Kesmas: National Public Health Journal
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Exclusive Breastfeeding Intention among Pregnant Women
Get PDFExclusive breastfeeding intention is a mother’s intention to provide her baby only breast milk since the infant was born until at the age of 6 months. Intention in prenatal period is the direct affirmation of exclusive breastfeeding. This study aimed to find out the most dominant factor related to exclusive breastfeeding intention among pregnant women at a mother and child hospital in South Tangerang. A cross-sectional study design was conducted primarily. The samples were 143 pregnant women on their third trimester pregnancy selected by purposive sampling. Intention was measured by the Infant Feeding Intention scalequestionnaire. Meanwhile, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were measured by the modified Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the multivariate logistic regression analysis. It was 61.5% mother had strong exclusive breastfeeding intention. Perceived behavioral control dominantly influenced the exclusive breastfeeding intention (p value = 0.007; Odds Ratio 3.030; 95% CI = 1.361-6.746). The other factors influencing intention were attitude, exposure to exclusive breastfeeding from social media, health workers’ support, previous breastfeeding experienceand mothers’ occupation. A mother with high perceived behavioral control has three times more likely to have ‘high exclusive breastfeeding intention’ than those having the low ones.AbstrakIntensi pemberian ASI eksklusif adalah intensi ibu untuk memberikan hanya ASI pada bayinya sejak dilahirkan hingga berusia enam bulan. Intensi pada periode prenatal merupakan penentu langsung pemberian ASI eksklusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor paling dominan berhubungan dengan intensi pemberian ASI eksklusif pada ibu hamil di sebuah rumah sakit ibu dan anak di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Penelitian dengan desain studi potong lintang dilakukan secara primer. Sampel berjumlah 143 ibu hamil trimester ketiga dipilih secara purposive sampling. Intensi pemberian ASI eksklusif diukur menggunakankuesioner the Infant Feeding Intentions scale. Sedangkan sikap, norma subjektif dan persepsi kontrol perilaku dinilai menggunakan modifikasi kuesioner Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi logistik ganda. Sebanyak 61,5% ibu memiliki intensi kuat memberikan ASI eksklusif. Persepsi kontrol perilaku paling dominan berhubungan dengan intensi pemberian ASI eksklusif, (p=0,007; Odds Ratio 3,030; 95% CI 1,361-6,746). Faktor lainnya yang berhubungan dengan intensi adalah sikap, keterpaparan ibu terhadap ASI eksklusif dari media sosial, dukungan tenaga kesehatan, pengalaman menyusui sebelumnya, dan pekerjaan ibu dengan persepsi kontrol perilaku tinggi berpeluang tiga kali lebih besar memiliki ‘intensitinggi’ untuk memberikan ASI eksklusif dibandingkan ibu berpersepsi kontrol perilaku rendah
Risk Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight
Get PDFNeonatal deaths are associated with preterm birth complications. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors associated with LBW. This was a crosssectional study held in Bulu Primary Health Care, Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia. The sample size required for this study was 69 based on the Slovin formula. Data were collected using questionnaires and semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire forms. Data on infant birth weight was taken from midwives’ delivery cohort records. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), hemoglobin level, blood pressure, maternal age, parity, nutritional intake, and serum transferrin receptor data were taken from the infant’s mother using a MUAC tape, automatic blood pressure monitor and blood laboratory analysis by Prodia. Data analysis procedures were carried out with quantitative methods. Descriptive statistics were analyzed as means and standard deviations. Inferential statistics used the chi-square test for bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression for multivariate analysis. The results of this study showed thatmean infant birth weight was 2917.68 ± 374.673 kg. Inferential analysis showed that MUAC and pregnancy at a risky age were significant risk factors associated with LBW, while serum transferrin receptor levels, anemia, parity, energy and protein consumption levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were nonsignificant risk factors. The probability of LBW in pregnant women with LILA under 23.5 cm and pregnancy at a risky age was 68.9%
Family Support as a Factor Influencing the Provision of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Adolescent Mothers in Bantul, Yogyakarta
