Kesmas: National Public Health Journal
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Risk of Adolescent PregnancyToward Maternal and Infant Health, Analisis of IDHS 2012
No full textAbstractImpact of adolescent pregnancy is closely related to risk of maternal and infant health. This study aimed to develop composite maternal index, infant index, and analyze impact of adolescent pregnancy on maternal and infant health. This study used Indonesian Health Demographic Survey 2012 data with a sample of 2,167 respondents qualified for inclusion (women of childbearing age giving birth to their first child since January 2007 until the survey was conducted). Analysis used Polychoric Principal Component Analysis to produce composite index of maternal and infant health, and logistic regression to determine relation of adolescent pregnancy to maternal and infant health. Results showed that index of maternal health can be determined by indicator maternal morbidity, access to health care, and health behaviors. Infant health index can be determined by infant morbidity and nutritional status indicators. Adolescents with higher education level had 5.4 times higher risk (95% CI = 1.3 – 22.0) to have worse maternal health than adult pregnancies. Adolescent pregnancy had a risk 1.3 times (95% CI = 0.9 – 1.7) to have worse infant health than adult pregnancies after controlled by occupation, socioeconomic, and region. In conclusion, the risk of adolescent pregnancy on maternal and infant health is worse than adult.AbstrakDampak kehamilan pada remaja erat kaitannya dengan risiko kesehatan ibu dan bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan komposit indeks kesehatan ibu, indeks kesehatan bayi dan untuk menelaah pengaruh kehamilan remaja terhadap kesehatan ibu dan bayi. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012, dengan sampel 2.167 responden yang memenuhi syarat inklusi (wanita usia subur yang pernah melahirkan anak pertama sejak Januari 2007 sampai survei dilaksanakan). Analisis menggunakan Polychoric Principal Component Analysis untuk menentukan komposit indeks kesehatan ibu dan bayi, serta regresi logistik untuk mengetahui besar hubungan kehamilan remaja terhadap kesehatan ibu dan bayi. Kesehatan ibu dapat ditentukan melalui indikator status kesakitan ibu, akses layanan kesehatan, dan perilaku kesehatan. Kesehatan bayi dapat ditentukan melalui indikator status kesakitan bayi dan status gizi bayi. Kehamilan remaja dengan status pendidikan tinggi memiliki risiko kesehatan ibu lebih buruk 5,4 kali (95% CI = 1,3– 22,0) dibandingkan pada kehamilan dewasa. Kehamilan remaja memiliki risiko kesehatan bayi lebih buruk 1,3 kali (95% CI = 0,9 – 1,7) dibandingkan kehamilan dewasa setelah dikontrol oleh pekerjaan, sosial ekonomi, dan wilayah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa risiko kehamilan remaja pada kesehatan ibu dan bayi lebih buruk dibandingkan usia dewasa
Larvicidal Effect of Mixture of Beauveria bassiana Crude Metabolite and Chitinase Enzyme against Aedes aegypti Larvae
Get PDFAedes aegypti is a major vector of dengue, a deadly disease causing deaths of millions of people in developing countries, both in urban and rural populations. Aedes aegypti control with chemical insecticide is widely used, and affects on a widespread insecticide resistance. Mosquito biological control was needed to replace the use of chemical insecticide. This study aimed to evaluate larvicidal effect of mixture of Beauveria bassiana crude metabolite and chitinase enzyme against Aedes aegypti larvae. An experimental study using completely Randomized Design was conducted in March-April 2016 at Banjarnegara Research and Development Unit for Zoonosis Control. Biolarvacide formula was made of mixture with 2 : 1 ratio between Beauveria bassiana crude metabolite and chitinase isolated from chitinolytic bacteria, which was propagated by the Agency’s Bacteriology Laboratory. In experimental method, 120 Aedes aegyptilarvae (3rd instar) were exposed with four concentrations of biolarvacide formula (4%, 8%, 16%, and 32%) in 3 replicates. Results showed that exposure of biolarvacide formula caused the third instar larval mortality which started on the first day of exposure. Probit analysis showed LC50 value was obtained at concentration of 53.2 ppm. This shows that larvacide formula of Beauveria bassiana and chitinase enzyme compounds are effective to be used as larvacides against Aedes aegypti larvae
Adolescents' Attitude toward HIV/AIDS Prevention in Yogyakarta
