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Galectin-1 Expression in Breast Cancer Stroma: Prognostic Value in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
No full textIntroduction: Galectin-1 is a lectin with immunosuppressive effect in different solid tumors. We investigated galectin-1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to determine its prognostic value.Methods: We examined 95 TNBC surgical samples in tissue microarrays with galectin-1 immunohistochemistry (intensity and percentage of staining) and looked for influences on overall and progression free survivals with the help of Kaplan-Meier estimates. Univariable and multivariable Cox regressions were also analyzed.Results: According to Kaplan-Meier curves, a significantly worse overall survival (OS) was found for TNBC patients showing intense or ≥50% galectin-1 stromal interface staining versus those lacking it. Cox regression analyses suggested that galectin-1 expression was an independent prognosticator in TNBC. According to the quantity of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs), significant survival differences depending on galectin-1 status were only seen in the low sTILs (<30%) subset. Multivariable analysis suggested that galectin-1 expression was an independent prognosticator for progression-free survival (PFS).Discussion: The immunosuppressive effects of galectin-1 forming a shield around tumor nests may form an immune-escape mechanism and can explain the worse OS and PFS we found in TNBC. Owing to the exploratory nature of the study, the results need confirmation in order to investigate the potentials of anti-galectin-1 therapies
Másodlagos élőhelyek - Ökovoltaikus parkok: a megújuló energia és a biodiverzitás-fejlesztés szinergiája
No full textUrban flood susceptibility mapping using the AHP model and geospatial tools in Quwaiq River Basin, Aleppo Governorate, Syria
Get PDFPakistan's AML and CFT regime: assessing strategies, challenges and future direction in the evolving financial crime landscape
Get PDFPakistan’s Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Countering the Financing of Terrorism (CFT) framework has undergone significant reforms in response to international pressures, particularly from the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). The country’s inclusion on the FATF grey list from 2008 to 2022 exposed persistent deficiencies within Pakistan’s AML and CFT systems, prompting a series of substantial reforms. Despite these efforts, financial crime rates have remained unchanged, indicating the gap remains between symbolic compliance, such as passing laws, and the substantive reforms needed for rigorous enforcement and effective crime prevention. The lack of inter-agency coordination, resource constraints, and ineffective data management systems exacerbate this gap, creating vulnerabilities in the fight against money laundering (ML) and terrorism financing (TF). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Pakistan’s AML and CFT frameworks and propose strategies for their enhancement. It focuses on identifying the structural, legislative, and operational deficiencies that hinder the country’s progress in combating financial crime and aligning with international standards.The research employs a doctrinal analysis, reviewing the current legal framework and secondary legislative measures, coupled with qualitative content analysis of FATF evaluation reports, legal documents, and relevant academic papers. The study highlights key barriers, including fragmented inter-agency coordination, resource limitations, and ineffective data management. Furthermore, the lack of specialized legal provisions and outdated enforcement technologies exacerbates these issues, contributing to Pakistan’s continued vulnerability to illicit financial activities. To address these deficiencies the study offers actionable recommendations to strengthen Pakistan’s response to the complexities of ML and TF, enhancing its position in the global fight against illicit activities and making them more resilient to the evolving landscape of financial crime
Arrhythmia care in ESC member countries : the 2025 ESC-EHRA atlas on heart rhythm disorders
Get PDFThe ESC-EHRA Atlas on Heart Rhythm Disorders was developed to comprehensively map arrhythmia care across the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) member countries. A survey of National Cardiac Societies, Working Groups, and other EHRA partners in ESC member countries was conducted to gather data from 2023 or the most recently available year on arrhythmia care organization and delivery. In total, 51 ESC member countries actively participated in the study, with a survey completeness rate of 91%. The median number of hospitals performing EP or CIED procedures was 3.3 per million people. The annual median numbers of ablation procedures for heart rhythm disorders, atrial fibrillation, and supraventricular tachycardia per million people were 432, 151, and 136, respectively. The annual median numbers of pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD), and cardiac resynchronization therapy cardioverter-defibrillator (CRT-D) implantations per million people were 739, 195, and 54, respectively. The median number of hospitals performing remote monitoring of CIEDs per million people was 0.5, though this service was unavailable in 15 countries. Two main universal issues emerged among the obstacles to guideline implementation: a lack of heart rhythm allied professionals and general dissatisfaction with the country's reimbursement system. The first edition of the ESC-EHRA Atlas presents up-to-date information on arrhythmia care organization and delivery among ESC member countries and highlights significant discrepancies in patients' access to ESC-guideline-recommended therapies
A fogszabályozás hatása a táplálkozásra, a mentális egészségre és az életminőségre serdülők körében
No full textEcocide - An Evolving Legislative Concept in the Light of Care for Creation
Get PDFIn recent years, ecocide has gained significant support; however, uncertainty remains about the terminology, definition, legal nature of the concept, enforcement, and the reality of ecocide as a viable legal phenomenon. With this book, the author’s primary goal is to provide an insight into the history, definition and future of ecocide, placing it within the “corpus” of public international law. The scope of this work includes international humanitarian law, international environmental law, human rights considerations, and international criminal law. It also collects the definitions of ecocide in law and literature. Furthermore, the author believes that environmental protection has a strong moral and ethical basis, and every one of us is responsible for preserving and protecting our created world. As a result, the book oversteps the traditional boundaries of legal analysis, including eco-ethical and religious considerations
