Kesmas: National Public Health Journal
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Policy Implementation: Teachers’ Role as First Responders in Emergencies and Disasters
Get PDFDuring the past decade, the schoolchildren faced many disasters and emergencies originating from natural and man-made sources. The safety of schoolchildren rests with school management and teachers. This study aimed to assess teachers' awareness with regard to disaster prevention and health, safety, security, and environment (HSSE) policies at primary schools in Pakistan. In addition, it explores the suitability of teachers to perform as emergency handlers in the absence of school nurses and resource officers (SROs). The study involved a qualitative study, based on open-ended interviews from a sample of 25 school teachers. Methodology triangulation was applied to reduce bias. Results revealed that the majority of teachers do not know about national policies related to school safety and security. Most of the teachers had been assigned additional roles as safety officers at the school, though they lack relevant training. Moreover, neither safety nor security aspects are incorporated into national educational policy. This study was the first study on Pakistani teachers’roles as emergency first responders. With the highest rate of attacks on educational institutions globally, the region still lacks a coherent policy structure. The study found numerous inconsistencies in public policies. It seeks to contribute to the literature to better understand the educational safety environment at both the ground and policy levels
Association between Social Media Exposure to Food and Beverages with Nutrient Intake of Female Adolescents
Get PDFCommunication technology development has influenced adolescent food choices and intakes. This study aimed to investigate the association between social media exposure to food and beverage content and nutrient intake among female adolescents. The study was conducted in a cross-sectional design. The targeted population was 104 female students aged 14–18 years old at 'XY' High School in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Eighty-one subjects were chosen by clustered random sampling. Data were collected by interviews using structured questionnaires and a 3x24-hour recall method. Data analyses were conducted by chi-square, Fisher exact tests, and logistic regression. The median and standard deviations of social-media, the duration, frequency, and the number of accounts were 2.3±3.00 hours/access, 2.0±2.00 times/day, and 3.6±2.46 accounts/access, respectively. Mean and standard deviations of adequacy levels for energy 107.4±15.39% and protein 124.8±25.8%. Duration of social-media exposures (p-value = 0.040) and body image (p-value= 0.040) were associated with food selection. Food selection was associated with energy (p-value = 0.003) and protein (p-value = 0.002) adequacy levels. After controlling for body image, social-media exposure duration > 2.3 hours had an OR of 3.4 for selecting the accessed foods. It was concluded that social media exposure duration was associated with food selection, which was then associated with energy and protein intakes
Relationship between Spirituality and Acceptance of Illness Level in Bipolar Patients
Get PDFBipolar disorder is a chronic mental condition that affects patients’ quality of life. The management process is affected by acceptance of illness. The ability to accept the illness is related to the spirituality level which is something that is held strongly by Indonesian people. There has been very little research related to the relationship between spirituality with bipolar disorder. This study aimed to analyze relationship between spirituality levels with acceptance of illness in patients with bipolar disorder. This study is a correlational study using questionnaire from bipolar disorder patients contacted through Harmony in Diversity online community as a sample. Samples were taken in total sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The numbers of samples were 30 samples. Calculation of the correlation between acceptance of illness in patients with bipolar disorder with vertical spirituality (RWB) (p = 0.050) (r = 0.306), horizontal spirituality (EWB) (p = 0.001) (r = 0.556), and general spirituality (SWB) (p = 0.007) (r = 0.444). There is a significant positive correlation between acceptance of illness in patients with bipolar disorder and general spirituality with a more significant horizontal dimension compared to vertical dimension
Handling of Public Stigma on COVID-19 in Indonesian Society
Get PDFCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, their families, health workers, and cemetery officials are not only haunted by tragedies of the new coronavirus but are also stigmatized by the community. Stigma can be very detrimental to social life because it can be long-lasting without proper social measures. This qualitative study examined some cases of stigma in Indonesia. The interview was broadcast both live and online by a private television station, on April 15, 2020, and supplementary informationwas obtained from reliable news stories published by various mass media and from interviews with various groups of people. We identified the limited availability of personal protective equipment among health workers, a public lack of clear understanding regarding COVID-19, the distortion of news by various media, and a lack of clarity among those responsible for providing education, information, and communication. The government has not acted in a sufficiently prompt mannerto prevent the spread of imported infectious diseases, resulting in local transmission and creating various stigmasamong local communities. Although the infection has already begun to spread, the government must continue toensure the correct understanding and clear mechanismsfor how to prevent COVID-19 among the public
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Turkish Women on Breast and Cervical Cancer in Karabük Province, Turkey
Get PDFBreast and cervical cancer incidence and mortality among women have been increasing worldwide. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate women's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding breast and cervical cancers. The sample was composed of 507 women aged 18 years and older who were admitted to a primary health care center in Karabük, Turkey, from October to December 2019. The data was obtained using a questionnaire consisting of 34 questions regarding participants’ socio demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward breast and cervical cancers. The mean age of the participants was 41.3±12.0 years and 68.4% of them were married. Slightly more than seven in ten participants knew that the most common cancer in women was breast cancer. Almost six in ten knew that breast self-examination was the first method in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Breast self examination practice was found to be significant among university graduates. Periodic mammography and pap smear screenings among participants were 21.9% and 23.3%, respectively. Only 3.4% of participants had received the HPV vaccine and there was no significant difference between socio-demographic characteris tics and HPV vaccination status (p-value > 0.05). Participants had moderate knowledge about breast and cervical cancer. Access to cancer screening programs should be facilitated and increased, considering these cancers' public health importance