Get PDFAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the second leading cause of death in adolescent groups in the world. In Indonesia, the rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adolescents increases annually. Yogyakarta, well-known as the education city, has the highest number of HIV/AIDS cases in the productive age group of 20–29 years old, which means that they have been already infected with HIV since teen age. This study aimed to determine influential factors that affect adolescents' attitude toward HIV/AIDS prevention. The study was an analytic survey research with a cross-sectional design. Stratified random sampling was applied to select a sample size of 128 respondents of class XI at Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta Senior High School in 2017. Data were taken by using questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression. Theresults revealed that most of the respondents received information on HIV/AIDS from media (47.7%), have a good knowledge level (82%), and support the prevention of HIV/AIDS (96.9%). The source of information and knowledge level had a statistically significant relation with adolescents' attitude toward HIV/AIDS prevention. Knowledge level is the most influential factor to adolescents' attitude toward HIV/AIDS prevention (p value = 0.006, PR = 1.199; 95% confidence interval = 1052–1367)
Factors Influencing Immunisation Schedule Adherence and Completion at the Regional Level in the Philippines
Get PDFThe leading causes of infant deaths are largely preventable and there are reasons from both the supply and the demand sides of healthcare why they maybe perpetuating. This study aimed to ascertain factors affecting the preventive healthcare behaviour of immunisation of infants in the Philippines which istimely because completion, or adherence, rate had plateaued in recent decades. The method employed was the creation of statistical models at sub-nationallevel. The sample contained infants born prior to the 2013 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey to determine proper adherence to the go -vern ment-mandated immunisation schedule. This involved merging the 17 administrative regions of the country to the traditional three sub-national regions.It is observed that the higher maternal education level and improved household socioeconomic status were the most indicative factors of improved adherenceacross all regions. This is also the case to some extent with more advanced maternal ages at giving birth. Autonomy of mothers to visit healthcare facilitiesdepicts conflicting relations for different regions as well as how mothers behave depending on the nature of intention to give birth. These aspects regardingpredictive factors of preventive care have yet to be studied keenly at the regional level in the Philippines.AbstrakPenyebab utama kematian bayi sebagian besar dapat dicegah dan terdapat alasan baik dari sisi suplai maupun permintaan layanan kesehatan hal itu dapatterus berlangsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan memastikan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku layanan kesehatan preventif imunisasi bayi di Filipina yangtepat waktu karena tingkat kelengkapan, atau kepatuhan, telah stabil dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Metode yang digunakan adalah pembuatan modelstatistik di tingkat subnasional. Sampel berisi bayi yang lahir sebelum Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Nasional Filipina tahun 2013 untuk menentukankepatuhan yang tepat terhadap jadwal imunisasi yang dimandatkan oleh pemerintah. Hal ini melibatkan penggabungan 17 wilayah administratif negara ketiga wilayah subnasional tradisional. Diamati bahwa tingkat pendidikan ibu yang lebih tinggi dan peningkatan status sosial ekonomi rumah tangga merupakanfaktor yang paling menunjukkan peningkatan kepatuhan di semua wilayah. Sampai taraf tertentu juga halnya dengan usia ibu yang lebih tua pada saatmelahirkan. Otonomi ibu untuk mengunjungi fasilitas kesehatan menggambarkan hubungan yang saling bertentangan untuk daerah yang berbeda, sertabagaimana ibu berperilaku tergantung pada niat dasar untuk melahirkan. Aspek-aspek mengenai faktor prediktif layanan preventif ini belum dipelajari secaramendalam pada tingkat regional di Filipina
Family Perception Towards Health Role in Filariasis Countermeasures Using the Health Belief Model Approach in Aceh Besar District
Get PDFAceh Besar District is a filariasis endemic area. This endemic state is strongly influenced by people’s perception of filariasis countermeasures. This study aimed to determine relation between family perceptions towards health role in filariasis countermeasures using the Health Belief Model. An analytical survey was applied with a cross-sectional study approach. The study population was families at three villages that are Lambaro Bileu, Lambaet, and Cot Preh of Kuta Baro Primary Health Care. This represents 1,113 families with a sample of 92 families that were selected using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The study instrument was a questionnaire and data were analyzed in a univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. This study showed that the families’ perceived susceptibility to filariasis disease and the families’ perception of the benefits from filariasis preventive actions are influenced the health role in filariasis countermeasures (p value = 0.012 and 0.0001). However, the families’ perception of the seriousness of filariasis disease and the families’ perception of barriers in filariasis preventive action did not influence the health role in filariasis countermeasures (p value = 0.259 and 0.230). The families’ perceived benefits of preventive action were the dominant factor related to the families’ health role in filariasis countermeasures (OR = 12.863; 95% CI = 2.566–93.537) after adjusting with perceived susceptibility to diseases (OR = 8.316; 95% CI = 1.769–26.949)
