest compared to the use of potassium chloride.The effect of potassium fertilizer rate was not pronounced on some growth parameters and yield of shallots such asplant height, shoot number per plant, and leaf number per plant, total plant dry matter, fresh and dry yield either perplant or per plot (15 m2)
Jenis Suplemen Substrat untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Tiga Strain Jamur Kuping
Get PDFABSTRAK. Daya hasil jamur kuping (Auricularia spp.) masih perlu diperbaiki. Penelitian bertujuan untukmendapatkan jenis suplemen substrat jamur kuping yang sesuai. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan petak terpisahdengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama strain jamur kuping, yaitu Auricularia sp-7, Auricularia sp-11, dan Auriculariasp-12. Anak petak terdiri atas 12 jenis suplemen substrat, yaitu bekatul beras 10%, tepung jagung 10%, tepungsingkong/tapioka 10%, ekstrak toge 100 g/l, tepung kacang hijau 10%, kaldu daging sapi 10 g/l, air kelapa segar,NPK 15-15-15 0,1 g/l, asam humik /bionature 0,1 ml/l, ZPT Atonik 0,1 ml/l, PPC Multitonik 0,1 ml/l, dedak 10%,dan kontrol (tanpa suplemen). Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang (1.250 m dpl.),Jawa Barat dari bulan Desember 2004 sampai Juli 2005. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pada umumnyaaplikasi suplemen alamiah dan sintetik meningkatkan hasil jamur kuping. Bobot segar jamur kuping yang tertinggiberasal dari Auricularia sp11 yang dibudidayakan pada substrat dengan penambahan suplemen NPK 15-15-15 0,1g/l (827,0 g/kg substrat basah), atau PPC Multitonik 0,1 ml/l (899,9 g/kg substrat basah), dan dari Auricularia sp-12 yang dibudidayakan pada substrat dengan penambahan suplemen kaldu daging sapi (872,3 g/kg substrat basah).Bobot segar jamur kuping tertinggi tersebut diperoleh dalam kurun waktu berproduksi selama 124-146 hari denganpanen sebanyak 21-23 kali.ABSTRACT. Sumiati, E. 2009. The Application of Substrate Supplement to Increase the Productivity of ThreeEar Mushroom Strains. The yield of ear mushroom (Auricularia spp.) was necessary to be improved. The goal ofthis experiment was to find out the proper supplements for substrate of ear mushrooms. A split plot design with 3replications was set up. The main plot was 3 strains of ear mushrooms, viz. Auricularia sp-7, Auricularia sp-11, andAuricularia sp-12. While the subplot was supplements, comprised of 12 kinds of supplements, viz. rice bran 10%,corn flour 10%, cassava flour 10%, extract of mungbean sprouts, mungbean flour 10%, beef extract, fresh coconutwater, NPK (15-15-15) 0.1 g/l, humic acid/bionature 0.1 ml/l, PGR Atonik 0.1 ml/l, essential microelements solution0.1 ml/l , rice hulls 10%, and control (without supplement). Research activity was carried out at Indonesian VegetableResearch Institute in Lembang (1,250 m asl) West Java, from December 2004 to July 2005. Research results revealedthat in general the application of those supplements mentioned could increase ear mushroom productivity. The highestyield was gained from Auricularia sp-11 cultivated on substrate + NPK (15-15-15) 0.1 g/l (827.0 g/kg substrate), orsubstrate+essential microelements Multitonic of 0.1 ml/l (899.9 g/kg substrate), and from Auricularia sp-12 cultivatedon substrate + beef extract (872.3 g/kg substrate). These highest yield was collected within a productive period from124 to 146 days with total harvesting times of 21 to 23
Analisis Tingkat Preferensi Petani terhadap Karakterisitik Hasil dan Kualitas Bawang Merah Varietas Lokal dan Impor
Get PDFABSTRAK. Varietas lokal bawang merah yang kompetitif terhadap varietas impor perlu diketahui untuk mengurangipenggunaan varietas impor. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi varietas lokal yang lebih disukai petanidibanding varietas impor di sentra produksi di Kabupaten Brebes. Penelitian dilakukan di 2 desa di Kabupaten Brebespada bulan Juli-Oktober 2005. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian partisipatif yang didukung denganpercobaan lapangan. Percobaan lapangan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yangditeliti adalah 10 varietas lokal dan 2 varietas impor. Plot percobaan lapangan digunakan sebagai petak observasi bagipetani partisipan, 28 orang di Desa Kemukten dan 32 orang di Desa Slatri. Data penelitian partisipatif dikumpulkandari jawaban tertulis petani partisipan pada kuesioner yang dibagikan peneliti pada saat petani melakukan observasipada plot percobaan lapangan. Data petani berupa skor tingkat preferensi (TP) petani terhadap atribut karakteristikdaya hasil, jumlah anakan, bentuk umbi, ukuran umbi, warna umbi, dan aroma dari 12 varietas yang diteliti dianalisismenggunakan metode perceived quality. Hasil penelitan menunjukkan bahwa dari 10 varietas lokal yang diuji, varietaslokal Bima Curut adalah yang paling disukai petani. Walaupun secara agronomis tingkat hasil dan ukuran umbi hasil,varietas impor lebih unggul dibanding varietas lokal Bima Curut, namun TP petani terhadap varietas lokal Bima Curutlebih tinggi 10-23% dibanding TP petani terhadap varietas impor Tanduyung dan Ilokos. Hal ini terjadi karena totalkarakteristik Bima Curut dalam hal daya hasil, jumlah anakan, bentuk umbi, ukuran umbi, warna umbi, dan aromalebih disukai petani dibanding total karakteristik yang dimiliki kedua varietas impor tersebut. Diperlukan dukunganperakitan komponen teknologi pemupukan, budidaya, serta pengendalian hama dan penyakit agar keunggulan varietasBima Curut dapat lebih dioptimalkan.ABSTRACT. Basuki, R.S. 2009. Analysis of Farmer’s Preference on Yield and Quality Characteristic of Localand Imported Shallots Variety. Local variety of shallots that had competitiveness to imported variety needed tobe identified in order to reduce the use of imported seed variety. The objective of this research was to identify localvariety more preferred by farmers than that of imported variety. Research was conducted in Brebes District fromJuly to October 2005. The approach of research was farmer participatory research supported by field trial plot. Thefield trial design used was RCBD, with 10 local varieties and 2 imported varieties as treatments and 3 replications.The field trial plot was used as an observation plot for farmers participants, 28 farmers in Kemukten Village and 32farmers in Slatri Village. The data from farmer participatory research were collected from farmer’s written answers onthe questionnaire distributed by researchers. Farmers’ data were the level of farmer’s preference to the characteristicsof yield, number of sprouts, bulb shape, bulb size, bulb color, and flavor of 12 shallot varieties tested in the fieldtrial. The data were analyzed using perceived quality methods. The results showed that among local varieties, BimaCurut variety was the most preferred by farmers. Agronomically, the yield of imported varieties were higher and thebulb were bigger than that of Bima Curut. However, the level of farmers preference on Bima Curut were 10 to 23% higher than that of the imported varieties of Tanduyung and Ilokos. The reason was that the total characteristicsof Bima Curut in terms of yield, number of sprouts, bulb shape, bulb size, bulb color, and flavor were preferred byfarmers more than that of the total characteristics of imported varieties. Nonetheless, technological components offertilization, cultivation, disease and pest control still need improvements to increase the competitiveness of BimaCurut variety
Perilaku Konsumen terhadap Jeruk Siam di Tiga Kota Besar Di Indonesia
Get PDFABSTRAK. Penelitian diarahkan untuk memperoleh pemahaman tentang perilaku konsumen terhadap jeruk siam asallokal dan impor. Penelitian survai dilaksanakan di 3 kota besar konsumen utama produk hortikultura, yaitu Jakarta(DKI Jaya), Bandung (Jawa Barat), dan Padang (Sumatera Barat) pada bulan Juni-September 2006. Respondenkonsumen adalah 339 ibu rumah tangga yang dipilih secara acak. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah statistikdeskriptif, analisis conjoint, dan analisis klaster. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi konsumsi jeruk siamsebagian besar konsumen (53,7%) cukup tinggi, yaitu 1-2 kali seminggu. Perkiraan tren peningkatan konsumsi jeruksiam 25-75% dalam 5 tahun ke depan juga dipersepsi oleh 61,3% responden. Segmentasi a priori berbasis peubahdemografis mengindikasikan agar strategi pengembangan jeruk siam lebih diarahkan untuk segmen konsumen/pasaryang memiliki karakteristik: usia 30-39 tahun, pendidikan lebih tinggi dari SLTA, ibu rumah tangga bekerja, jumlahanggota keluarga 3-4 orang, jumlah anggota keluarga dewasa 1-2 orang, jumlah anggota keluarga balita 1-2 orang,dan total pengeluaran antara Rp. 2.500.001,00-Rp. 5.000.000,00/bulan. Atribut rasa dipersepsi konsumen sebagaiatribut paling penting (urutan 1), sedangkan atribut harga/kg dipersepsi sebagai atribut dengan urutan kepentinganterendah (urutan 8). Sementara itu, segmentasi a priori berbasis preferensi mengidentifikasi jeruk siam ideal dengankarakteristik: rasa manis, berserat banyak, kandungan air banyak, dan harga Rp. 4.000,00-Rp. 6.999,00/kg. Segmenkonsumen ini menempatkan atribut kandungan air sebagai faktor terpenting (49,52%), dan berturut-turut diikutioleh rasa (23,32%), harga per kg (16,15%), serta serat buah (11,01%). Analisis tanggap konsumen secara umummengindikasikan bahwa konsumen memberikan tanggapan lebih positif terhadap atribut produk jeruk siam impordibandingkan dengan jeruk siam lokal. Label impor cenderung dipandang sebagai salah satu atribut produk yangmerepresentasikan kualitas, dependabilitas, dan reliabilitas, terutama pada saat informasi tersedia dan upaya promosimengenai jeruk siam lokal relatif terbatas. Secara implisit, hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan impor jeruksiam tidak saja dihela oleh intervensi dan akses pasar (kebijakan), namun juga oleh permintaan konsumen.ABSTRACT. Adiyoga, W., T. Setyowati, M. Ameriana, and Nurmalinda. 2009. Consumer Behavior on Tangerinein Three Big-Cities in Indonesia. This study was aimed to obtain understandings with regard to consumer behaviortoward both local tangerine and imported tangerine. Consumer surveys were carried out in 3 big cities in Indonesia(Jakarta-DKI Jaya, Bandung-West Java, and Padang-West Sumatera) from June to September 2006. Respondents ofthese surveys were 339 household-moms who were randomly selected. Descriptive statistics, conjoint analysis, andcluster analysis were used for data elaboration. The results showed that there was a quite high consumption frequency(1-2 times a week) indicated by 53.7% respondents. Most respondents (61.3%) also expect an increasing tangerineconsumption trend of 25-75% in the next 5 years. A priori segmentation on the basis of demographic variablesindicated that the market development of tangerine was more toward market segment that has characteristics suchas: 30-39 years old, higher than high school education, employed household-mom, 3-4 persons family member, 1-2persons adult family member, 1-2 persons of ≤ 5 years old family member, and total expenditure of Rp. 2,500,001.00-Rp. 5,000,000.00/month. Taste was perceived as the most important attribute (1st rank) while price was consideredthe least important (8th rank). A priori segementation on the basis of consumer preference has identified an idealtangerine that has characteristics such as: sweet taste, high fiber, high water content, and price of Rp. 4,000.00-Rp.6,999.00/kg. This consumer segment considers water content as the most important factor (49.52%) contributes tothe preference, and subsequently followed by taste (23.32%), price (16.15%), and fruit fiber (11.01%). In general,consumers provide more positive opinions regarding some attributes of imported tangerine as compared to thoseof local tangerine. Consumers tend to perceive import label as one of the product attributes that represents quality,dependability, and reliability, especially when available information and promotion efforts of local tangerine wererelatively limited. This result implies that the increasing import of tangerine was not only driven by foreign marketintervention and market access (trade policy), but also by consumer demand
Analisis Kelayakan Teknis dan Ekonomis Teknologi Budidaya Bawang Merah dengan Benih Biji Botani dan Benih Umbi Tradisional
Get PDFABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kelayakan teknis dan ekonomis teknologi budidaya bawangmerah menggunakan benih biji botani dibandingkan dengan benih umbi tradisional. Percobaan dilakukan di lahan petanidi Brebes, ketinggian + 8 m dpl, dengan jenis tanah Aluvial, pH = 6,7, pada musim kemarau dari bulan April sampaidengan Agustus 2008. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuanyang dicoba adalah 13 macam perlakuan, terdiri dari 10 perlakuan pengaturan kerapatan tanaman dari benih bijibotani (TSS) varietas Tuk Tuk dan Hibrida dengan mengkombinasikan faktor jarak tanam, jumlah bibit ditanam perlubang, serta asal persemaian bibit, dan 3 perlakuan benih umbi menggunakan varietas lokal Bima Curut yang dibelidari toko dan asal petani serta varietas impor Tanduyung yang dibeli dari toko sebagai pembanding. Analisis budgetpartial digunakan untuk menilai kelayakan ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan TSS layaksecara teknis karena dapat meningkatkan hasil sampai 2 kali lipat dibanding penggunaan benih umbi tradisional danlayak secara ekonomis karena dapat meningkatkan pendapatan bersih antara 22-70 juta rupiah per ha dibanding benihumbi