Get PDFThe number of adolescent pregnancies in Indonesia is still very high. Sewon Subdistrict had the highest number of adolescent deliveries in Bantul District in 2015-2016. This study aimed to determine factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding among adolescent mothers in Sewon Subdistrict, Bantul District. This study used cross-sectional study design and a sample size of 45 that were adolescent mothers of 6-24-month-old infants. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis involved bivariate analysis using chi-square test and fisher’s exact test, while multivariate analysis used logistic regression.Results showed that 53.3% of adolescent mothers did not practice exclusive breastfeeding. Bivariate analysis showed that pregnancy status (p value = 0.029), perception of childbirth experience (p value = 0.045), perception of breastfeeding (p value = 0.005), husband support (p value = 0.009) and family support (p value = 0.000) were correlated to exclusive breasfeeding. Multivariate analysis showed that perception of breastfeeding (p value = 0.015; OR = 9.746) and family support (p value = 0.014; OR = 7.637) as the most influential factors to exclusive breastfeeding among adolescent mothers with a probability of 72.7%.There is low practice of exclusive breastfeeding among adolescent mothers in Bantul, Yogyakarta and family support is the most dominant factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding.AbstrakKehamilan remaja di Indonesia cukup tinggi. Kecamatan Sewon memiliki angka persalinan remaja tertinggi di Kabupaten Bantul pada tahun 2015-2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pemberian ASI eksklusif pada ibu usia remaja di Kecamatan Sewon, Kabupaten Bantul. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dan sampel penelitian berjumlah 45 orang ibu usia remaja yang mempunyai bayi usia 6-24 bulan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Analisis bivariat menggunakan kai kuadrat dan fisher’s exact test, sedangkan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 53.3% ibu usia remaja tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan faktorstatus kehamilan (nilai p = 0.029), persepsi pengalaman melahirkan (nilai p= 0.045), persepsi menyusui (nilai p= 0.005), dukungan suami (nilai p= 0.009), dukungan keluarga (nilai p = 0,000) berhubungan dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan persepsi menyusui (nilai p = 0.015; RP = 9.746) dan faktor dukungan keluarga (nilai p = 0,014; RP = 7,637) sebagai faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan probabilitas sebesar 72.7%. Masih rendahnya pemberian ASI ekslusif pada ibu remaja di Bantul, Yogyakarta, dan dukungan keluarga merupakan faktor paling dominan yang memengaruhi pemberian ASI eksklusif pada ibu usia remaja
Utilization of Styrofoam as Soundproofing Material with Auditory Frequency Range
Get PDFThe utilization of bricks made of styrofoam is expectedly able to be a soundproof for noise control and as a preventive action to reduce the steadily increasing prevalence of hearing loss. This study aimed to assess the use of sound absorption material in which styrofoam was utilized to reduce the noise exposure. In this study, fine aggregates (sand and styrofoam) were made with a mixture of cement with a composition of 1:4 and 1:6, also the addition of polystyrene waste with a percentage of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. Determination of acoustical property of the mixture was done by testing the sound absorption coefficient (α) using Four Microphones Impedance Tube (ISO 140-3). The results showed that the highest value of absorption coefficient was at a frequency of 800 Hz with an additional 80% styrofoam for the composition of 1:4 at 0.4100 dB and at a frequency of 800 Hz with an additional 40% styrofoam for the composition of 1:6 at 0.5870 dB
Early Inititation of Breastfeeding and Vitamin A Supplementation with Nutritional Status of Children Aged 6-59 Months
Get PDFToddler period, especially the first two years of life is considered as golden age for children because of their rapid growth and development. Therefore, the occurrence of nutritional disorders in the period can be permanent and irreversible. This study tried to assess correlation between early initiation of breastfeeding and vitamin A with nutritional status. The total of samples analyzed in this study was 1,592 toddlers aged 6-59 months that were drawn from 2015 Indonesia Nutritional Status Monitoring Survey in Bengkulu. Data including age, sex, early initiation of breastfeeding, birth length, birth weight, vitamin A supplementation were collected by using questionnaire. Weight and height of children were obtained through anthropometric measurements. More than half of the toddlers (54.6%) did not get early initiation of breastfeeding. Based on multivariate analysis results, most dominant variables related to weight/age, height/age and weight/height indicators were early initiation of breastfeeding and Vitamin A supplementation. Toddlers who did not get early initiation of breastfeeding are at risk of 1.555 times stunting compared to toddlers who got early initiation of breastfeeding. The most dominant variable related to height/age isvitamin A supplementation. Children who do not get vitamin A supplementation are at risk of stunting 2.402 times compared to children who get vitamin A supplementation.AbstrakMasa balita, khususnya dua tahun pertama kehidupan merupakan usia emas bagi anak karena pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya yang cepat. Oleh karena itu, terjadinya gangguan nutrisi pada masa itu bisa bersifat permanen dan tidak dapat diubah. Penelitian ini mengkaji hubungan antara inisiasi dini pemberian air susu ibu dan vitamin A dengan status gizi. Total sampel yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini adalah 1.592 anak di bawah lima tahun (balita) berusia 6-59 bulan yang diambil dari Pemantauan Status Gizi Indonesia 2015 di Bengkulu. Data termasuk usia, jenis kelamin, inisiasi menyusui dini, panjang kelahiran,berat lahir, suplementasi vitamin Adikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Berat dan tinggi anak diperoleh melalui pengukuran antropometri. Lebih dari setengah balita (54,6%) tidak mendapat inisiasi menyusui dini. Berdasarkan hasil analisis multivariat, variabel yang paling dominan terkait dengan indikator weight/age, height/age dan weight/height adalah inisiasi menyusui dini dan suplemen vitamin A. Balita yang tidak mendapat inisiasi menyusui dini berisiko 1,555 kali me-ngalami stunting dibanding balita yang mendapat inisiasi menyusui dini. Variabel yang paling dominan terkait dengan height/age adalah suplementasi vitamin A. Anak yang tidak mendapatkan suplemen vitamin A berisiko mengalami stunting 2,402 kali dibandingkan anak yang mendapat suplemen vitamin A