Acceleration of Telemedicine Use for Chronic Neurological Disease Patients during COVID-19 Pandemic in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A Case Series Study
Get PDFCOVID-19 preventions have cut access to routine medical care, especially for many chronic neurological disease patients. This condition has especially promoted telemedicine use in providing healthcare. This study aims to review telemedicine use catalyzed by several regulations of the Indonesian Government and review 20 cases from Bethesda Hospital in Yogyakarta providing online consultation services. Perceptions of experience on telemedicine were collected from neurological patients at the hospital who were asked about their impressions of consultations and pharmacy medication services, and their suggestions about the new system in outpatient consultations. The regulations for telemedicine use are relevant because of these patients’ risks related to comorbidities and treatments. Of 20 respondents involved in this study, 15 (75%) were satisfied with the service, 3 (15%) very satisfied, and 2 (10%) others neutral. Most respondents suggest improvement of reimbursement (80%) and others suggest improvement on medications (10%) and services (10%). System and hospital requirements for telemedicine services for neurological cases have been accelerated due to the pandemic. Telemedicine is a way to provide healthcare needed by patients at high risks for COVID-19 fatality related to comorbidities and treatments. Payment regulations, regulatory structures, state licensing, and credentialing across hospitals for better telemedicine experience need to be enhanced
Qualitative Exploration of Experiences and Consequences of Health-related Stigma among Indonesians with HIV, Leprosy, Schizophrenia and Diabetes
Get PDFHealth-related stigma causes a negative impact on the lives of affected people and undermines the effectiveness of public health programs. This study aimedto explore experiences and consequences of stigma among people affected by four health conditions relevant in Indonesia– HIV (Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus), leprosy, schizophrenia and diabetes. In this qualitative study 40 people affected by the four health conditions in Jakarta and West Java, Indonesia–,were interviewed between March and June 2018. Data were analyzed thematically by following an integrative inductive-deductive approach. The experiencesand consequences of people with stigma were similar, but such experience were more severe among people affected by HIV, leprosy, and schizophrenia.Those with diabetes either experienced no or less severe stigma. The participants revealed that they experienced enacted stigma in healthcare, employment,and social interactions in the structural and interpersonal levels. They also experience the stigma in the form of internalized and anticipated stigma at an individual level. Incidences of human rights violations were evident. Social, behavioral, psychological, and medical consequences were also reported
Identifying the Weak Foundation of Public Health Resilience forNational Disaster Policy in Indonesia’s Mid-term DevelopmentAgenda 2015–2019: A Policy Content Analysis
Get PDFIndonesia is one of the most susceptible nations toward natural disasters in the world. Since 1992, approximately 37 tsunami incidents have occurred inIndonesia, with at least 1,244 cases of natural disasters during 2018. Despite the overwhelming impact of disasters on Indonesia, Public Health Resilience,as an approach to disaster countermeasures, has been poorly elaborated in Indonesia’s development agenda (National Mid-term Development Plan (NMDP),or Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN), 2015 - 2019). By utilizing the method of policy content analysis, this study aimed to analyzethe policy background of Public Health Resilience against disasters in the NMDP 2015 - 2019 and National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)’s, orBadan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB),Strategic Plan 2015 - 2019. The results showed that the NMDP 2015 - 2019 and NDMA‘s Strategic Plan2015 - 2019 lack the scientific background for Public Health Resilience building in Indonesia. Enhancing the scientific background in these plans will enhancefocus on evidence-based Public Health Resilience establishment
Myths about Menstrual Personal Hygiene among FemaleAdolescents
Get PDFPoor personal hygiene during menstruation among adolescents can lead to urinary tract infection, reproductive tract infection, and skin irritation. This studyaimed to determine the relationship between belief in myths and personal hygiene during menstruation. Cross-sectional quantitative study was conductedusing a sample of 119 10th grade female students from Tangerang 13 State Senior High School selected through purposive sampling. Logistic regressionanalysis was used in this study to determine the relationship between myths and personal hygiene after age of menarche, attitude, socioeconomic status,information, and maternal education were controlled. In the bivariate selection, modeling was completed by entering confounding and interaction variablesthen reducing the confounding variables by examining changes in the odds ratio. Results showed that the students who believed the myths were 3.7 timesmore likely to not practice personal hygiene during menstruation compared with those who did not believe the myths after attitude and status socioeconomicstatus were controlled. No interaction was observed between the myths and socioeconomic status
Adverse Effect of Aerosol Pesticide on Lung Dysfunction amongPaddy Farmers in Purworejo, Central Java, Indonesia
Get PDFThe World Health Organization estimated that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will be the highest non-communicable disease worldwide by2030, and pesticide exposure is one of major risk factors. This study aimed to determine effect of pesticide exposure on lung dysfunction among paddyfarmers. A case-control study was performed on April - May 2016 in Purworejo. The case group comprised 66 farmers suffering from lung dysfunction during2015 based on medical records, while the control group comprised 59 neighboring farmers showing normal lung function. Both case and control groups weretested using a spirometer and COPD assessment test (CAT) questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis of pesticide quantity (OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.317 -1.754) and duration of spraying (OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.430 - 2.891) adjusted for confounders showed no clear associations. Pesticide remained a potentialhealth risk for lung dysfunction due to farming duration (OR = 5.61; 95% CI = 1.124 - 27.990) adjusted by age, personal protective equipment, records of lungdisease, smoking habit, dust exposure, and indoor air pollution. The farming duration was revealed to be a risk factor, but no clear association was found between quantity and duration of spraying to lung dysfunction