Determinants of Tourism and HIV/AIDS Incidence in West Java
Get PDFIndonesia defined as tourist destination where the international and domestic tourists enjoy the tourist attractions. Prostitution existing in tourism place may increase the prevalence of HIV/AIDS. The incidence and spread of AIDS in many areas in West Java is a problem for tourism industry. These issues become acute in locations where sexual attraction is used as a determinant of tourist portability. The aim of this study was to determine relation between tourism and the incidence of HIV/AIDS in West Java. Non-reactive research design was used to collect secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics in 2016 from 26 districts/cities in West Java. This study was conducted in January - October 2016. Univariate and bivariate analysis methods with Spearman’s statistical test and multivariate analysis (multiple logistic) were applied. Bivariate analysis results showed the number of star hotels had p value = 0.003, r = -0.552), visit to accommodation had p value = 0.009, r = 0.499) and averageguest per day had p value = 0.022, r = 0.447. Results of multivariate analysis showed that accommodation visits had p value = 0.000). In conclusion, tourism determinants associated with the incidence of HIV/AIDS are the number of star hotels, visits to hotel, and the average guest per day
Work-Related Skin Diseases among Workers in the Sewing Section at PT. X Shoe Company in West Java
Get PDFOccupational skin diseases are the most common work-related diseases in many countries. Shoe industry workers are potential to be affected by work-related skin diseases (WRSDs). This study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with WRSDs among workers in the sewing section at a shoe company in West Java. A total of 477 workers were examined and interviewed using the modified Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire-2002/LONG from May 2016 to July 2016. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors related to WRSDs. The results showed that 57.7% of the workers suffered from WRSDs. Most of the workers (71.7%) did not wear gloves while working; however, they washed their hands adequately at work (67.1%). Multivariate analysis indicated that a term of work, allergy records, organic dust exposure and duration of exposure per day, handwashing habits, and use of gloves whileworking were significant to WRSDs. Having allergy records and not wearing gloves were the two dominant factors associated with WRSDs (odds ratio: 6.743 and 6.224, respectively). Understanding the importance of using chemical protective gloves while working and washing hands with running water are essential for the proper implementation of protective measures to ensure worker's safety and health
Food Hygiene and Sanitation in Six Food Providers at University X, South Sumatra
Get PDFFood provider at university is one of places that needs to implement standards of food hygiene and sanitation (FHS). This study aimed to evaluate and analyze practices of FHS based on Regulation of Health Minister No. 1098 of 2003 and best practices in six food providers at University X. This study used mixed method evaluation with sequential explanatory design through two stages. Stage I was in forms of assessment on six food providers, food handlers and laboratoryexamination on food and beverage samples as well as on eating utensils. Stage II was in form of focus group discussion (FGD) to deepen findings atstage I. Results of this study showed that 100% of food providers had not yet met the government’s regulation. As much as 67% of eating utensils and 83% of food were contaminated with bacteria. Based on food handler examination results, 100% of food handlers were not yet to get medical checkups and training. FGD results indicated that findings at stage I were associated with a lack of knowledge among food handlers and the absence of special unit to oversee FHS at campus. In conclusion, six food providers in the study area have not met the regulation
Antenatal Care Provider and Cesarean Section in Urban Areas in Indonesia