Perceived Stigma in People Affected by Leprosy in Leprosy Village of Sinatala, Tangerang District, Banten Province, Indonesia
No full textLeprosy is a disease of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) which becomes a global problem and causes the perceived stigma in people affected by leprosy. This study aimed to determine most dominant factors affecting perceived stigma in people affected by leprosy in leprosy village of Sitanala, Tangerang District, Banten Province, Indonesia. The data used was secondary data taken from cross-sectional survey of a thesis which determined factors related to perceived stigma of leprosy in leprosy village of Sitanala, Tangerang, Indonesia. Samples were selected by purposive sampling. The results of the study showed that factors related to perceived stigma were level of education, perception of knowledge about leprosy, level of disability, and cultural values. There was modification effect between the level of disability and perception of knowledge about leprosy, OR1=4.82 (95% CI 1.26-18,34) and OR2=1.18 (95% CI 0.2-6.98). The dominant factor is level of education with PAR% = 38.8%
Adolescent’s Knowledge and Skill to Refuse Drugs
Get PDFVarious efforts have been made to prevent adolescents from the drug use, despite their knowledge and skill to refuse drugs have never been evaluated. Thisstudy was aimed to describe the adolescents knowledge and skill to refuse drugs and their relation to the characteristics. This was an analytic study conductedin 300 students at the seventh grade aged 12-15 years old in two cities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. Variables studied were adolescent’sknowledge, skill to refuse drugs, and their characteristics. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire, then analyzed using Pearson correlationtest and Spearman rho, with 95% level of significance. The findings showed that the average score of adolescent's knowledge of drugs was 66.39+17.48 andthe score of skills to refuse drugs was 55.62+16.49. There was a significant relation between knowledge and skills (p = 0.05). There was no significant relationbetween the young adolescent’s characteristics (age and sex) with their knowledge and skills to refuse the drug offered. This study concludes that the skill torefuse drugs tends to increase as the adolescents get older, and no significant relation between knowledge and skill to refuse drugs offered by sex and ages.AbstrakBerbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mencegah remaja dari penggunaan narkoba, kendatipun evaluasi pengetahuan dan keterampilan remaja menolaknarkoba belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 300 remaja, siswa kelas 7 atau setara usia 12-15 tahun di dua kota di Provinsi DaerahIstimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian analitik bertujuan mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan, keterampilan remaja menolak narkoba, dan hubungan keduanyadengan karakteristik remaja. Variabel yang diteliti adalah pengetahuan remaja tentang narkoba, keterampilan menolak narkoba, dan karakteristik remaja,yang dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner (self-reported questionnaire). Data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Pearson dan Spearman rho, dengantingkat signifikansi 95 persen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai pengetahuan remaja tentang narkoba 66,39+17,48 dan nilai keterampilanmenolak narkoba 55,62+16,49 dengan nilai maksimun 100. Terdapat hubungan secara bermakna antara variabel pengetahuan dan keterampilan dengannilai p = 0,05. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keterampilan menolak narkoba cenderung meningkat dengan bertambahnya usia, namun tidak terdapathubungan bermakna antara karakteristik remaja (usia dan jenis kelamin) dengan pengetahuan tentang narkoba dan keterampilan menolak tawaran narkoba
The Effect of Health Insurance on Institutional Delivery in Indonesia
Get PDFAbstractInstitutional delivery has an impact on the decline in maternal mortality rate. In Indonesia, institutional delivery increases every year, but there are still 30%-37% mothers who deliver at home. Unfortunately, the increase is not in line with maternal mortality reduction, so that Indonesia does not achieve the fifth MDGs goal. To achieve Universal Health Coverage, Indonesia implements National Health Insurance (NHI). NHI integrates four types of health insurance, namely Askes/ASABRI, Jamsostek, Jamkesmas and Jamkesda. One of its benefits is maternal health services. Health insurance can address financial barriers on delivery in health facility. By using secondary data of National Basic Health Research 2013 and Village Potential 2011 data, this study aimed to analyze effect of health insurance on institutional delivery in Indonesia. Samples were 39,942 women aged 15-49 years old who