tradisional. Penggunaan TSS varietas Tuk Tuk yang memberikan tingkat hasABSTRACT. Basuki, R.S. 2009. Analysis of Technical and Economical Feasibility of Shallots Cultivation fromTrue Shallot Seed and Traditional Bulb Seed. Experiment was conducted in farmer’s field in Brebes (altitude + 8 masl, Aluvial soil type and pH = 6.7), from April to August 2008. The experiment was arranged in a randomized blockdesign with 3 replications. The total of 13 treatments was applied, consisted of 10 treatments of plant population ofTSS of Tuk Tuk and Hibrida varieties by combining plant spacing, number of seedling per hole, and source of seedling,and 3 control treatments of traditional bulb seed, i.e. local variety of Bima Curut bought from store and from farmer,and imported variety of Tanduyung. Budget partial analysis was used to measure the economical feasibility. Results ofthe research showed that the use of TSS was technically feasible because it increased the yield of shallots 2 times ascompared to bulb seed, and economically feasible because it increased the net income from 22 to 70 million IDR/haas compared to bulb seed. The highest yield and net income from TSS as compared to bulb seed was obtained byplanting single seedling of TSS with population of 150 plants per m2
Regenerasi Kultur Lengkeng Dataran Rendah cv. Diamond River melalui Embriogenesis Somatik
Get PDFABSTRAK. Beberapa kultivar lengkeng toleran dataran rendah telah diintroduksi ke Indonesia termasuk lengkengcv. Diamond River. Kultivar tersebut telah dibudidayakan secara komersial di daerah Kalimantan Barat. Namun,pengembangannya menghadapi kendala dalam hal penyediaan bibit. Dalam rangka memperoleh bibit lengkengdalam jumlah yang berlimpah, perlu penerapan teknik kultur in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginduksidan meregenerasikan kalus embriogenik lengkeng cv. Diamond River. Induksi kalus dilakukan menggunakan daunmuda sebagai eksplan. Regenerasi kalus embriogenik dilakukan dalam 4 tahap. Pada tahap pertama digunakan airkelapa pada konsentrasi 5 dan 10%. Pada tahap kedua, diuji pengaruh auksin (IBA dan NAA) serta sitokinin (BAdan kinetin) masing-masing pada taraf 0,5 ppm. Pada tahap ketiga, diuji pengaruh auksin IBA dan NAA pada taraf0,1; 0,5; dan 1 ppm. Pada tahap keempat diuji perlakuan sukrosa pada taraf 2 dan 3% dengan atau tanpa auksin(IBA dan NAA) masing-masing pada taraf 0,5 dan 1 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa regenerasi melaluiembriogenesis somatik berpeluang diterapkan pada tanaman lengkeng cv. Diamond River. Respons kalus embriogeniklebih dominan ke arah pembentukan akar daripada tunas. Penggunaan media yang mengandung NAA 1 ppm mampumeningkatkan pembentukan tunas hingga mencapai lebih dari 30%, sedangkan penggunaan sukrosa 3% tanpa auksinmampu meningkatkan pembentukan planlet hingga mencapai 12%. Persentase keberhasilan aklimatisasi adalahsebesar 14%.ABSTRACT. Roostika, I., V.N. Arief, and N. Sunarlim. 2009. Regeneration of Lowland Longan cv. DiamondRiver through Somatic Embryogenesis. Several low-land longan cultivars have been introduced to Indonesia,including cultivar of Diamond River. This cultivar has been planted commercially and produced well in WestKalimantan. Unfortunately, the development of this cultivar was facing a problem on the availability of plantingmaterials. In order to provide large number of Diamond River seedlings, tissue culture technique was used. Theaim of the study was to induce and regenerate embryogenic calli of longan cv. Diamond River. A research on callusinduction was conducted using young leaves as explants source. Regeneration of embryogenic calli was conductedin 4 steps. The first, coconut water at the rate of 5 and 10% were used. The second, the auxin (IBA and NAA) andcytokinin (BA and kinetin) at the level of 0.5 ppm, respectively were tested. The third, the IBA and NAA at thelevel of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 ppm were used. The fourth, the sucrose at the level of 2 and 3% with or without addition ofIBA and NAA at the level of 0.5 and 1 ppm were used respectively. The results showed that somatic embryogenesisregeneration was potentially applied to longan cv. Diamond River. The root formation was more dominant than theshoot formation. The use of 1 ppm NAA could increase the shoot formation up to more than 30% whereas the useof 3% sucrose without auxin could increase the plantlet formation up to 12%. The 14% of plantlet produced by thistechnique grew well during acclimatization period