Kesmas: National Public Health Journal
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Religious Leader’s Support toward Individual at Risk ofHIV/AIDS to Attend Voluntary Counselling and Testing Service
Full text linkReligious leader is a figure who is believed to have the gift of healing. A person with illness will follow any advice the religious leader gives for his/her recovery.Based on the phenomenon, religious leader is a potential local figure to give support for individuals at risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) andacquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study aimed to determine factors related to religious leader’s support toward individuals at risk of HIV andAIDS to attend voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) service. This study was an observational analytical with cross-sectional design. The population of thisstudy was religious leader in Kupang City. The sample size was 70 people selected through random sampling technique. The data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed using chi-square and multiple logistic regression test. Factors significantly related to the religious leaders supports’ for individuals atrisk of HIV and AIDS to get VCT were knowledge (OR = 9.01; 95% CI = 1.73 - 47.07), servant leadership (OR = 11.67; 95% CI = 2.44 - 55.84, trust (OR =11.55; 95% CI = 2.35 - 56.70) and perception (OR = 6.12; 95% CI = 1.26 - 29.71). Social capital had no significant effect on the religious leader support’s (OR= 1.06; 95% CI = 0.22 - 5.12). It is necessary to improve religious leader’s knowledge of HIV and AIDS
Adaptation and Validation of the Tamil (Sri Lanka) Version ofthe Montreal Cognitive Assessment
Full text linkThe study aimed to develop the Tamil (Sri Lanka) version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and investigate its reliability and validity as a briefscreening tool for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Tamil-speaking Sri Lankan elderly with normal cognition and MCI were recruited from a neurology clinic.Adaptation of the English MoCA to the Tamil (Sri Lanka) involved context-specific content modification and translation. The content validity, reliability, sensitivity,and specificity of the tool were evaluated. Study participants were 184 older adults, comprising 85 with normal cognition and 99 neurologist-diagnosed MCI.The tool had high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.83). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed an area under the curve of 0.87(95% CI = 0.83 - 0.91) for detecting MCI. The optimal cut-off score for detection of MCI was 23/24, yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 84.7% and 76.4%,respectively. The Tamil (Sri Lankan) version of the MoCA maintains its core diagnostic properties rendering it a valid and reliable tool for screening of MCIamong Tamil speaking Sri Lankan older adults.
Evaluation of Program for Overcoming Intestinal Worm Infections among Children
Full text linkPrevalence of intestinal worm infection in generall is extremely high in Indonesia among the poor population with poor sanitation. One of the government programs to address this problem is the distribution of medicines to prevent intestinal worm infections. However, the coverage of the achievement for this program is still low in several areas of public health centers in Palembang. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the national program for preventing intestinal worm infections. The qualitative research design used evaluation model approach Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) model. This study was conducted in one of health centers in Palembang City. The informants were selected using purposive sampling method. Data collection was done via in-depth interviews, document reviews, and observations. Descriptive content analysis was used to examine and process the collected data. Results showed that, from situational factor, the program is held by the government because of the high prevalence of intestinal worm infection. The study found the input component, limited staff that handles this program. There were limited facilities for the extension of the infrastructure. In the process component, the distribution of the drug albendazole was not optimal in all elementary schools. Four elementary schools did not receive albendazole. This study demonstrated that the implementation of the program was not optima
Analysis of Epidemiological Surveillance Activity of the COVID-19 at Surabaya Airport Indonesia on January 2020
Full text linkThe Surabaya Port Health Office (PHO) Class I is tasked with the disease prevention by detection, response and protection at entrance gates for the sea- and airports and over the state cross-border posts regarding Public Health Emergency of International Concern situation of COVID-19. This analysis aims to assess activities of early warning alert and response system to COVID-19 at Juanda International Airport on January 2020 and provides recommendations to enhance the system in the future. The method used includes interviewing four informants, studying of documents and directing field-observation by following regular activities of PHO representatives, who supervise, inspect General Declarations, distribute, and collect the Health Alert Card (HAC) and monitor body temperature of travelers. The analysis uses a system approach (input, process, output) and a 4M model with modification by adding time, technology and information variables. Activities in the early warning alert and response system of COVID-19 are in accordance with the Preparedness Guidelines by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The outputs of reported activities have been classified as appropriate. The HAC form is lacking as a source of COVID-19 surveillance with regards to address information, which often being misinterpreted by travelers. It is necessary to add additional questions regarding the destination address of travelers in Indonesia, and to educate on how to fill in a HAC correctly through a completed example form; communication and direction from Surabaya PHO Class I operatives are also necessary so that the effectiveness of HAC can be maximized
Hygiene and Sanitation Challenge for COVID-19 Prevention in Indonesia
Full text linkThe case of Covid-19 in Indonesia continues to increase, transmitted directly and indirectly. Hygiene and sanitation approaches are needed for prevention. the purpose of this review is to review how the transmission COVID-19, the challenges of Indonesia, and the policy of COVID-19 prevention with hygiene and sanitation approaches. The results show Indonesia's challenges namely urban area density, air pollution, and smokers, low hand washing habits, low access to clean water and drinking water, open defecation behavior, limited personal protective equipment. COVID-19 control policy with the hygiene sanitation approach is carried out with 4 factors namely personal protect equipment, health education, personal hygiene, and sanitation
