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Does organized atrial tachycardia after a pulmonary vein isolation-only procedure portend better outcome of repeat ablation compared to recurrent atrial fibrillation?
Get PDFBetter outcome has been suggested for repeat procedures after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, when recurrence presented as organized atrial tachycardia (OAT) compared to recurrent AF. However, this contradicts the finding of more advanced atrial remodeling in patients with OAT recurrence and may be related to iatrogenesis by substrate modification during the index procedure. Therefore, we examined the prognostic significance of the type of recurrent arrhythmia after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) without additional substrate modification.We included 185 patients (88 female, 64 ± 9 years) undergoing repeat ablation after index PVI for recurrent OAT (24%) or AF (76%). The recurrence rate, arrhythmia-free survival time, and the type of further recurrences were recorded.There was no difference in the rate and mean time of arrhythmia-free survival between patients with OAT versus AF recurrence after the first (49% vs. 52%, p = .72 and 51.08 ± 6.66 vs. 53.37 ± 4.75 months, p = .54, respectively) and last (60% vs. 58%, p = .80 and 63.2 ± 7.04 vs. 61.2 ± 5.32 months, p = .23, respectively) redo procedure. AF occurred in the majority of subsequently recurring patients in both groups. No significant difference was found in the outcome of redo procedures between patients with typical flutter and atypical OAT, but a higher rate of successful rhythm control was observed in those with paroxysmal, as compared to persistent AF recurrence.After a PVI-only index procedure, recurrent OAT is not associated with a better outcome of redo procedures compared to recurrent AF. After repeat ablations, both groups experience AF as the dominant further recurrence
Does Left Ventricular Rotational Mechanics Depend on Aortic Valve Annular Dimensions in Healthy Adults? — A Three-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography-Derived Analysis from the MAGYAR-Healthy Study
Get PDFIntroduction. There is a balanced relationship between the left ventricle (LV), the aortic valve and the aorta, the functioning of which is essential for optimal circulation. Associations between simultaneously assessed LV rotational mechanics and aortic valve annular (AVA) dimensions respecting the cardiac cycle have never been assessed in clinical circumstances in healthy individuals by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE). The present study aimed to perform an extensive investigation in order to clarify their possible associations. Methods. The present study comprised 111 healthy individuals (mean age 35.3 ± 12.0 years, 69 males). Results. With increase in end-diastolic AVA area, tendentious increase in apical LV rotation and consequential LV twist could be detected. Basal and apical rotations and LV twist were tendentiously higher in case of mean end-systolic AVA area compared to lower/higher than mean end-systolic AVA area. With increase in basal LV rotation, tendentious decrease in end-diastolic AVA dimensions could be detected. End-systolic AVA dimensions were tendentiously smaller in case of mean basal LV rotation compared to lower/higher than mean basal LV rotations. With increase in apical LV rotation, tendentious increase in end-diastolic AVA dimensions could be detected. End-systolic AVA dimensions were tendentiously higher in case of mean apical LV rotation compared to lower/higher than mean apical LV rotations. Conclusions. No obvious significant association could be detected between simultaneously assessed LV rotational mechanics and AVA dimensions respecting the cardiac cycle in healthy adults
Development of a Simple HPLC Method for the Analysis of Ergosterol and UV-Enriched Vitamin D₂ in Mushroom Powders
Get PDFIn this study, a straightforward and cost-effective HPLC-UV method was developed for the rapid determination of vitamin D2 and ergosterol in mushrooms. These bioactive components are known to play a significant role in the nutritional value of mushrooms, particularly in the production of mushroom-based food supplements. The method, designed for routine analysis, involves a simple sample preparation process combining saponification and solid–liquid extraction, followed by HPLC-UV detection. High recovery rates (97–99%) were achieved by the method, with limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of 0.1 mg/kg dry weight and 0.5 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The enrichment of vitamin D₂ content in mushroom powders through UV irradiation was also investigated. In Agaricus bisporus, vitamin D₂ levels increased from an initial 1.92 mg/kg to 4.66 mg/kg following heat treatment at 100 °C, and reached a maximum of 28.13 mg/kg when heat treatment was combined with UV irradiation. In contrast, Lentinula edodes exhibited an initial vitamin D₂ content of 7–8.5 mg/kg, with the highest levels achieved through UV treatment alone, which also preserved ergosterol content. These findings highlight species-specific differences in vitamin D₂ conversion and present an effective approach for enhancing the nutritional profile of mushroom-based products, while providing a reliable analytical tool for quality control
The role of electrochemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced or recurrent eyelid‐periocular basal cell carcinoma: long‐term results
Get PDFDevelopment of 6 - to 17-year-old students’ inductive reasoning: What is the most sensitive period?
Get PDFTarget‐templated Construction of Functional Proteomimetics Using Photo‐foldamer Libraries
Get PDFCurrent methods for proteomimetic engineering rely on structure‐based design. Here we describe a design strategy that allows the construction of proteomimetics against challenging targets without a priori characterization of the target surface. Our approach relies on (i) a 100‐membered photoreactive foldamer library, the members of which act as local surface mimetics, and (ii) the subsequent affinity maturation of the primary hits using systems chemistry. Two surface‐oriented proteinogenic side chains drove the interactions between the short helical foldamer fragments and the proteins. Diazirine‐based photo‐crosslinking was applied to sensitively detected and localize binding even to shallow and dynamic patches on representatively difficult targets. Photo‐foldamers identified functionally relevant protein interfaces, allosteric and previously unexplored targetable regions on the surface of STAT3 and an oncogenic K‐Ras variant. Target‐templated dynamic linking of foldamer hits resulted in two orders of magnitude affinity improvement in a single step. The dimeric K‐Ras ligand mimicked protein‐like catalytic functions. The photo‐foldamer approach thus enables the highly efficient mapping of protein‐protein interaction sites and provides a viable starting point for proteomimetic ligand development without a priori structural hypotheses
Plant Protection by Tannins Depends on Defence-Related Phytohormones
Get PDFPlants produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites to sustain and protect themselves against a wide range of stresses. Among these metabolites, tannins are one of the most abundant polyphenolic compounds, accounting for 25% of the dry weight of leaves, roots and bark of woody plants, but are also abundant in flowering and seed-producing plants. The presence of tannins in these organs serves to protect plants against herbivorous and pathogenic attack through their antidigestive and antimicrobial properties. In addition, tannins play a role in regulating plant growth and development by inhibiting the consumption of unripe fruits due to their astringency. In addition, several studies have also revealed various roles of them under environmental stresses. Tannins can be classified into condensed tannins (CTs), hydrolysable tannins (HTs) and phlorotannins. They are synthesised in plants via the acetate–malonate and shikimic acid pathways. Their accumulation is regulated by several transcription factors during normal development and under different stress conditions. Despite their multiple roles in plant life, information on the regulation of tannin metabolism by defence-related phytohormones is very limited. To cope with biotic and abiotic stresses, plant responses are regulated by defence-related phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA), which act as regulators of tannin production under adverse conditions. This review focuses on tannin production, moreover its occurrence, defence potential and regulation by phytohormones under different environmental and biotic stresses, based on the most recent and relevant data