Kesmas: National Public Health Journal
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Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Solar Radiation Exposure and COVID-19 Cases in Jakarta 2020
Full text linkTo date, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still a threat to public health systems around the world. As of July 25, 2021, the numbers were still increasing in most countries, and the total confirmed cases reached 194,582,750 with 4,171,672 deaths (CFR 2.1%). In Indonesia, 3,166,505 cases were reported with 83,279 deaths (CFR 2.7%) in all provinces and dominated by cases from Jakarta. Therefore, this study aimed to find a correlation and the duration of solar radiation exposure spatially on the pattern of COVID-19 cases. An ecological design was used based on time and place with the integration of geographic information systems and statistical techniques. The correlation test results between solar radiation exposure and COVID-19 cases in Jakarta showed a significant relationship (p = 0.000) with a strong closeness and positive pattern (r = 0.666). Furthermore, the spatial map overlaying solar radiation exposure and COVID-19 cases showed urban villages with high radiation tend to increase in cases earlier than areas with moderate and low. The differences in geographical and temporal conditions are a concern for the Provincial Health Office. This can be a consideration in strengthening more specific prevention and control programs according to the risk level and characteristics of each region
Reasons for Unwanted Pregnancy among Women of Childbearing Age (15-19 Years) in Jambi Province
Full text linkThe occurrence of unwanted pregnancy (UP) among women of childbearing age (WCA) has been reported to be increasing in various regions, however, this incidence has not been assessed among the adolescents of 15-19 years age group, in Jambi City. The factors influencing this occurrence includes individual, family, and environmental determinants. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of UP among WCA (15-19 years) in Jambi Province. A cross-sectional design was used, while the participants (307 women aged 15-19 years) were selected in Jambi City and West Tanjung Jabung District, using the Multistage Random Sampling. The analytical method used was the Multiple Logistic Regression of alpha 5%. The results showed that the prevalence of UP among WCA (age 15-19 years) was 1.6%, compared to 50% of those that were married. The dominant factor of UP includes the use of contraceptives with an adjusted-odds ratio of 74.5 (95% CI = 3.58-1,549.02), while the control used were the job of WCA, knowledge, dating behaviour, accesses to information media and health facilities, as well as family education. Therefore, it is suggested that creative, innovative, informative promotions, and education were needed via the social media. Besides, the optimization and strengthening of the Gen-Re go to school program should be carried out, as well as synergizing the cross-sectoral activities, government, private sector, and the community (especially parents)
Efficacy of Cloth Mask in Reducing COVID-19 Transmission: A Literature Review
No full textCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health concern. Preventive measures, such as wearing personal protective equipment, must be done. In April 2020, the Center for Disease Control stated cloth face mask was recommended to be used by the public. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of cloth face masks in reducing COVID-19 transmission and to compare the fabric material that suits best for a cloth face mask. Journals included were from databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, search engines, and references from other studies. MeSH keywords, such as "cloth mask efficiency", "surgical mask", "COVID-19" and "filtration performance of common fabrics cloth mask" were used. Studies that used particle microorganisms sized ≤ 0.072 m were included in this study. Studies show that cloth face mask still can filter to a certain extent, however, it is inferior compared to surgical mask. Results show that the efficacy of cloth face mask depends on its fabric, and that polyester provides the best filtration efficiency. However, the pressure drop of polyester is unknown and more studies should be done
Family Planning Communication between Wives and Husbands: Insights from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey
Full text linkFrequent inter-spousal communication is regarded as an indicator of safe family planning practice. Nevertheless, communication about family planning within couples in Indonesia is still largely unexplored. This study assessed the levels of inter-spousal communication about family planning and its associated determinants, using cross-sectional and nationally representative data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), from a randomly selected cohort of 8,925 currently-married couples. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, inter-spousal communication behaviors, and attitudes regarding family planning were collected. The dependent variable in this study is how frequently couples discuss family planning, based on wives’ responses. The analyses were stratified based on the frequency of inter-spousal communication: never, once or twice, or more often. The results of the study were greater husband approval of family planning and communication with family planning field workers, and that those encouraged inter-spousal communication in Indonesia
Innovative Work Shift for Health Workers in the Health Service Providers in Handling COVID-19 Cases
Full text linkWorking on shifts has the risk of being exposed to health problems, such as obesity and susceptibility to infections and hypertension. However, shift work is unavoidable for workers in sectors that require non-stop operations, such as health workers in the Health Service Providers. This article presented opinion about an optimal shift rotation pattern in reducing the health risks of shift health workers while increasing the effectiveness of the treatment of coronavirus (COVID-19) cases. In general, today’s pattern of shift work for health workers is schemed in the eight-day cycle, in which employees work two days in the morning service for seven hours, two days in the evening service for seven hours, and another two days in the night service for ten hours, then followed by two days off. This pattern has the potential to cause burnout and decrease reaction time. The article identifies a new work shift pattern that can accommodate the risk of burnout while simultaneously assisting in the emergency of the corona outbreak. It emphasises the Morning-Evening-Night-Holiday work pattern as an innovative work model that should replace the old work pattern. There are seven advantages of the new work pattern: biological balance, availability of transportation, rapid recovery, reduced risk of COVID-19 transmission, increased patient satisfaction, increased self-control, and improved performance
Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Eating Habits and Food Purchasing Behaviors of University Students
Full text linkCOVID-19 disease, which spread rapidly all over the world after the first case was detected, became the primary agenda of the countries. Radical measures have been taken by governments to prevent the spread of the disease. Precautions and warnings to prevent disease caused some changes on daily life activities of people. University students who have to stop education are among the groups most affected by this disease sociologically, psychologically and physiologically. The aim of this study was planned and conducted to determine the effect of COVID-19 on university students' eating habits and food purchasing behavior. The study was completed with 866 university students education and training at the faculty of health sciences. Research data was obtained by online questionnaire. This questionnaire has been prepared with the information obtained as a result of the literature review and the opinions of experts by researchers. The questionnaire includes questions about eating habits and food purchasing behaviors. A result of the study, COVID-19 disease caused significant changes in the eating habits and food purchasing behaviors of university students. In general, it was found that the participants increased their consumption compared to before COVID-19, they paid more attention to hygiene while food purchasing
Review of Trial Therapies and Treatment for COVID-19: Lessons for Indonesia
Full text linkThe infectious disease from corona virus, or COVID-19, has quickly spread world-wide since 2019. Therapies for managing COVID-19 have yet to be confirmed as medication for the severe sickness that the disease may cause. This study uses PRISMA guidelines as a method for conducting a systematic literature review. We selected relevant studies published from January 2020 to March 2020 by searching Pubmed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. The research focuses on the treatment of and therapies for COVID-19 only to the patients in the hospital. The inclution 8 articles were screened by using a PRISMA flow after reading 28 abstract and 28 from whole articles. Sixty-seven articles were collected from several online journal databases, and various therapies were found that are effective in the treatment and management of COVID-19. Clinical improvements and Recovery rate have been achieved in a short time compared to standard care only. The findings of the study show that several therapies are effective in managing the severe illness that can be caused by COVID-19. Nevertheless, research into effective therapies for COVID-19 must be continued to find the best therapy and treatment
Vitamin D and Reduced Academic Stress of Health Students
Full text linkStress conditions can reduce academic ability, influencing student grade point averages and encouraging negative behaviors. The object of this research was to discern the influence of vitamin D in the reduction of academic stress of health students. The study used a randomized controlled trial (RCT). The population was midwifery students who lived in the Health Polytechnic dormitory, Ministry of Health, Yogyakarta, in 2017. Samples were 77 students of midwifery who did not suffer from any chronic disease, nor did they experience academic stress. They all agreed to become research subjects. Samples were 39 respondents in a treatment group who were administered 1 tablet of 400 mg of vitamin D supplement daily, for 30 days. A control group was given a placebo. Academic stress was assessed by means of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42). Data were analyzed by using linear regression. The results showed that daily vitamin D supplement reduced academic stress (p-value 0.000 < 0.05). One dose of 400 international units (IU) of vitamin D daily for 30 days could reduce academic stress by 11.28 points. To reduce academic stress, students should consume vitamin D and expose their skin to sun rays with ultraviolet
Effects of Diabetes on The Output of Farmer and Its Policy Implications
Full text linkThis study investigated the impact of diabetes on work performance of different farming communities from Punjab, Pakistan. This study was based on cross-sectional data. A representative sample of 374 farmers was collected from five selected districts. Three types of respondents were analyzed in the study e.g.,laborer, small and large growers. Poisson and logistic regression techniques were used for the sake of analysis. According to the investigated results for thelabor category, respondents with more age, less qualification, low earning per month (Rupees), and having positive record of family diabetes, would havemore leave per month. In the same way, findings for small farmers revealed that education, family size, family with diabetic records, marital status and availability at farm (hour/day) were significant. In case of third category, study outcome highlighted that age, education, marital status, having positive record offamily diabetes and number of hours spent at farm would be positively correlated with the reduction in working efficiency at farm due to diabetes. It can beconcluded that diabetes have negative influence on the work performance of selected farming groups
Correlation of Knowledge and Beliefs to Adherence with Antibiotic Use in Adult Patients at a Private Hospital in Sidoarjo
Full text linkInfectious diseases are one of the top ten causes of death in the world. Antibiotic therapy is administered for infectious diseases, but if bacteria are exposed to antibiotics continuously, then the bacteria are able to adapt to the medication, thereby resulting in antibiotic resistance. This condition results in an increase in mortality, long hospitalization period, and increased cost of antibiotic therapy and health services. Adherence to using antibiotics may be influenced by knowledge and beliefs about them. This study aimed to understand correlation between knowledge and belief with adherence to antibiotic use at a private hospital in Sidoarjo. This cross-sectional study, the data collected in three months period, was conducted with a questionnaire for assessment knowledge and belief. A pill count method was applied for assessment adherence to using antibiotics prescribed by doctors. The study results show that knowledge of the respondents was adequate for 76 people (69.7%), belief was adequate for 74 people (67.9%), and adherence to antibiotic use for 79 people (72%). Regression analysis showed that the variable that significantly influenced the adherence of patients in using antibiotics was perceived threat (p-value = 0,029). Sex, age, education, income, occupation, and marital status have no contribution to antibiotic knowledge, belief, and adherence