gave birth to their last child during 2010-2013. The study used econometric approach by applying probit and bivariate probit as estimation model to estimate the effect with consideration to endogeneity issue of health insurance. The results found that health insurance was likely to increase institutional delivery by 39.52%. In conclusion, women who have health insurance prefer to deliver birth at health facility compared to those who do not have health insurance.AbstrakPemanfaatan pelayanan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan berdampak pada menurunnya angka kematian ibu (AKI). Di Indonesia, persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya, tetapi masih terdapat sekitar 30% ibu yang bersalin di rumah. Sayangnya, peningkatan pemanfaatan pelayanan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan tersebut tidak diimbangi dengan penurunan AKI, sehingga Indonesia tidak berhasil mencapai target MDGs. Untuk mencapai Universal Health Coverage, Indonesia mengimplementasikan program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) yang mengintegrasikan empat jaminan kesehatan, yaitu Askes/ASABRI, Jamsostek, Jamkesmas, dan Jamkesda. Jaminan kesehatan dapat mengatasi kendala biaya pada persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan. Dengan menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013 dan data Potensi Desa 2011 sebagai sumber data, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bahwa kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan meningkatkan pemanfaatan pelayanan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan di Indonesia. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 39.942 perempuan berusia 15-49 tahun yang melahirkan anak terakhir dalam periode waktu 2010-2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan ekonometri dengan model estimasi probit dan bivariat probit untuk mengestimasi efek jaminan kesehatan dengan mempertimbangkan isu endogenitas pada jaminan kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan meningkatkan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan sebesar 39,52%. Sebagai kesimpulan, ibu yang memiliki jaminan kesehatan akan lebih memanfaatkan fasilitas kesehatan saat persalinan dibandingkan dengan ibu yang tidak memiliki jaminan kesehatan
Husband’s Support for Their Wives in Antenatal Care Visit
Get PDFIn Cimanggis Primary Health Care, Depok City, the coverage of both the first antenatal care visit (ANC) and the fourth ANC was 99.4% (2013) and 91%(2014). The husband support is one of the factors that plays an important role in mothers’ ANC visit. This study aimed to assess predisposing, enabling, andreinforcing factors of the husband support towards their wives’ ANC visit. This was a qualitative study using a Rapid Assessment Procedure. Five husbandsof pregnant women and their wives were recruited as informants. Two midwives from the primary health care were the key informants. Data were analysedusing matrix of qualitative data and thematic analysis technique. Results showed that those three factors, meaning that predisposing, enabling and reinforcingfactors of the husband were very important in motivating their pregnant wives to do ANC during pregnancy.AbstrakDi wilayah Puskesmas Cimanggis, Kota Depok, cakupan kunjungan antenatal pertama (K1) dan kunjungan ke-4 (K4) sebesar 99,4% (2013) dan 91% (2014).Dukungan suami ibu hamil merupakan salah satu faktor yang berperan penting dalam kunjungan antenatal pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilaifaktor predisposisi, pemungkin dan penguat dari dukungan suami terhadap ANC istrinya dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain RapidAssessment Procedure. Lima suami dan istrinya yang sedang hamil dipilih sebagai informan serta dua bidan puskesmas sebagai informan kunci. Analisisdata menggunakan matriks data kualitatif dan teknik analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor predisposisi, pemungkin dan penguat darisuami sangat penting dalam mendorong ibu hamil melakukan kunjungan antenatal pada saat kehamilan
The Influence of Exclusive Breastfeeding to Emotional Development of Children Aged 48-60 Months
Get PDFImpaired emotional development is a problem faced by children and this can negatively impact on function, development and readiness of their school. Exclusive breastfeeding is able to meet brain development needs that affect child development. This study aimed to determine correlation between exclusive breastfeeding and emotional development of children aged 48-60 months. This study used historical cohort.The subjects of this study were 7-12-month old infants living in area of Borobudur Primary Health Care Primary Health Care, Central Java Province, Indonesia in 2011-2012. Independent variable of exclusive breastfeeding was when infants received only breast milk without any supplementary food or drink including water since birth until the age of 6 months. Data were obtained from medical records of children. The emotional development was assessed directly by using questionnaires on emotional and mentalproblems. Data analysis used cox regression. This study found that provision of exclusive breast milk was evidently correlated with child’s emotional development. Infants who did not receive exclusive breastfeeding had 2.96 higher risk of having abnormal emotional development than infants who received exclusive breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding greatly influences emotional development of the child