Initiating Global Civil Society as a Strategy for Handling the COVID-19 Public Health Threat: A Policy Review
Full text linkThe spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a serious impact on public health. The speed and extentof its spread havedemonstrated a global failure to cultivate awareness and cooperation in responseto the threat. Therefore, in order to improve public awareness and the management of public health threats, we propose a strategy to initiate global civil society. Using Walt and Gilson's policy triangle framework for policy analysis, we reviewed and analysed a series of articles and policies related to COVID-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA), health resilience in the context of globalization, as well as other countries’ experiences. We also explored constitutional obligations, public health legislation, collaboration of civil society, and policies related to public health, as well as their implementation. Every country has its own public policy strategy for handling COVID-19. One possible solution is to expand the GHSA commitments and bind all countries that have signed the agreement to a single public policy strategy for the handling of COVID-19. The poor handling of the COVID-19 outbreak has demonstrated the need for Indonesia’s civil society collaborativelyoversee the Indonesia’s government’s implementationof its constitutional obligations. The government mustmake public health security a top priority, and collectives of educated individuals with a strong, shared vision must harness the power of non-governmental advocacy
COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate and Detection Ability in Indonesia
Full text linkThe world is currently experiencing a COVID-19 pandemic. More than 5 million people have been infected with COVID-19 and more than 300 thousand have died from this virus worldwide. In Indonesia, the number of infected people has reached more than twenty thousand people and more than one thousand people have died from this virus. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Case Fatality Rate was a very important measure for many people because death is very important to each person, including questions of when and how death will occur and whether there is any way to delay it. However, caution is needed in calculating and displaying CFR. This paper will present the uses and the weaknesses of CFR in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia
Pre-testing of the WHO’s Educational Video: “How to Protect Yourself Against COVID-19”
Full text linkThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a public health emergency in many countries, including Indonesia. The World Health Organization (WHO) released an educational video, entitled "How to Protect Yourself Against COVID-19", which explained how to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This study is a qualitative study that aims to pre-test this video, based on the Information, Education, Communication (IEC) theory, by analyzing teenagers’ perceptions of the video. The design used was a Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP), and the data were collected by conducting in-depth interviews with participants, through virtual meetings. The data were analyzed using a qualitative data matrix and thematic analysis. The results showed that all participants found the video regarding the prevention of COVID-19 spread to be attractive and comprehensible. In addition, the participants felt that the contents of the video were not contradictory to their personal values and that the message was targeted to everyone, including themselves. The video was also perceived to be persuasive. Overall, the participants held a generally positive perception of the video.
Evaluation of Anthropometric Parameters of Central Obesity among Professional Drivers: A Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis
Full text linkDifferent anthropometric parameters have been proposed for assessing central obesity. The diagnostic performance of these anthropometric parameters and their ability to correctly measure central obesity for the professional community, like drivers, is questionable and needs to be assessed. The study aimed to examine the diagnostic performance of anthropometric parameters as indicators of central obesity in drivers as measured by waist circumference (WC) and to determine the best cut-off values for these parameters that would identify obese drivers. Anthropometric measurements from a cross-sectional sample of 197 professional drivers were taken under standard protocol. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to examine the diagnostic performance and to determine the optimal cut-off point of each anthropometric parameter to identify centrally obese drivers. It was found that WC had a significant positive correlation with all other obesity indicators. The ROC curve analysis indicated that all the parameters analyzed had a good performance, but the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) had a more predictive value of the area under the curve (AUC). Optimal cut-offs to identify central obesity in drivers were 0.55, 2.06, 0.95, and 25.44 for WHtR, conicity index, waist-to-hip ratio, and body mass index, respectively. These cut-off points for different indicators can be used to detect central obesity for drivers.
Ultraviolet Exposure and Photokeratitis Complaints among Informal Welding Workers in Depok, West Java, Indonesia
Full text linkOne of the photokeratitis risk factors is acute reversible radiation of ultraviolet (UV) rays, which injure the cornea's epithelial tissue. Informal welding workers are susceptible populations to UV rays exposure. This study aimed to confirm the influence of UV radiation exposure on photokeratitis complaints in welding workers in Cimanggis, Depok, West Java. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June 2019 and used to select 100 welding workers purposively. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to determine photokeratitis complaints, age, education level, eye protection, safety knowledge, and work period; the UV radiation measured by A UV meter. Data were analyzed using a logistic regression test. We found the proportion of photokeratitis to be 84.0%, with 76.0% of UV radiation exceeding the Threshold Limit Values (TLV). The logistic regression test showed a significant effect of UV radiation on photokeratitis after controlling confounding variables (education level, eye protection, safety knowledge, and welding distance) (p-value = 0.006; AdjOR = 7.236; 95% CI: 1.74–30.07). It can be concluded that UV radiation, more than TLV, constitutes the primary risk factor for photokeratitis complaints. Risks for photokeratitis were influenced by low education level, poor eye protection, limited safety knowledge, and welding distance ≤ 45 cm