Get PDFTrends of cesarean section trend in Indonesia (2007-2012) have doubled the risk of long-term and short-term health problems. This study was aimed to determine relation between antenatal care provider and cesarean section. This quantitative study used cross-sectional design with a total sample of 5,143 women aged 15-49 years who gave birth to the last child through cesarean section or not as in urban areas selected in samples of 2012 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. Logistic regression multivariate analysis was used to determine relation between antenatal care provider and section cesarean, which was controlled by maternal age, antenatal care facility, parity, and place of birth. Results showed that antenatal care at obstetrician was 6.6 times higher, while antenatal care at obstetrician and midwife was 2.1 times higher for cesarean section compared to women who had antenatal care at midwifeafter controlled by maternal age, antenatal care facility, parity, and place of birth. There is interaction between socioeconomic status and obstetrician for a cesarean section. Regulation on cesarean section by health authority, as well as protective and preventive labor applied towards on the high economic class community may reduce unnecessary cesarean section.AbstrakTren persalinan sesar di Indonesia (2007-2012) mengalami peningkatan dua kali lipat berisiko pada munculnya masalah kesehatan jangka panjang maupun pendek. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan tenaga kesehatan pemeriksa kehamilan dengan persalinan sesar. Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan sampel penelitian 5143 wanita usia subur berusia 15-49 tahun yang melahirkan anak terakhirnya, baik melahirkan sesar maupun tidak di wilayah perkotaan yang terpilih dalam sampel Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012. Analisis multivariat regresi logistik digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan tenaga pemeriksa kehamilan dengan persalinan sesar, dikontrol oleh usia ibu, tempat periksa kehamilan, paritas, dan tempat melahirkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan kehamilan pada spesialis kandungan 6,6 kali lebih tinggi, sedangkan pemeriksaan kehamilan pada spesialis kandungan dan bidan 2,1 kali lebih tinggi untuk melakukan persalinan sesar dibandingkan dengan ibu yang melakukan pemeriksaankehamilannya di bidan setelah dikontrol usia ibu, tempat periksa kehamilan, paritas, dan tempat melahirkan. Terdapat interaksi antara spesialis kandungan dengan status sosial ekonomi untuk persalinan sesar. Implementasi peraturan dilakukannya persalinan sesar oleh institusi kesehatan, serta melakukan upaya protektif dan preventif persalinan pada kelompok masyarakat ekonomi tinggi dapat mengurangi terjadinya persalinan sesar yang tidak perlu
Web-Based Application to Support Physical Fitness Information of Elderly People
Get PDFThe number of elderly people is more increasing along with the rising of the life expectancy age. There are many efforts that should be carried out to preventthe elderly, one of which from the preventive aspect is by maintaining the physical fitness of the elderly. To monitor the fitness status of the elderly, it needsan application of the web technology-based physical fitness monitoring because has been no system that records elderly fitness data. This application wasto record physical fitness data of the elderly to recommend the appropriate gym based on the health condition which can be accessed anywhere. This applicationwas made with the PHP and MYQSL program language as the database processing equipped by the graphic to monitor the physical fitness. The resultsof the test showed that the application worked properly. As indicated by the functioning of the designed and developed menues. The system was able torecord the individual data and the physical fitness of the elderly, also able to serve the information and the records of the fitness of the elderly people and theappropriate recommendation on fitness exercise.AbstrakPenduduk lanjut usia (lansia) semakin banyak seiring meningkatnya usia harapan hidup. Banyak upaya yang harus dilakukan untuk mencegah kesakitan dilansia, salah satunya dari aspek preventif dengan menjaga kebugaran para lansia. Untuk memonitor status kebugaran lansia, maka diperlukan aplikasi pemantauankebugaran jasmani berbasis teknologi web karena tidak ada sistem yang merekam data kebugaran para lansia. Aplikasi ini ditujukan untuk merekam data kebugaran jasmani para lansia untuk merekomendasikan gym yang sesuai berdasarkan kondisi kesehatan yang dapat diakses di mana saja. Aplikasi ini dibuat dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan MYSQL sebagai pengolahan basis data yang dilengkapi dengan grafik untuk memantau kebugaran jasmaninya. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi mampu berfungsi dengan baik yang ditunjukkan dengan berfungsinya seluruh menu yang didesain dan dikembangkan. Sistem mampu merekam data individu serta kebugaran lansia. Sistem mampu menyajikan informasi dan riwayat kebugaran lansia serta rekomendasi latihan kebugaran yang sesuai